{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T01:39:39Z","timestamp":1790386779064,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]],"date-time":"2025-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740182400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]],"date-time":"2025-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008893","name":"University of Iowa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008893","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-05654-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]],"date-time":"2025-02-22T15:24:39Z","timestamp":1740237879000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparative evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of chemomechanical (Papacarie) and conventional mechanical caries removal methods in treatment of carious primary molars: a randomized controlled clinical study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0500-0902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bimbola Opeyemi","family":"Akindele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6363-4949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"O. O.","family":"Orenuga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1395-8261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"O. O.","family":"Olatosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1488-3345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. O.","family":"Oladele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"5654_CR1","first-page":"3","volume":"21","author":"R Bagramian","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bagramian R, Garcia-Godoy F, Volpe A. The global increase in dental caries. A pending public health crisis. Am J Dent. 2009;21:3\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Dent"},{"key":"5654_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-14-76","volume":"14","author":"MO Folayan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Folayan MO, Chukwumah NM, Onyejaka N, Adeniyi AA, Olatosi OO. Appraisal of the national response to the caries epidemic in children in Nigeria. BMC Oral Health. 2014;14:1\u201310.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"5654_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2012.1007","volume":"213","author":"JDB Featherstone","year":"2012","unstructured":"Featherstone JDB, Dom\u00e9jean S. Minimal intervention dentistry: part 1. From compulsive restorative dentistry to rational therapeutic strategies. Br Dent J. 2012;213(9):441\u20135.","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"issue":"9","key":"5654_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4800515a","volume":"188","author":"A Banerjee","year":"2000","unstructured":"Banerjee A, Watson TF, Kidd EAM. Dentine caries excavation: a review of current clinical techniques. Br Dent J. 2000;188(9):476\u201382.","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"issue":"4","key":"5654_CR5","first-page":"145","volume":"15","author":"L Pathivada","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pathivada L, Krishna M, Kalra M, Ivekanandan G, Singh J, Navit S. Clinical evaluation of a papain-based gel for the chemo-mechanical removal of caries in children. Oral Heal Dent Manag. 2016;15(4):145\u20139.","journal-title":"Oral Heal Dent Manag"},{"key":"5654_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65159-x","volume":"10","author":"TML Santos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Santos TML, Bresciani E, Matos F, desouza, Camargo SEA, Hidalgo APT, Rivera LML, et al. Comparison between conventional and chemomechanical approaches for the removal of carious dentin. Sci Rep. 2020;10:1\u201310.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5654_CR7","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"P Bhatiya","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bhatiya P, Thosar N. Minimal invasive dentistry \u2013 an emerging trend in pediatric dentistry: a review. Int J Contemp Dent Med Rev. 2015;2:1\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Contemp Dent Med Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"5654_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-237X.107420","volume":"3","author":"R Anegundi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Anegundi R, Patil S, Shetty S, Tegginmani V. A comparative microbiological study to assess caries excavation by conventional rotary method and a chemo-mechanical method. Contemp Clin Dent. 2012;3(4):388\u201392.","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Dent"},{"issue":"2","key":"5654_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.17796\/jcpd.39.2.n25754863557k727","volume":"39","author":"PA Goyal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Goyal PA, Kumari R, Kannan VP, Madhu S. Efficacy and tolerance of papain gel with conventional drilling method: a clinico-microbiological study. