{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T23:35:07Z","timestamp":1788478507422,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730160000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004242","name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PNURSP2024R499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2024R499"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004242","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-04868-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T12:02:42Z","timestamp":1730203362000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Peri-implant clinical profile and subgingival yeasts carriage among cigarette-smokers with peri-implant mucositis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Asmaa Saleh","family":"Almeslet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suha Mohammed","family":"Aljudaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4868_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.4248\/ijos.08006","volume":"1","author":"L Samaranayake","year":"2009","unstructured":"Samaranayake L. Commensal oral Candida in Asian cohorts. Int J Oral Sci. 2009;1(1):2\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4868_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12902","volume":"25","author":"SA Mokeem","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mokeem SA, Abduljabbar T, Al-Kheraif AA, Alasqah MN, Michelogiannakis D, Samaranayake LP, Javed F. Oral Candida carriage among cigarette- and waterpipe-smokers, and electronic cigarette users. Oral Dis. 2019;25(1):319\u201326.","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"4868_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12760","volume":"21","author":"M Alrabiah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alrabiah M, Alshagroud RS, Alsahhaf A, Almojaly SA, Abduljabbar T, Javed F. Presence of Candida species in the subgingival oral biofilm of patients with peri-implantitis. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2019;21(4):781\u20135.","journal-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4868_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.17-0090","volume":"60","author":"Z Akram","year":"2018","unstructured":"Akram Z, Al-Kheraif AA, Kellesarian SV, Vohra F, Javed F. Comparison of oral Candida carriage in waterpipe smokers, cigarette smokers, and non-smokers. J Oral Sci. 2018;60(1):115\u201320.","journal-title":"J Oral Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"4868_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0690(18)30461-0","volume":"8","author":"DE Peterson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Peterson DE. Oral candidiasis. Clin Geriatr Med. 1992;8(3):513\u201327.","journal-title":"Clin Geriatr Med"},{"key":"4868_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2020.104650","volume":"111","author":"F Alqahtani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alqahtani F. Role of oral yeasts in the etiopathogenesis of peri-implantitis: an evidence-based literature review of clinical studies. Arch Oral Biol. 2020;111:104650.","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"4868_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Souza JGS, Costa RC, Sampaio AA, Abdo VL, Nagay BE, Castro N, Retamal-Valdes B, Shibli JA, Feres M, Bar\u00e3o VAR et al. Cross-kingdom microbial interactions in dental implant-related infections: is Candida albicans a new villain? iScience 2022, 25(4):103994.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103994"},{"issue":"Suppl 20","key":"4868_CR8","first-page":"S237","volume":"45","author":"LJA Heitz-Mayfield","year":"2018","unstructured":"Heitz-Mayfield LJA, Salvi GE. Peri-implant mucositis. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45(Suppl 20):S237\u201345.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"4868_CR9","first-page":"S304","volume":"89","author":"S Renvert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Renvert S, Persson GR, Pirih FQ, Camargo PM. Peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implantitis: case definitions and diagnostic considerations. J Periodontol. 2018;89(Suppl 1):S304\u201312.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"4868_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103320","volume":"42","author":"LIN Aldosari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aldosari LIN, Hassan SAB, Alshadidi AAF, Rangaiah GC, Divakar DD. Short-term influence of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjuvant to mechanical debridement in reducing soft-tissue inflammation and subgingival yeasts colonization in patients with peri-implant mucositis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2023;42:103320.","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"4868_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12282","volume":"81","author":"F Javed","year":"2019","unstructured":"Javed F, Rahman I, Romanos GE. Tobacco-product usage as a risk factor for dental implants. Periodontol 2000. 2019;81(1):48\u201356.","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"issue":"11","key":"4868_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2007.070186","volume":"78","author":"F Javed","year":"2007","unstructured":"Javed F, N\u00e4sstr\u00f6m K, Benchimol D, Altamash M, Klinge B, Engstr\u00f6m PE. Comparison of periodontal and socioeconomic status between subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-diabetic controls. J Periodontol. 2007;78(11):2112\u20139.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"4868_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/s40496-018-0173-3","volume":"5","author":"DR Wagenknecht","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wagenknecht DR, BalHaddad AA, Gregory RL. Effects of nicotine on oral microorganisms, human tissues, and the interactions between them. Curr Oral Health Rep. 2018;5:78\u201387.","journal-title":"Curr Oral Health Rep"},{"key":"4868_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haghighi F, Andriasian L, Tran NC, Lux R. Effect of cigarette and E-Cigarette smoke condensates on Candida albicans Biofilm formation and gene expression. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022, 19(8).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19084626"},{"issue":"3","key":"4868_CR15","first-page":"255","volume":"13","author":"LB Alves","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alves LB, Coelho T, de Azevedo RA, Dos Santos JN, Neves FS, Cury PR. Systemic risk indicators for peri-implant diseases in individuals with implant-supported fixed prostheses: a cross-sectional study. Int J Oral Implantol (Berl). 2020;13(3):255\u201366.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Implantol (Berl)"},{"issue":"9","key":"4868_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.20-0566","volume":"92","author":"AA Shimchuk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shimchuk AA, Weinstein BF, Daubert DM. The impact of a change in classification criteria on the prevalence of peri-implantitis: a cross-sectional analysis. J Periodontol. 2021;92(9):1339\u201346.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"4868_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-94","volume":"11","author":"YH Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee YH, Shin MH, Kweon SS, Choi JS, Rhee JA, Ahn HR, Yun WJ, Ryu SY, Kim BH, Nam HS, et al. Cumulative smoking exposure, duration of smoking cessation, and peripheral arterial disease in middle-aged and older Korean men. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:94.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"4868_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.3109\/00016356309011240","volume":"21","author":"H Loe","year":"1963","unstructured":"Loe H, Silness J. Periodontal disease in pregnancy I. Prevalence and severity.. Acta Odontol Scand. 