{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T23:11:55Z","timestamp":1793142715806,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-05154-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T16:05:46Z","timestamp":1737475546000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Oral health promotion: a qualitative study to explore perspectives of kindergarten nurses at Qatar"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Asmaa","family":"Alkhtib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amal","family":"Alhatu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trina","family":"Parcelona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wafaa","family":"Al-Mulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safa A. Azim","family":"osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"5154_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jain N, Dutt U, Radenkov I, Jain S. WHO\u2019s global oral health status report 2022: Actions, discussion and implementation. Wiley Online Library; 2023.","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14516"},{"issue":"3","key":"5154_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12362","volume":"46","author":"P Phantumvanit","year":"2018","unstructured":"Phantumvanit P, Makino Y, Ogawa H, Rugg-Gunn A, Moynihan P, Petersen PE, et al. WHO global consultation on public health intervention against early childhood caries. Commun Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2018;46(3):280\u20137.","journal-title":"Commun Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5154_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12484","volume":"29","author":"N Tinanoff","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tinanoff N, Baez RJ, Diaz Guillory C, Donly KJ, Feldens CA, McGrath C, et al. Early childhood caries epidemiology, aetiology, risk assessment, societal burden, management, education, and policy: global perspective. Int J Pediatr Dent. 2019;29(3):238\u201348.","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Dent"},{"issue":"3","key":"5154_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2018.05.002","volume":"30","author":"W Al Ayyan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al Ayyan W, Al Halabi M, Hussein I, Khamis A, Kowash M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of primary teeth caries studies in Gulf Cooperation Council States. Saudi Dent J. 2018;30(3):175\u201382.","journal-title":"Saudi Dent J"},{"key":"5154_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-016-0267-z","volume":"16","author":"A Alkhtib","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alkhtib A, Ghanim A, Temple-Smith M, Messer LB, Pirotta M, Morgan M. Prevalence of early childhood caries and enamel defects in four and five-year old Qatari preschool children. BMC Oral Health. 2016;16:1\u20137.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"5154_CR6","first-page":"E205","volume":"61","author":"A Alkhtib","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alkhtib A, Temple-Smith M, Messer L, Pirotta M, Morgan M, Sajnani A. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of primary health care providers towards oral health of preschool children in Qatar. J Prev Med Hyg. 2020;61(2):E205.","journal-title":"J Prev Med Hyg"},{"key":"5154_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kotha SB. Prevalence and risk factors of early childhood caries in the Middle East region: a systematic review: prevalence and risk factors of early childhood caries. J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol. 2022;29(03).","DOI":"10.47750\/jptcp.2022.937"},{"issue":"1","key":"5154_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02510-w","volume":"22","author":"A Balasooriyan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Balasooriyan A, Dedding C, Bonif\u00e1cio CC, Van Der Veen MH. Professionals\u2019 perspectives on how to address persistent oral health inequality among young children: an exploratory multi-stakeholder analysis in a disadvantaged neighbourhood of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22(1):488.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"5154_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.15644\/asc57\/1\/4","volume":"57","author":"E Bajri\u0107","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bajri\u0107 E, Arslanagi\u0107 A, Zukanovi\u0107 A, Duratbegovi\u0107 D, \u0160a\u010di\u0107-Selmanovi\u0107 L, Katana E, et al. Karijes u djece u javnim vrti\u0107ima u Sarajevu, Bosna i Hercegovina. Acta Stomatol Croatica: Int J oral Sci Dent Med. 2023;57(1):32\u201342.","journal-title":"Acta Stomatol Croatica: Int J oral Sci Dent Med"},{"key":"5154_CR10","volume-title":"A kindergarten-based oral health preventive approach for Hong Kong preschool children","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chai HH, Gao SS, Chen KJ, Duangthip D, Lo ECM, Chu CH, editors. A kindergarten-based oral health preventive approach for Hong Kong preschool children. Healthcare: MDPI; 2020."},{"issue":"4","key":"5154_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3390\/dj6040051","volume":"6","author":"A Alkhtib","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alkhtib A, Morawala A. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of mothers of preschool children about oral health in Qatar: a cross-sectional survey. Dentistry J. 2018;6(4):51.","journal-title":"Dentistry J"},{"issue":"1","key":"5154_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0001228","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001228","volume":"3","author":"AO Alkhtib","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alkhtib AO, Mohamed HG. Current knowledge about early childhood caries in the gulf cooperation council with worldwide reflection: scoping review of the scientific literature (2010\u20132021). PLOS Global Public Health. 