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Here, we aimed to analyze tongue microbiota in children from the perspective of their breathing pattern before\/during orthodontic treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective case\u2013control study included 30 children with orthodontic anomalies, 15 with MB and 15 with nasal breathing (NB), matched by age, sex, and body mass index. All underwent orthodontic examination and sleep apnea monitoring. Tongue swabs were collected before starting (timepoint M0) and approx. six months into the orthodontic therapy (timepoint M6). Oral candidas and bacteriome were analyzed using mass spectrometry technique and 16S rRNA sequencing, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      MB was associated with higher apnea\u2013hypopnea index. At M0, oral candidas were equally present in both groups. At M6,\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. were found in six children with MB but in none with NB. No significant differences in bacterial diversity were observed between groups and timepoints. However, presence\/relative abundance of genus\n                      <jats:italic>Solobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      was higher in children with MB than NB at M0.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Significant links between MB and the presence of genus\n                      <jats:italic>Solobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      (M0) as well as\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. (M6) were found in children with orthodontic anomalies, highlighting the risk of halitosis in them.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-05062-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T04:02:44Z","timestamp":1729483364000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Tongue microbiota in relation to the breathing preference in children undergoing orthodontic treatment"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Zuzana","family":"Marincak Vrankova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Brenerova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenka","family":"Bodokyova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Bohm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filip","family":"Ruzicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Borilova Linhartova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"5062_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.2319\/angl-85-04-715-715.1","volume":"85","author":"J Mew","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mew J. 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Written informed consent was obtained from all parents or caregivers of participating children in line with the Declaration of Helsinki before inclusion in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1259"}}