{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T11:44:30Z","timestamp":1750765470050},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712880000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) caused drastic changes in people\u2019s lifestyle that affected TMD characteristics through its physical and psychological influences. The aim of this study was to define the clinical and psychological characteristics of a large group of well-defined TMD patients and seek their differences between before and during the COVID-19 pandemic to establish points of care to be emphasized in the post-pandemic era.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>TMD patients diagnosed by the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC\/TMD) aged\u2009\u2265\u200918 were analyzed. Samples between September, 2017 to July, 2019 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009455) and March, 2021 to June, 2022 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009338) were collected to represent before and during COVID-19, respectively. The Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS) and Symptom Checklist-90-Revision (SCL-90-R) were used to evaluate disability levels and psychological status. Clinical indices were compared between COVID periods and factors related to higher pain levels were investigated according to pandemic period.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>More patients reported pain on palpation of the masticatory muscles during the pandemic (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.021) while the number decreased for neck muscles (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001) and TMJ (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) areas. Patients reporting nocturnal bruxism (23.3\u201329.6%) and clenching (45.1\u201354.7%) significantly increased during the pandemic. TMD patients with pain without disability were more common during the pandemic regardless of pain intensity (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The number of patients expressing interference in daily activities decreased drastically during COVID-19 regardless of disability level (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Factors associated with higher than moderate pain intensity (CPI\u2009\u2265\u200950) were insomnia (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20091.603, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.047) and somatization (OR\u2009=\u20091.082, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) before the pandemic. During the pandemic, age (OR\u2009=\u20091.024, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.007), somatization (OR\u2009=\u20091.070, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006), and paranoid ideation (OR\u2009=\u20091.117, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003) were significantly associated with higher pain intensity.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The results of our study underline the importance of evaluating psychological profiles of TMD patients, especially somatization, paranoid ideation and psychoticism, in exceptional situations that may cause a change in individual mental status. This will lead to a better understanding of the individual TMD patient and help in planning personalized treatment strategies that will assist the patient in adjusting to changes occurring in special environments such as the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-04168-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T16:02:16Z","timestamp":1712937736000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical and psychological aspects of temporomandibular disorders"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Seong Hae","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo Young","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Sun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji Woon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"4168_CR1","unstructured":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. 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PMID: 15978854.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2005.01.012"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-024-04168-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-024-04168-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-024-04168-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T16:03:02Z","timestamp":1712937782000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12903-024-04168-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4168"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-024-04168-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 August 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 March 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 April 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All methods were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant guidelines and regulations. This work was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Seoul National University Dental Hospital (ERI22028). All subjects signed an informed consent form on their first visit approving the usage of their medical records for academic purpose. The need for obtaining further informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board based on the retrospective nature of the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare in relation to this work.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"447"}}