{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T19:36:58Z","timestamp":1788464218884,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012131","name":"Department of Science and Technology of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023JH2\/101300032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JH2\/101300032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012131","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Tooth avulsion represents the most severe form of dental trauma, necessitating tooth replantation as the primary treatment. However, the risk of replacement root resorption (RRR) poses a significant threat to tooth retention following replantation. This study preliminarily aimed to investigate the effect of physiological occlusal force on RRR after the replantation of avulsed teeth and to explore the potential underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Thirty-six 4-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent extraction and immediate replantation of their left maxillary molars. The rats were randomly divided into two major groups: the occluded (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200918) group, where the opposite mandibular teeth were preserved; non-occluded (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200918) group, where the opposite mandibular teeth were extracted. Within each major group, there were three subgroups corresponding to 7 days, 14 days, and 2 months, resulting in a total of six subgroups, (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096 per subgroup). The right maxillary first molars served as the normal control. Various periodontal characteristics were assessed using haematoxylin-eosin (H&amp;E), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Histological staining revealed that under occlusal force, the early stage (day 7) after tooth replantation mainly manifested as root surface resorption, especially in the non-occluded group, which gradually diminished over time. Cementum and periodontal ligament (PDL) repair was observed on day 14. Micro-CT analysis indicated a significant decrease in PDL width in the non-occluded group two months after replantation, consistent with the histological findings, signifying severe RRR in the non-occluded group.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study provides preliminary evidence that physiological occlusal force may attenuate osteoclastogenesis during the early stage of tooth replantation, thereby reducing the occurrence of RRR and promoting periodontal healing.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-04394-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T11:54:18Z","timestamp":1717588458000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Physiological occlusal force attenuates replacement root resorption of replanted teeth: an experimental animal study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Zhenjiang","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liming","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"4394_CR1","first-page":"486","volume-title":"Textbook and color atlas of traumatic injuries to the teeth","author":"JO Andreasen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM, Andersson L. Textbook and color atlas of traumatic injuries to the teeth. 5th ed. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell; 2019. pp. 486\u2013520.","edition":"5"},{"issue":"8","key":"4394_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2018.03.002","volume":"44","author":"BDM Souza","year":"2018","unstructured":"Souza BDM, Dutra KL, Kuntze MM, Bortoluzzi EA, Flores-Mir C, Reyes-Carmona J, et al. Incidence of Root Resorption after the TRAP replantation of Avulsed Teeth: a Meta-analysis. J Endod. 2018;44(8):1216\u201327.","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"4394_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2012.11.056","volume":"39","author":"B Malmgren","year":"2013","unstructured":"Malmgren B. Ridge preservation\/decoronation. J Endod. 2013;39(3 Suppl):S67\u201372.","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"issue":"4","key":"4394_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12573","volume":"36","author":"AF Fouad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fouad AF, Abbott PV, Tsilingaridis G, Cohenca N, Lauridsen E, Bourguignon C, et al. International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 2. Avulsion of permanent teeth. Dent Traumatol. 2020;36(4):331\u201342.","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"4394_CR5","first-page":"444","volume-title":"Textbook and color atlas of traumatic injuries to the teeth","author":"JO Andreasen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM, Andersson L. Textbook and color atlas of traumatic injuries to the teeth. 4th ed. Copenhagen: Blackwell Munksgaard; 2007. pp. 444\u201388.","edition":"4"},{"issue":"4","key":"4394_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc.63.369","volume":"63","author":"T Muramoto","year":"2000","unstructured":"Muramoto T, Takano Y, Soma K. Time-related changes in periodontal mechanoreceptors in rat molars after the loss of occlusal stimuli. Arch Histol Cytol. 2000;63(4):369\u201380.","journal-title":"Arch Histol Cytol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4394_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2010.00374.x","volume":"56","author":"P Pavasant","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pavasant P, Yongchaitrakul T. Role of mechanical stress on the function of periodontal ligament cells. Periodontol 2000. 