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2015;39(2):109\u201312.","journal-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"5654_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/2278-9626.172734","volume":"5","author":"M Almaz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Almaz M, S\u00f6nmez I, Oba A. Comparison of chemomechanical caries removal using Papac\u00e1rie versus conventional method in children. Eur J Gen Dent. 2016;5(1):1\u20135.","journal-title":"Eur J Gen Dent"},{"key":"5654_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12214","volume":"59","author":"H Hamama","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hamama H, Yiu C, Burrow M. Current update of chemomechanical caries removal methods. Aust Dent J. 2014;59:446\u201356.","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"issue":"4","key":"5654_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-775720130488","volume":"22","author":"LJ Motta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Motta LJ, Bussadori SK, Campanelli AP, da Silva AL, Alfaya TA, de Godoy CHL, et al. Randomized controlled clinical trial of long-term chemo-mechanical caries removal using Papacarie\u2122 gel. J Appl Oral Sci. 2014;22(4):307\u201313.","journal-title":"J Appl Oral Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"5654_CR13","first-page":"660","volume":"3","author":"A Bhardwaj","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bhardwaj A, Bhardwaj SV. Papacarie containing papain: a natural chemomechanical caries removal. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci. 2012;3(2):660\u20136.","journal-title":"Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5654_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.21608\/edj.2016.95086","volume":"62","author":"H Elkafrawy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elkafrawy H, Hosary A, Ghoname N, Abozena N. Microbiological, histological and microhardness evaluation of dentin after caries removal with Papac\u00e1rie and conventional methods in primary teeth. Egypt Dent J. 2016;62(1):683\u201394.","journal-title":"Egypt Dent J"},{"issue":"2","key":"5654_CR15","first-page":"123","volume":"76","author":"M Martins","year":"2009","unstructured":"Martins M, Fernandes K, Motta L, Santos E, Pavesi V, Bussadori S. Biocompatibility analysis of chemomechanical caries removal material Papac\u00e1rie on cultured fibroblasts and subcutaneous tissue. J Dent Child. 2009;76(2):123\u20139.","journal-title":"J Dent Child"},{"issue":"5","key":"5654_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2014(05)04","volume":"69","author":"LJ Motta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Motta LJ, Bussadori SK, Campanelli AP, Da Silva AL, Alfaya TA, De Godoy CHL, et al. Efficacy of papacarie\u00ae in reduction of residual bacteria in deciduous teeth: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Clinics. 2014;69(5):319\u201322.","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"issue":"3","key":"5654_CR17","first-page":"193","volume":"10","author":"S Singh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Singh S, Singh DJ, Jaidka S, Somani R. Comparative clinical evaluation of chemomechanical caries removal agent Papacarie\u00ae with conventional method among rural population in India - in vivo study. Braz J Oral Sci. 2011;10(3):193\u20138.","journal-title":"Braz J Oral Sci"},{"key":"5654_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-1275","volume":"8","author":"S Chowdhry","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chowdhry S, Garg A, Chowdhry P. Recent vs conventional methods of caries removal: a comparative in vivo study in pediatric patients. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2015;8:6\u201311.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"5654_CR19","unstructured":"Center for disease and prevention. guidance for dental settings: interim infection prevention and control guidance for dental settings during the coronavirus disease pandemic [Internet]. 2020. Available from: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/hcp\/dental-settings.html"},{"issue":"6","key":"5654_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.03.015","volume":"141","author":"N Pandis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pandis N. Sample calculation for split-mouth designs. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2012;141(6):818\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"8","key":"5654_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665620969570","volume":"58","author":"IG Isiekwe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Isiekwe IG, Ligali TO, Abdullahi MA, Adeyemo WL. Oral habits in children with orofacial clefts: a comparative study. Am Cleft Palate Craniofac Assoc. 2021;58(8):984\u20139.","journal-title":"Am Cleft Palate Craniofac Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"5654_CR22","first-page":"1","volume":"138","author":"AAP","year":"2016","unstructured":"AAP. Informed consent in decision- making in pediatric practice. Paediatrics. 2016;138(2):1\u20137.","journal-title":"Paediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"5654_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1159\/000261571","volume":"27","author":"EA Kidd","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kidd EA, Joyston-Bechal S, Beighton D. Microbiological validation of assessments of caries activity during cavity preparation. Caries Res. 1993;27(5):404\u20138.","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5654_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-1093","volume":"13","author":"MR Bohari","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bohari MR, Chunawalla YK, Ahmed BMN. Clinical evaluation of caries removal in primary teeth using conventional, chemomechanical and laser technique: an in vivo study. