{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T11:13:04Z","timestamp":1794049984462,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]],"date-time":"2024-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727568000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]],"date-time":"2024-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-04934-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]],"date-time":"2024-09-29T16:01:34Z","timestamp":1727625694000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Methods used for caries detection and diagnosis in Ontario dental practices: a cross-sectional survey"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akshay","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abiola","family":"Adeniyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"De Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura E","family":"Tam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Tikhonova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacinta","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbas","family":"Jessani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4934_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"NB Pitts","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pitts NB, Zero DT, Marsh PD, Ekstrand K, Weintraub JA, Ramos-Gomez F, Tagami J, Twetman S, Tsakos G, Ismail A. Dental caries. Nat Reviews Disease Primers. 2017;3(1):1\u20136.","journal-title":"Nat Reviews Disease Primers"},{"issue":"11","key":"4934_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510376046","volume":"89","author":"NJ Cochrane","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cochrane NJ, Cai F, Huq NL, Burrow MF, Reynolds EC. New approaches to enhanced remineralization of tooth enamel. J Dent Res. 2010;89(11):1187\u201397.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"4934_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbiosy.2021.100029","volume":"4","author":"B Grohe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grohe B, Mittler S. Advanced non-fluoride approaches to dental enamel remineralization: the next level in enamel repair management. Biomaterials Biosystems. 2021;4:100029.","journal-title":"Biomaterials Biosystems"},{"issue":"3","key":"4934_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.17096\/jiufd.38691","volume":"49","author":"B Dikmen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dikmen B. Icdas II criteria (international caries detection and assessment system). J Istanbul Univ Fac Dentistry. 2015;49(3):63\u201372.","journal-title":"J Istanbul Univ Fac Dentistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"4934_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034517736500","volume":"29","author":"JD Featherstone","year":"2018","unstructured":"Featherstone JD, Chaffee BW. The evidence for caries management by risk assessment (CAMBRA\u00ae). Adv Dent Res. 2018;29(1):9\u201314.","journal-title":"Adv Dent Res"},{"key":"4934_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ismail AI, Pitts NB, Tellez M, Authors of the International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS). The International caries classification and management system (ICCMS\u2122) an example of a caries management pathway. InBMC oral health 2015 Dec (Vol. 15, pp. 1\u201313). BioMed Central.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-15-S1-S9"},{"issue":"4","key":"4934_CR7","first-page":"341","volume":"25","author":"MJ Chong","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chong MJ, Seow WK, Purdie DM, Cheng E, Wan V. Visual-tactile examination compared with conventional radiography, digital radiography, and Diagnodent in the diagnosis of occlusal occult caries in extracted premolars. Pediatr Dent. 2003;25(4):341\u20139.","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"issue":"2","key":"4934_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2004.11.007","volume":"93","author":"L Jahangiri","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jahangiri L, Wahlers C, Hittelman E, Matheson P. Assessment of sensitivity and specificity of clinical evaluation of cast restoration marginal accuracy compared to stereomicroscopy. J Prosthet Dent. 2005;93(2):138\u201342.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"issue":"3","key":"4934_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.2209\/tdcpublication.56.139","volume":"56","author":"Y Ishizuka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ishizuka Y, Maki Y, Kagami N, Satou R, Sugihara N. Comparison of dental explorers and CPI-probes in diagnosing dental caries. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll. 2015;56(3):139\u201344.","journal-title":"Bull Tokyo Dent Coll"},{"issue":"4","key":"4934_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1159\/000261041","volume":"21","author":"K Ekstrand","year":"1987","unstructured":"Ekstrand K, Qvist V, Thylstrup A. Light microscope study of the effect of probing in occlusal surfaces. Caries Res. 1987;21(4):368\u201374.","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"4934_CR11","first-page":"343","volume":"55","author":"CS Van Dorp","year":"1988","unstructured":"Van Dorp CS, Exterkate RA, Ten Cate JM. The effect of dental probing on subsequent enamel demineralization. ASDC J Dent Child. 1988;55(5):343\u20137.","journal-title":"ASDC J Dent Child"},{"issue":"2","key":"4934_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-1089","volume":"4","author":"N Gugnani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gugnani N, Pandit IK, Srivastava N, Gupta M, Sharma M. International caries detection and assessment system (ICDAS): a new concept. Int J Clin Pediatr Dentistry. 2011;4(2):93.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pediatr Dentistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"4934_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ebd.6401166","volume":"17","author":"JR Keenan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Keenan JR, Keenan AV. Accuracy of dental radiographs for caries detection. Evid-Based Dent. 2016;17(2):43.","journal-title":"Evid-Based Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"4934_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E23","DOI":"10.2341\/18-034-C","volume":"44","author":"ED Tagliaferro","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tagliaferro ED, Junior AV, Rosell FL, Silva SR, Riley JL, Gilbert GH, Gordan VV. Caries diagnosis in dental practices: results from dentists in a Brazilian community. Oper Dent. 2019;44(1):E23\u201331.","journal-title":"Oper Dent"},{"issue":"2","key":"4934_CR15","first-page":"80","volume":"35","author":"HE Strassler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Strassler HE, Pitel ML. Using fiber-optic transillumination as a diagnostic aid in dental practice. Compendium. 2014;35(2):80\u20138.","journal-title":"Compendium"},{"issue":"4","key":"4934_CR16","first-page":"159","volume":"4","author":"H Nokhbatolfoghahaie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nokhbatolfoghahaie H, Alikhasi M, Chiniforush N, Khoei F, Safavi N, Zadeh BY. Evaluation of accuracy of DIAGNOdent in diagnosis of primary and secondary caries in comparison to conventional methods. J Lasers Med Sci. 2013;4(4):159.","journal-title":"J Lasers Med Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"4934_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-15-S1-S3","volume":"15","author":"J Gomez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gomez J. Detection and diagnosis of the early caries lesion. BMC Oral Health. 