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Using probiotics to inhibit the growth and colonization of pathogenic bacteria, regulate mucosal immunity and improve oral microecological balance is an effective way to prevent or treat dental caries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the caries-prevention of probiotics in vitro and in rat caries models.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The probiotics used in this study are a combination of 4 strains of bacteria. After the fermentation of 4 strains (\n                      <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>L. salivarius<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>L. rhamnosus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>L. paracasei<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) was completed, they were mixed in equal volume proportions and used as samples to be tested. The mixture was then assessed the ability to inhibit the growth of\n                      <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      in vitro and in vivo. SPSS Statistics 22.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In vitro the probiotics mixture could inhibit the growth of\n                      <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      and was able to remove biofilms formed by\n                      <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      . In a 42-day in vivo experiment, the probiotics group significantly reduced the level of\n                      <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      on the tooth surface of rats, reducing more than half the bacterial quantities compared with the caries model group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The amount of\n                      <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the antagonist group was low and highly significant compared with the caries model group. Moreover, the mixture of 4 strains significantly reduced the caries scores (modified Keyes scoring method) in both the probiotic and antagonist groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study showed that the combination of the four strains can reduce the cavity scores, and the four strains can be used as products in oral care products. At the same time, the study also suggests that probiotic therapy can be an effective way to prevent dental caries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-04703-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T10:02:42Z","timestamp":1723111362000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Preventive effects of probiotics on dental caries in vitro and in vivo"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jingyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9555","key":"4703_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60031-2","volume":"369","author":"RH Selwitz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Selwitz RH, Ismail AI, Pitts NB. 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All methods were in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines. The animal test was approved by Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee Nanjing BIOGENE Biotech. Co. Ltd.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"915"}}