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2012;13(1):40\u20137.","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"key":"5654_CR25","unstructured":"Pitts N, Zero D. White paper on dental caries prevention and management: a summary of the current evidence and the key issues in controlling this preventable disease. FDI World Dent Fed. 2016;1\u201359."},{"key":"5654_CR26","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"N Pitts","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pitts N, Zero D, Philip M, Ekstrand K. Dental Caries. Nat Rev Dis. 2017;3:1\u201344.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"5654_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2013.106","volume":"214","author":"A Banerjee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Banerjee A. Minimal intervention dentistry: part 7. Minimally invasive operative caries management: rationale and techniques. Br Dent J. 2013;214(3):107\u201311.","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"issue":"5","key":"5654_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/idj.12007","volume":"62","author":"JE Frencken","year":"2012","unstructured":"Frencken JE, Peters MC, Manton DJ, Leal SC, Gordan VV, Eden E. Minimal intervention dentistry for managing dental caries - a review: report of a FDI task group. Int Dent J. 2012;62(5):223\u201343.","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"issue":"1","key":"5654_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2007.0020","volume":"138","author":"MR Inglehart","year":"2007","unstructured":"Inglehart MR, Habil P, Peters MC, Flamenbaum MH, Eboda NN, Feigal RJ. Chemomechanical caries removal in children. J Am Dent Assoc. 2007;138(1):47\u201355.","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"5654_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-36092-x","volume":"8","author":"F Bottega","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bottega F, Bussadori SK, Battisti IDE, Vieira EP, Pompeo TS, Winkelmann ER. Costs and benefits of papacarie in pediatric dentistry: a randomized clinical trial. Sci Rep. 2018;8:1\u201320.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"5654_CR31","first-page":"34","volume":"3","author":"M Ganesh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ganesh M, Parikh D. Chemomechanical caries removal (CMCR) agents: review and clinical application in primary teeth. J Dent Oral Hyg. 2011;3(3):34\u201345.","journal-title":"J Dent Oral Hyg"},{"issue":"2","key":"5654_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.21608\/edj.2016.97001","volume":"62","author":"MM Soliman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Soliman MM, Kabil NS, Abou El Fadl RK. Assessment of the performance of papain based gel in caries removal from primary teeth \u2013 an in vivo study. Egypt Dent J. 2016;62(2):1377\u201384.","journal-title":"Egypt Dent J"},{"issue":"5","key":"5654_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5005\/jcdp-10-5-1","volume":"10","author":"N Aslaminabad","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aslaminabad N, Oskouei SG. Dental Treatment Duration as an Indicator of the Behavior of 3- to 9- year-old Pediatric patients in Clinical Dental Settings. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2009;10(5):1\u201310.","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"5654_CR34","first-page":"68","volume":"12","author":"Z Jamali","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jamali Z, Najafpour E, Adhami ZE, Deljavan AS, Aminabadi NA, Shirazi S. Does the length of dental treatment influence children\u2019s behaviour during and after treatment? A systematic review and critical appraisal. Tabriz Univ Med Sci. 2018;12(1):68\u201376.","journal-title":"Tabriz Univ Med Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"5654_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.118393","volume":"24","author":"SFB Matsumoto","year":"2013","unstructured":"Matsumoto SFB, Motta LJ, Alfaya TA, Guedes C, cardoso, Fernandes KPS, Bussadori SK. Assessment of chemomechanical removal of carious lesions using papacarie duo: randomized longitudinal clinical trial. Indian J Dent Res. 2013;24(4):488\u201392.","journal-title":"Indian J Dent Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5654_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.17796\/jcpd.36.1.u2421l4j68847215","volume":"36","author":"GK Kochhar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kochhar GK, Srivastava N, Pandit IK, Gugnani NGM. An evaluation of different caries removal techniques in primary teeth: a comparitive clinical study. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2011;36(1):5\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"issue":"3","key":"5654_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.17796\/1053-4628-41.3.219","volume":"41","author":"AMG Abdul Khalek","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abdul Khalek AMG, Elkateb MA, Abdel Aziz WE, El Tantawi M. Effect of papacarie and alternative restorative treatment on pain reaction during caries removal among children: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2017;41(3):219\u201324.","journal-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"5654_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.4103\/sjmms.sjmms_104_18","volume":"8","author":"J AlHumaid","year":"2019","unstructured":"AlHumaid J. Efficacy and efficiency of Papacarie versus conventional method in caries removal in primary teeth: an SEM study. Saudi J Med Med Sci. 2019;8(1):41\u20135.","journal-title":"Saudi J Med Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"5654_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-4388.66739","volume":"8","author":"D Jawa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jawa D, Sigh S, Somani R, Jaidka S, Sirkar K, Jaidka R. Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of chemomechanical caries removal agent (papacarie) and conventional method of caries removal: an in vitro study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2010;8(2):73\u20137.","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"5654_CR40","first-page":"22","volume":"83","author":"S Hedge","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hedge S, Kakti A, Bolar DR, Bhaskar SA. Clinical efficiency of three caries removal systems: rotary excavation, carisov and papacarie. J Dent Child. 2016;83(1):22\u20138.","journal-title":"J Dent Child"},{"issue":"2","key":"5654_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.17796\/jcpd.34.2.f312p36g18463716","volume":"34","author":"RM Kotb","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kotb RM, Abdella AA, El Kateb MA, Ahmed AM. Clinical evaluation of Papacarie in primary teeth. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2009;34(2):117\u201323.","journal-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"issue":"4","key":"5654_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.2344\/14-27.1","volume":"62","author":"M Wong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wong M, Copp PE, Haas DA. Postoperative pain in children after dentistry under general anesthesia. Anesth Prog. 2015;62(4):140\u201352.","journal-title":"Anesth Prog"},{"key":"5654_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.2147\/CCIDE.S63626","volume":"8","author":"DP Appukuttan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Appukuttan DP. Strategies to manage patients with dental anxiety and dental phobia: literature review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2016;8:35\u201350.","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dent"},{"key":"5654_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/896381","volume":"2013","author":"LJ Motta","year":"2013","unstructured":"Motta LJ, Bussadori SK, Campanelli AP, Luis A, Alfaya TA, Haddad C, et al. Pain during removal of carious lesions in children: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Int J Dent. 2013;2013:1\u20134.","journal-title":"Int J Dent"},{"key":"5654_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9113407","volume":"9","author":"M Cardoso","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cardoso M, Coelho A, Lima R, Paula A, Carrilho E. Efficacy and patient\u2019s Acceptance of Alternative methods for caries removal \u2014 a systematic review. J Clin Med. 2020;9:1\u201326.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"5654_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12364","volume":"28","author":"Y Deng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Deng Y, Feng G, Hu B, Kuang Y, Song J. Effects of Papacarie on children with dental caries in primary teeth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2018;28(4):361\u201372.","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"issue":"2","key":"5654_CR47","first-page":"105","volume":"1","author":"I Farooq","year":"2014","unstructured":"Farooq I. Air abrasion: truly minimally invasive technique. Int J Prosthodont Endod. 2014;1(2):105\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont Endod"},{"issue":"2","key":"5654_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-1523","volume":"15","author":"SK Bussadori","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bussadori SK, Godoy CH, Alfaya TA, Fernandes kristianne PS, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, Motta LJ. Chemo-mechanical caries removal with PapacarieTM: Case Series with 84 reports and 12 months of follow-up. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2014;15(2):255\u20138.","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"key":"5654_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.2174\/1874210601509010462","volume":"9","author":"VP Maru","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maru VP, Shakuntala BS, Nagarathna C. Caries removal by chemomechanical (Carisolv) vs. rotary drill: a systematic review. Open Dent J. 2015;9:462\u201372.","journal-title":"Open Dent J"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-025-05654-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-025-05654-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-025-05654-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]],"date-time":"2025-02-22T15:26:39Z","timestamp":1740237999000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12903-025-05654-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5654"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-025-05654-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All experiments were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and ethical approval was obtained from the Health Research and Ethics Committee (HREC) of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. The HREC number is ADM\/DCST\/HREC\/APP\/4332.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"forms were signed by parents of the participants while assent was obtained from the children 7 years and above.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"290"}}