2011;56(1):154\u201365.","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"issue":"1","key":"4394_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0765.2001.00607.x","volume":"36","author":"S Kaneko","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kaneko S, Ohashi K, Soma K, Yanagishita M. Occlusal hypofunction causes changes of proteoglycan content in the rat periodontal ligament. J Periodontal Res. 2001;36(1):9\u201317.","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"4394_CR9","first-page":"637","volume":"75","author":"K Mine","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mine K, Kanno Z, Muramoto T, Soma K. Occlusal forces promote periodontal healing of transplanted teeth and prevent dentoalveolar ankylosis: an experimental study in rats. Angle Orthod. 2005;75(4):637\u201344.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"1","key":"4394_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-022-00190-4","volume":"10","author":"L Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang L, You X, Zhang L, Zhang C, Zou W. Mechanical regulation of bone remodeling. Bone Res. 2022;10(1):16.","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"4394_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12875","volume":"56","author":"H Jiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jiang H, Kitaura H, Liu L, Mizoguchi I, Liu S. The mir-155-5p inhibits osteoclast differentiation through targeting CXCR2 in orthodontic root resorption. J Periodontal Res. 2021;56(4):761\u201373.","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"4394_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2010.01718.x","volume":"17","author":"Z Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang Z, McCauley LK. Osteoclasts and odontoclasts: signaling pathways to development and disease. Oral Dis. 2011;17(2):129\u201342.","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"4394_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(89)90010-1","volume":"34","author":"U Mandel","year":"1989","unstructured":"Mandel U, Viidik A. Effect of splinting on the mechanical and histological properties of the healing periodontal ligament in the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops). Arch Oral Biol. 1989;34(3):209\u201317.","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4394_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.1988.tb00642.x","volume":"4","author":"L Tronstad","year":"1988","unstructured":"Tronstad L. Root resorption\u2013etiology, terminology and clinical manifestations. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1988;4(6):241\u201352.","journal-title":"Endod Dent Traumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4394_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.1989.tb00354.x","volume":"5","author":"L Hammarstrom","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hammarstrom L, Blomlof L, Lindskog S. Dynamics of dentoalveolar ankylosis and associated root resorption. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1989;5(4):163\u201375.","journal-title":"Endod Dent Traumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4394_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.4103\/JISPPD.JISPPD_187_18","volume":"36","author":"S Hasanuddin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hasanuddin S, Reddy JS. Sequelae of delayed replantation of maxillary permanent incisors after avulsion: a case series with 24-month follow-up and clinical review. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2018;36(4):410\u20136.","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent"},{"issue":"6","key":"4394_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e100066","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100066","volume":"9","author":"H Hayashi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hayashi H, Terao A, Kunimatsu R, Kawata T. Effects of a low level laser on periodontal tissue in hypofunctional teeth. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(6):e100066.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"4394_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20230176","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20230176","volume":"52","author":"N Dewake","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dewake N, Miki M, Ishioka Y, Nakamura S, Taguchi A, Yoshinari N. Association between clinical manifestations of occlusal trauma and magnetic resonance imaging findings of periodontal ligament space. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2023;52(8):20230176.","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4394_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2019.49.5.299","volume":"49","author":"WY Park","year":"2019","unstructured":"Park WY, Kim MS, Kim MS, Oh MH, Lee SY, Kim SH, et al. Effects of pre-applied orthodontic force on the regeneration of periodontal tissues in tooth replantation. Korean J Orthod. 