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Serum cotinine levels\u2009\u2265\u20090.05 ng\/ml were associated with an increased risk of periodontitis (OR\u2009=\u20091.99, 95% CI: 1.69\u20132.33). The group with low leisure physical activity and serum cotinine levels\u2009\u2265\u20090.05 ng\/ml had an increased risk of periodontitis compared to the group with high leisure physical activity and serum cotinine levels\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 ng\/ml (OR\u2009=\u20092.48, 95% CI: 1.88\u20133.27). Interaction metrics RERI\u2009=\u20090.90 (95% CI: 0.44\u20131.36) and API\u2009=\u20090.36 (95% CI: 0.18\u20130.55); CI for SI\u2009=\u20092.55 (95% CI: 1.03\u20136.28). for API 0.36.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Leisure time physical activity intensity interacted with smoking exposure on periodontitis risk and may provide the general population with the opportunity to Increasing leisure-time physical activity and smoking cessation may provide recommendations for the general population.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-04141-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T11:02:51Z","timestamp":1713351771000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["NHANES-based analysis of the correlation between leisure-time physical activity, serum cotinine levels and periodontitis risk"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Hua","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diya","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yining","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"4141_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2022.122065","volume":"625","author":"V Uskokovi\u0107","year":"2022","unstructured":"Uskokovi\u0107 V, Pej\u010di\u0107 A, Koliqi R, An\u0111elkovi\u0107 Z. 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