{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T17:40:05Z","timestamp":1793382005116,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710115200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32270193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32270193"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Marginal alveolar bone loss is one of the key features of periodontitis and can be observed via panoramic radiographs. This study aimed to establish a cascading learning method with deep learning (DL) for precise radiographic bone loss (RBL) measurements at specific tooth positions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Through the design of two tasks for tooth position recognition and tooth semantic segmentation using the SegFormer model, specific tooth\u2019s crown, intrabony portion, and suprabony portion of the roots were obtained. The RBL was subsequently measured by length through these three areas using the principal component analysis (PCA) principal axis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The average intersection over union (IoU) for the tooth position recognition task was 0.8906, with an F1-score of 0.9338. The average IoU for the tooth semantic segmentation task was 0.8465, with an F1-score of 0.9138. When the two tasks were combined, the average IoU was 0.7889, with an F1-score of 0.8674. The correlation coefficient between the RBL prediction results based on the PCA principal axis and the clinicians\u2019 measurements exceeded 0.85. Compared to those of the other two methods, the average precision of the predicted RBL was 0.7722, the average sensitivity was 0.7416, and the average F1-score was 0.7444.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The method for predicting RBL using DL and PCA produced promising results, offering rapid and reliable auxiliary information for future periodontal disease diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Precise RBL measurements are important for periodontal diagnosis. The proposed RBL-SF can measure RBL at specific tooth positions and assign the bone loss stage. The ability of the RBL-SF to measure RBL at specific tooth positions can guide clinicians to a certain extent in the accurate diagnosis of periodontitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-04079-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T10:03:41Z","timestamp":1710151421000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["A cascading learning method with SegFormer for radiographic measurement of periodontal bone loss"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Hanwen","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanjing","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengcheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 24","key":"4079_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13639","volume":"49","author":"D Herrera","year":"2022","unstructured":"Herrera D, Sanz M, Kebschull M, Jepsen S, Sculean A, Berglundh T, et al. 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The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University (WCHSIRB-D-2023-370). All participants provided informed consent prior to completing the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"XY, WH, and RS were involved in the data collection, analysis, and interpretation. YD contributed to the conception and design of the study and revised it critically for important intellectual content. HY and CL made substantial contributions to the study conception and design, data interpretation, drafting of the manuscript and critical revision. All the authors approved the final version of the manuscript and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author contribution statement"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"325"}}