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The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Scale. Quantitative synthesis was performed using the inverse variance method or Mantel\u2013Haenszel method, depending on the type of outcome analyzed. Measures of association included odds ratios and mean differences, employing a random-effects model with a 95% confidence interval.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 585 studies were identified, of which 17 were selected for qualitative review and 15 were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed a significantly higher risk of dental caries in children and adolescents with HIV undergoing antiretroviral therapy compared to those without the virus (odds ratio of 2.11; 95% CI: 1.41\u20133.17). Subgroup analysis showed a stronger association in case\u2013control studies and for the DMFT index. The certainty of the evidence according to GRADE was rated as very low.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Despite limited certainty, the results suggest that HIV under antiretroviral therapy is associated with a higher risk of dental caries. It is prudent to interpret these results with caution, considering the methodological limitations of the studies. However, given the possible relevance of this association for public health, it is recommended to consider specific dental care protocols for children and adolescents with HIV, as well as the need for preventive strategies integrated into HIV management.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-06015-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]],"date-time":"2025-05-10T04:08:12Z","timestamp":1746850092000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association between antiretroviral therapy and dental caries in children and adolescents with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"Aguirre-Ipenza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Bautista-Pariona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yolanda","family":"Viguria-Chavez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro Hector","family":"Huapaya-Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franz Tito","family":"Coronel-Zubiate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara Antonieta","family":"Luj\u00e1n-Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elda","family":"Amaya-Riveros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heber Isac","family":"Arbildo-Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"6015_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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