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Thus, no ethical approval was required further to conduct the study.The Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) is a survey of individuals aged 45 and older and their spouses irrespective of their age. The survey was conducted by International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai; the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health (HSPH), Boston; and the University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles. To conduct the survey, the aforementioned institutes obtained the ethical approvals from the following collaborating organizations: Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Delhi; IRB, International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai; IRB, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (HSPH), Boston; IRB, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles; IRB, ICMR National AIDS Research Institute (NARI), Pune; and IRB, Regional Geriatric Centres (RGCs), MoHFW. The survey agencies conducted the fieldwork after obtaining prior consent from the respondents.As part of the implementing the survey, survey participants were informed of the survey\u2019s purpose, measures to protect their privacy, and the safety of health assessments as part of the informed consent process. In line with human subject protection protocols, four consent forms were utilized in LASI: household informed consent, individual informed consent, consent for dried blood sample collection for storage and future use, and consent for proxy interviews. Additionally, following recommended ethical guidelines, participants were provided with a copy of the consent forms, a biomarker results report card, and referral letters to public health facilities if any health measurements were found to be outside the normal range.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"737"}}