2015;15(Suppl 1):S3.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"4934_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1080\/00016350701291685","volume":"65","author":"J K\u00fchnisch","year":"2007","unstructured":"K\u00fchnisch J, Ifland S, Tranaeus S, Hickel R, St\u00f6sser L, Heinrich-Weltzien R. In vivo detection of non-cavitated caries lesions on occlusal surfaces by visual inspection and quantitative light-induced fluorescence. Acta Odontol Scand. 2007;65(3):183\u20138.","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"issue":"3","key":"4934_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.4103\/1119-3077.181360","volume":"20","author":"UK Vural","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vural UK, G\u00f6kalp S. Diagnostic methods for dental caries used by private dental practitioners in Ankara. Niger J Clin Pract. 2017;20(3):382\u20137.","journal-title":"Niger J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"4934_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.2341\/10-137-CR","volume":"36","author":"VV Gordan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gordan VV, Riley JL III, Carvalho RM, Snyder J, Sanderson JL Jr, Anderson M, Gilbert GH, DPBRN Collaborative Group. Methods used by Dental Practice-based Research Network (DPBRN) dentists to diagnose dental caries. Oper Dent. 2011;36(1):2\u201311.","journal-title":"Oper Dent"},{"issue":"12","key":"4934_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2010.09.003","volume":"38","author":"DB Rindal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rindal DB, Gordan VV, Litaker MS, Bader JD, Fellows JL, Qvist V, Wallace-Dawson MC, Anderson ML, Gilbert GH, DPBRN Collaborative Group. Methods dentists use to diagnose primary caries lesions prior to restorative treatment: findings from the Dental PBRN. J Dent. 2010;38(12):1027\u201332.","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"4934_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-018-0585-4","volume":"18","author":"MG Cagetti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cagetti MG, Bont\u00e0 G, Cocco F, Lingstrom P, Strohmenger L, Campus G. Are standardized caries risk assessment models effective in assessing actual caries status and future caries increment? A systematic review. BMC Oral Health. 2018;18:1\u20130.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"4934_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.17796\/1053-4628-40.3.221","volume":"40","author":"D Goel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Goel D, Sandhu M, Jhingan P, Sachdev V. Effectiveness of air drying and magnification methods for detecting initial caries on occlusal surfaces using three different diagnostic aids. J Clin Pediatr Dentistry. 2016;40(3):221\u20136.","journal-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dentistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"4934_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-1588","volume":"12","author":"N Gupta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gupta N, Sandhu M, Sachdev V, Jhingan P. Comparison of visual examination and magnification with DIAGNOdent for detection of smooth surface initial Carious Lesion\u2014Dry and Wet conditions. Int J Clin Pediatr Dentistry. 2019;12(1):37.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pediatr Dentistry"},{"issue":"5","key":"4934_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1159\/000016467","volume":"32","author":"MC Huysmans","year":"1998","unstructured":"Huysmans MC, Longbottom CH, Pitts NB. Electrical methods in occlusal caries diagnosis: an in vitro comparison with visual inspection and bite\u2013wing radiography. Caries Res. 1998;32(5):324\u20139.","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"4934_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.2341\/10-006-L","volume":"36","author":"MB Diniz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Diniz MB, Lima LM, Eckert G, Zandona AF, Cordeiro RD, Pinto LS. In vitro evaluation of ICDAS and radiographic examination of occlusal surfaces and their association with treatment decisions. Oper Dent. 2011;36(2):133\u201342.","journal-title":"Oper Dent"},{"key":"4934_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marwah N, Gopakumar M. Diagnostic aids in dental caries. Textbook Pediatr Dentistry, 2014, 506\u2013506.","DOI":"10.5005\/jp\/books\/12331_40"},{"issue":"1","key":"4934_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2008.00586.x","volume":"117","author":"AC Pereira","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pereira AC, Eggertsson H, Martinez-Mier EA, Mialhe FL, Eckert GJ, Zero DT. Validity of caries detection on occlusal surfaces and treatment decisions based on results from multiple caries\u2010detection methods. Eur J Oral Sci. 2009;117(1):51\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"4934_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2011.00655.x","volume":"40","author":"V Baelum","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baelum V, Hintze H, Wenzel A, Danielsen B, Nyvad B. Implications of caries diagnostic strategies for clinical management decisions. Commun Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2012;40(3):257\u201366.","journal-title":"Commun Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4934_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-02772-y","volume":"23","author":"R Cheuk","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cheuk R, Adeniyi A, Farmer J, Singhal S, Jessani A. Teledentistry use during the COVID-19 pandemic: perceptions and practices of Ontario dentists. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23(1):72.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"4934_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tikhonova S, Jessani A, Girard F, Macdonald ME, De Souza G, Tam L, Eggert FM, Nguyen-Ngoc C, Morin N, Aggarwal N, Schroth RJ. The Canadian Core Cariology Curriculum: outcomes of a national symposium. Journal of dental education. 2020;84(11):1245-53.","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.12313"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-024-04934-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-024-04934-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-024-04934-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]],"date-time":"2024-09-29T16:01:46Z","timestamp":1727625706000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12903-024-04934-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4934"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-024-04934-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The Western University Health Research Ethics Board granted ethical approval for this study. Informed consent was obtained by each participant prior to them filling out the survey.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"NA (Not Applicable).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1160"}}