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No. DA.282\/298\/01.C\/843 of 3rd September 2021 before commencing the study. Before filling out the consent, each participant received a detailed oral explanation of the nature and purpose of the study. The participants were assured of confidentiality and anonymity. Also they had the right to withdraw without any conditions. Informed consent was obtained from the participants, their parents, and legally authorized representatives before participating in this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical considerations"}},{"value":"There was a limited number of participants in the referral hospitals hence data collection was extended beyond the originally expected time to attain the calculated sample size. Some of the participants were also worried and hesitant to participate fully in the study as they were afraid of dental treatment while pregnant; therefore all participants were reassured that there were no invasive procedures and their safety was guaranteed.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Study limitation and mitigation"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was obtained from the MUHAS Higher Degrees Research and Publications Committee vied letter Ref. No. DA.282\/298\/01.C\/843 of 3rd sept 2021. Data collection was conducted under the ethical standards outlined in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments [, ]. Informed consent was obtained from the participants, their parents, and legally authorized representatives in this study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1038"}}