1963;21:533\u201351.","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"issue":"4","key":"4868_CR19","first-page":"229","volume":"25","author":"J Ainamo","year":"1975","unstructured":"Ainamo J, Bay I. Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque. Int Dent J. 1975;25(4):229\u201335.","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"issue":"3","key":"4868_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1977.tb02271.x","volume":"4","author":"GC Armitage","year":"1977","unstructured":"Armitage GC, Svanberg GK, L\u00f6e H. Microscopic evaluation of clinical measurements of connective tissue attachment levels. J Clin Periodontol. 1977;4(3):173\u201390.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"4868_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-9-12","volume":"9","author":"F Javed","year":"2009","unstructured":"Javed F, Klingspor L, Sundin U, Altamash M, Klinge B, Engstr\u00f6m PE. Periodontal conditions, oral Candida albicans and salivary proteins in type 2 diabetic subjects with emphasis on gender. BMC Oral Health. 2009;9:12.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"4868_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8441","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.8441","volume":"8","author":"G Santhana Krishnan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Santhana Krishnan G, Naik D, Uppoor A, Nayak S, Baliga S, Maddi A. Candidal carriage in saliva and subgingival plaque among smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis-a cross-sectional study. PeerJ. 2020;8:e8441.","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"4868_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"017","DOI":"10.5005\/jcdp-11-3-17","volume":"11","author":"AM Darwazeh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Darwazeh AM, Al-Dwairi ZN, Al-Zwairi AA. The relationship between tobacco smoking and oral colonization with Candida species. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2010;11(3):017\u201324.","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"4868_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.4103\/njms.NJMS_80_19","volume":"12","author":"CP Arya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arya CP, Jaiswal R, Tandon A, Jain A. Isolation and identification of oral Candida species in potentially malignant disorder and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Natl J Maxillofac Surg. 2021;12(3):387\u201391.","journal-title":"Natl J Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"4868_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12022","volume":"48","author":"A Canabarro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Canabarro A, Valle C, Farias MR, Santos FB, Lazera M, Wanke B. Association of subgingival colonization of Candida albicans and other yeasts with severity of chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Res. 2013;48(4):428\u201332.","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"4868_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.2.209-219.2003","volume":"16","author":"H Friedman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Friedman H, Newton C, Klein TW. Microbial infections, immunomodulation, and drugs of abuse. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2003;16(2):209\u201319.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"4868_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Okada K, Matsuo K. Nicotine exerts a stronger Immunosuppressive Effect Than its structural analogs and regulates experimental colitis in rats. Biomedicines 2023, 11(3).","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11030922"},{"issue":"2","key":"4868_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.30607","volume":"237","author":"S Saranyutanon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Saranyutanon S, Acharya S, Deshmukh SK, Khan MA, Singh S, Singh AP. Nicotine causes alternative polarization of macrophages via src-mediated STAT3 activation: potential pathobiological implications. J Cell Physiol. 2022;237(2):1486\u201397.","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4868_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2011.01.003","volume":"215","author":"J Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee J, Cooke JP. The role of nicotine in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 2011;215(2):281\u20133.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"2","key":"4868_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/08927014.2015.1125472","volume":"32","author":"YW Cavalcanti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cavalcanti YW, Wilson M, Lewis M, Del-Bel-Cury AA, da Silva WJ, Williams DW. Modulation of Candida albicans virulence by bacterial biofilms on titanium surfaces. Biofouling. 2016;32(2):123\u201334.","journal-title":"Biofouling"},{"issue":"4","key":"4868_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1023\/B:BGEN.0000038023.36727.50","volume":"5","author":"RM Nagler","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nagler RM. Salivary glands and the aging process: mechanistic aspects, health-status and medicinal-efficacy monitoring. Biogerontology. 2004;5(4):223\u201333.","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"issue":"2","key":"4868_CR32","first-page":"343","volume":"31","author":"F Javed","year":"2017","unstructured":"Javed F, Al-Kheraif AA, Kellesarian SV, Vohra F, Romanos GE. Oral Candida carriage and species prevalence in denture stomatitis patients with and without diabetes. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2017;31(2):343\u20136.","journal-title":"J Biol Regul Homeost Agents"},{"issue":"3","key":"4868_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2013.05.013","volume":"116","author":"MM Hammad","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hammad MM, Darwazeh AM, Idrees MM. The effect of glycemic control on Candida colonization of the tongue and the subgingival plaque in patients with type II diabetes and periodontitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2013;116(3):321\u20136.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-024-04868-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-024-04868-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-024-04868-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T13:27:19Z","timestamp":1730294839000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12903-024-04868-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4868"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-024-04868-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 October 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The research protocol underwent rigorous review and received approval from an independent ethical committee, confirming its compliance with ethical standards. This clinical study adhered to the principles of research ethics, ensuring the protection and well-being of participants. Participation in the study was entirely voluntary, and all individuals provided informed consent before inclusion. Throughout the study, participants were accorded the freedom to ask questions and seek clarifications regarding any aspect of the research. Importantly, all participants retained the autonomy to withdraw from the study at any stage without incurring any penalties or negative consequences. This commitment to voluntary participation, informed consent, and participant autonomy underscores our dedication to upholding the highest ethical standards in clinical research. The ethical approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board at the Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Registration No. FRP\/2024\/543).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human ethics and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1312"}}