2023;3(1):e0001228.","journal-title":"PLOS Global Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"5154_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03633-4","volume":"23","author":"AO Alkhtib","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alkhtib AO, Ali K, Sajnani AK, Anweigi L. Barriers and enablers for oral health promotion programs amongst primary healthcare stakeholders in Qatar\u2013a qualitative investigation. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23(1):924.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"5154_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2007.00010.x","volume":"53","author":"MG Gussy","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gussy MG, Waters E, Riggs E, Lo SK, Kilpatrick NM. Parental knowledge, beliefs and behaviours for oral health of toddlers residing in rural Victoria. Aust Dent J. 2008;53(1):52\u201360.","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"key":"5154_CR15","unstructured":"Ritchie J, Lewis J, Nicholls CM, Ormston R. Qualitative research practice: sage London; 2003."},{"key":"5154_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-019-0986-z","volume":"19","author":"R Shrivastava","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shrivastava R, Couturier Y, Simard-Lebel S, Girard F, Aguirre NVB, Torrie J, et al. Relational continuity of oral health care in indigenous communities: a qualitative study. BMC Oral Health. 2019;19:1\u20138.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"5154_CR17","first-page":"e43","volume":"29","author":"SB Kotha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kotha SB. Prevalence and risk factors of early childhood caries in the Middle East region: a systematic review. J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol. 2022;29(3):e43\u201357.","journal-title":"J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5154_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12783","volume":"31","author":"SE Uribe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Uribe SE, Innes N, Maldupa I. The global prevalence of early childhood caries: a systematic review with meta-analysis using the WHO diagnostic criteria. Int J Pediatr Dent. 2021;31(6):817\u201330.","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Dent"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"5154_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2006.00777.x","volume":"42","author":"MG Gussy","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gussy MG, Waters EG, Walsh O, Kilpatrick NM. Early childhood caries: current evidence for aetiology and prevention. J Paediatr Child Health. 2006;42(1\u20132):37\u201343.","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"5154_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12238","DOI":"10.1111\/jicd.12238","volume":"8","author":"F Javed","year":"2017","unstructured":"Javed F, Feng C, Kopycka-Kedzierawski DT. Incidence of early childhood caries: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis. J Invest Clin Dent. 2017;8(4):e12238.","journal-title":"J Invest Clin Dent"},{"issue":"4","key":"5154_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2012.01260.x","volume":"23","author":"PM Leong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Leong PM, Gussy MG, Barrow SYL, de Silva-Sanigorski A, Waters E. A systematic review of risk factors during first year of life for early childhood caries. Int J Pediatr Dent. 2013;23(4):235\u201350.","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"5154_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2007.00348.x","volume":"35","author":"RG Watt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Watt RG. From victim blaming to upstream action: tackling the social determinants of oral health inequalities. Commun Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2007;35(1):1\u201311.","journal-title":"Commun Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"5154_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2012.00719.x","volume":"40","author":"RG Watt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Watt RG. Social determinants of oral health inequalities: implications for action. Commun Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2012;40:44\u20138.","journal-title":"Commun Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"5154_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-2600","volume":"20","author":"F Alshammary","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alshammary F, Aljohani FA, Alkhuwayr FS, Siddiqui AA. Measurement of parents\u2019 knowledge toward oral health of their children: an observational study from Hail, Saudi Arabia. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2019;20(7):801\u20135.","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"key":"5154_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaushik M, Sood S. A systematic review of parents\u2019 knowledge of children\u2019s oral health. Cureus. 2023;15(7).","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.41485"},{"issue":"2","key":"5154_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3109\/00016359609006019","volume":"54","author":"L-K Wendt","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wendt L-K, Hallonsten A-L, Koch G, Birkhed D. Analysis of caries-related factors in infants and toddlers living in Sweden. Acta Odontol Scand. 1996;54(2):131\u20137.","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"issue":"2","key":"5154_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-7325.2010.00211.x","volume":"71","author":"JK Buerlein","year":"2011","unstructured":"Buerlein JK, Horowitz AM, Child WL. Perspectives of Maryland women regarding oral health during pregnancy and early childhood. J Public Health Dent. 2011;71(2):131\u20135.","journal-title":"J Public Health Dent"},{"key":"5154_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-021-01508-0","volume":"21","author":"S Bracksley-O\u2019Grady","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bracksley-O\u2019Grady S, Anderson K, Masood M. Oral health academics\u2019 conceptualisation of health promotion and perceived barriers and opportunities in dental practice: a qualitative study. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21:1\u201313.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"5154_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03458-1","volume":"23","author":"G Lienhart","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lienhart G, Elsa M, Farge P, Schott A-M, Thivichon-Prince B, Chaneli\u00e8re M. Factors perceived by health professionals to be barriers or facilitators to caries prevention in children: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23(1):767.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"5154_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2022.08.002","volume":"72","author":"CMC Volgenant","year":"2022","unstructured":"Volgenant CMC, Bras S, Persoon IF. Facilitators and barriers to implementing sustainability in oral Health Care. Int Dent J. 2022;72(6):847\u201352.","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"issue":"1","key":"5154_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02218-x","volume":"22","author":"F Kimmie-Dhansay","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kimmie-Dhansay F, Barrie R, Roberts T, Naidoo S. Maternal and infant risk factors and risk indicators associated with early childhood caries in South Africa: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22(1):183.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"5154_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1111\/jphd.12442","volume":"82","author":"EV Goldstein","year":"2022","unstructured":"Goldstein EV, Dick AW, Ross R, Stein BD, Kranz AM. Impact of state-level training requirements for medical providers on receipt of preventive oral health services for young children enrolled in Medicaid. J Public Health Dent. 2022;82(2):156\u201365.","journal-title":"J Public Health Dent"},{"issue":"2","key":"5154_CR33","first-page":"121","volume":"18","author":"S Cianetti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cianetti S, Lombardo G, Lupatelli E, Pagano S, Abraha I, Montedori A, et al. Dental fear\/anxiety among children and adolescents. A systematic review. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2017;18(2):121\u201330.","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"5154_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2021.103632","volume":"108","author":"ER Silveira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Silveira ER, Cademartori MG, Schuch HS, Armfield JA, Demarco FF. Estimated prevalence of dental fear in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent. 2021;108:103632.","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"5154_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Access GBDH, Quality Collaborators. Electronic address cue, Access GBDH, Quality C. Healthcare Access and Quality Index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132015: a novel analysis from the global burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet. 2017;390(10091):231\u201366.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30818-8"},{"issue":"11","key":"5154_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034516658612","volume":"95","author":"P Braun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Braun P, Quissell D, Henderson W, Bryant L, Gregorich S, George C, et al. A cluster-randomized, community-based, tribally delivered oral health promotion trial in Navajo Head Start children. J Dent Res. 2016;95(11):1237\u201344.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5154_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-021-01476-5","volume":"20","author":"G Kyoon-Achan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kyoon-Achan G, Schroth RJ, DeMar\u00e9 D, Sturym M, Edwards JM, Sanguins J, et al. First Nations and Metis peoples\u2019 access and equity challenges with early childhood oral health: a qualitative study. Int J Equity Health. 2021;20(1):134.","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-024-05154-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-024-05154-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-024-05154-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T16:05:55Z","timestamp":1737475555000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12903-024-05154-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5154"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-024-05154-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 November 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"IRB approval: Ethics approval was obtained from the Human Ethics Research Committee at the University of Melbourne (#1034161), the Medical Research Centre at Hamad Medical Corporation in Qatar (# 10097).Ethical considerations for the study: this study had a low ethical risk level as there was no clinical intervention nor was there sensitive information obtained from participants. Participating in this study was voluntary and no pressure was put on participants to join the study. A plain language statement was distributed along with the consent form describing the study any possible risks and the measures taken to address them.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Research Ethics"}},{"value":"Informed and voluntary consent of participants was obtained after information was provided to participants about the purpose, methods, demands, risks, inconveniences, discomforts and possible outcomes of the research. This information was provided in a written Plain Language Statement. We confirm that all methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations (Declaration of Helsinki).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"109"}}