2019;49(5):299\u2013309.","journal-title":"Korean J Orthod"},{"issue":"1","key":"4394_CR20","first-page":"59","volume":"52","author":"CC Chen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chen CC, Kanno Z, Soma K. Occlusal forces promote periodontal healing of transplanted teeth with enhanced nitric oxide synthesis. J Med Dent Sci. 2005;52(1):59\u201364.","journal-title":"J Med Dent Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"4394_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.18-0710","volume":"91","author":"W Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu W, Lu Y, Yue J, Lu W, Zhou W, Zhou X, et al. Occlusal trauma inhibits osteoblast differentiation and bone formation through IKK-NF-kappaB signaling. J Periodontol. 2020;91(5):683\u201392.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4394_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2016.10.018","volume":"43","author":"JV Bastos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bastos JV, Silva TA, Colosimo EA, Cortes MI, Ferreira DA, Goulart EM, et al. Expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in Replanted Permanent Teeth with External Root Resorption. J Endod. 2017;43(2):203\u20139.","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"issue":"6937","key":"4394_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01658","volume":"423","author":"WJ Boyle","year":"2003","unstructured":"Boyle WJ, Simonet WS, Lacey DL. Osteoclast differentiation and activation. Nature. 2003;423(6937):337\u201342.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5484","key":"4394_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5484.1504","volume":"289","author":"SL Teitelbaum","year":"2000","unstructured":"Teitelbaum SL. Bone resorption by osteoclasts. Science. 2000;289(5484):1504\u20138.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"4394_CR25","first-page":"115","volume":"21","author":"SC Manolagas","year":"2000","unstructured":"Manolagas SC. Birth and death of bone cells: basic regulatory mechanisms and implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of osteoporosis. Endocr Rev. 2000;21(2):115\u201337.","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"4394_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2020.06.006","volume":"54","author":"Y Men","year":"2020","unstructured":"Men Y, Wang Y, Yi Y, Jing D, Luo W, Shen B, et al. Gli1\u2009+\u2009periodontium stem cells are regulated by osteocytes and Occlusal Force. Dev Cell. 2020;54(5):639\u2013e546.","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"4394_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617032","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/617032","volume":"2014","author":"H Kitaura","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kitaura H, Kimura K, Ishida M, Sugisawa H, Kohara H, Yoshimatsu M, et al. Effect of cytokines on osteoclast formation and bone resorption during mechanical force loading of the periodontal membrane. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014;2014:617032.","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"issue":"2","key":"4394_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-005-0138-4","volume":"325","author":"H Tsukamoto-Tanaka","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tsukamoto-Tanaka H, Ikegame M, Takagi R, Harada H, Ohshima H. Histochemical and immunocytochemical study of hard tissue formation in dental pulp during the healing process in rat molars after tooth replantation. Cell Tissue Res. 2006;325(2):219\u201329.","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"4394_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2007.04.015","volume":"52","author":"C Zhao","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhao C, Hosoya A, Kurita H, Hu T, Hiraga T, Ninomiya T, et al. Immunohistochemical study of hard tissue formation in the rat pulp cavity after tooth replantation. Arch Oral Biol. 2007;52(10):945\u201353.","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4394_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2007.00528.x","volume":"24","author":"J Soares Ade","year":"2008","unstructured":"Soares Ade J, Gomes BP, Zaia AA, Ferraz CC, de Souza-Filho FJ. Relationship between clinical-radiographic evaluation and outcome of teeth replantation. Dent Traumatol. 2008;24(2):183\u20138.","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4394_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.5624\/isd.20220186","volume":"53","author":"LAC Martins","year":"2023","unstructured":"Martins LAC, Brasil DM, Freitas DQ, Oliveira ML. A novel method of objectively detecting tooth ankylosis using cone-beam computed tomography: a laboratory study. Imaging Sci Dent. 2023;53(1):61\u20137.","journal-title":"Imaging Sci Dent"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-024-04394-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-024-04394-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-024-04394-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T11:55:09Z","timestamp":1717588509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12903-024-04394-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4394"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-024-04394-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 December 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 May 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 June 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"All in vivo animal experiments were conducted in compliance with ARRIVE guidelines and protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of China Medical University (Approval No. 2020194).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"658"}}