{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T19:21:52Z","timestamp":1770837712330,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747180800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research Fund Graduate Program of Education Department of Yunnan Province","award":["2024Y240"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024Y240"]}]},{"name":"Graduate Education Innovation Fund Project of Kunming Medical University","award":["2024S041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024S041"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"The National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82260184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82260184"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Scientific and technological innovation team of multi-stage and multidisciplinary integration prevention and treatment of malocclusion deformities of Kunming Medical University","award":["CXTD202213"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXTD202213"]}]},{"name":"Key project of Yunnan Provincial Basic Research Program","award":["202501AS070168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202501AS070168"]}]},{"name":"Medical discipline leader of Yunnan Province","award":["D-2024026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D-2024026"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-06119-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T11:39:17Z","timestamp":1747222757000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of maxillary molar distalization using clear aligners during the mixed dentition and early permanent dentition with 3 types of Class II traction: a three-dimensional finite element analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meiying","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yumiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengle","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junhan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Congchong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"6119_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-04432-1","volume":"24","author":"H Amro","year":"2024","unstructured":"Amro H, Najjar S, Owda M, Elayyan F. A comprehensive national survey on malocclusion prevalence among Palestinian children. BMC Oral Health. 2024;24(1):664.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"6119_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Ridder L, Aleksieva A, Willems G, Declerck D, Cadenas de Llano-P\u00e9rula M. Prevalence of Orthodontic Malocclusions in Healthy Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(12):7446.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19127446"},{"issue":"3","key":"6119_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjn116","volume":"31","author":"CJ Lux","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lux CJ, D\u00fccker B, Pritsch M, Komposch G, Niekusch U. Occlusal status and prevalence of occlusal malocclusion traits among 9-year-old schoolchildren. Eur J Orthod. 2009;31(3):294\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"3","key":"6119_CR4","first-page":"231","volume":"14","author":"C Grippaudo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Grippaudo C, Pantanali F, Paolantonio EG, Saulle R, Latorre G, Deli R. Orthodontic treatment timing in growing patients. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2013;14(3):231\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"6119_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-016-0126-0","volume":"17","author":"S Ravera","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ravera S, Castroflorio T, Garino F, Daher S, Cugliari G, Deregibus A. Maxillary molar distalization with aligners in adult patients: a multicenter retrospective study. Prog Orthod. 2016;17:12.","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"issue":"10","key":"6119_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2845","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13102845","volume":"13","author":"TH Park","year":"2024","unstructured":"Park TH, Shen C, Chung CH, Li C. Vertical Control in Molar Distalization by Clear Aligners: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2024;13(10):2845.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"6119_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb15060137","volume":"15","author":"C Shen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shen C, Park TH, Chung CH, Li C. Molar Distalization by Clear Aligners with Sequential Distalization Protocol: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Funct Biomater. 2024;15(6):137.","journal-title":"J Funct Biomater"},{"issue":"4","key":"6119_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2941","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20042941","volume":"20","author":"V D'Ant\u00f2","year":"2023","unstructured":"D\u2019Ant\u00f2 V, Valletta R, Ferretti R, Bucci R, Kirlis R, Rongo R. Predictability of Maxillary Molar Distalization and Derotation with Clear Aligners: A Prospective Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(4):2941.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"6119_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.2319\/061614-436.1","volume":"85","author":"G Rossini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rossini G, Parrini S, Castroflorio T, Deregibus A, Debernardi CL. Efficacy of clear aligners in controlling orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review. Angle Orthod. 2015;85(5):881\u20139.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"1","key":"6119_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-018-0695-z","volume":"19","author":"Y Ke","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ke Y, Zhu Y, Zhu M. A comparison of treatment effectiveness between clear aligner and fixed appliance therapies. BMC Oral Health. 2019;19(1):24.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"6119_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebdp.2024.102081","volume":"25","author":"M Baneshi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Baneshi M, O\u2019Malley L, El-Angbawi A, Thiruvenkatachari B. EFFECTIVENESS OF CLEAR ORTHODONTIC ALIGNERS IN CORRECTING MALOCCLUSIONS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2025;25(1): 102081.","journal-title":"J Evid Based Dent Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"6119_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2003.02.002","volume":"125","author":"GS Kinzinger","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kinzinger GS, Fritz UB, Sander FG, Diedrich PR. Efficiency of a pendulum appliance for molar distalization related to second and third molar eruption stage. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004;125(1):8\u201323.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"6119_CR13","unstructured":"Nolla C M. The development of permanent teeth [M]. University of Michigan, 1952."},{"issue":"24","key":"6119_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1940.02810500078046","volume":"115","author":"JO McCall","year":"1940","unstructured":"McCall JO, Wald SS. Clinical dental roentgenology: technic and interpretation including roentgen studies of the child and young adult. JAMA. 1940;115(24):2110.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"6119_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1940.0367","volume":"27","author":"I Schour","year":"1940","unstructured":"Schour I, Massler M. Studies in tooth development: The growth pattern of human teeth. J Am Dent Assoc. 1940;27:1918\u201331.","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"6119_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2023.03.021","volume":"164","author":"I Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim I, Park SH, Choi YJ, Lee JH, Chung CJ, Kim KH. Factors influencing the successful eruption of the maxillary third molar after extraction of the maxillary second molar. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2023;164(5):636\u201345.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"6119_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-023-00500-4","volume":"24","author":"Z Miao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Miao Z, Zhang H, Yang Y, Han Y, Leng J, Wang S. Influence of maxillary molar distalization with clear aligners on three-dimensional direction: molar distal movement, intrusion, distal tip and crown buccal torque. Prog Orthod. 2023;24(1):48.","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"issue":"6","key":"6119_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.2319\/101507-406.1","volume":"78","author":"GS Antonarakis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Antonarakis GS, Kiliaridis S. Maxillary molar distalization with noncompliance intramaxillary appliances in Class II malocclusion. A systematic review Angle Orthod. 2008;78(6):1133\u201340.","journal-title":"A systematic review Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"6119_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-4388.191411","volume":"34","author":"PS Marure","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marure PS, Patil RU, Reddy S, Prakash A, Kshetrimayum N, Shukla R. The effectiveness of pendulum, K-loop, and distal jet distalization techniques in growing children and its effects on anchor unit: A comparative study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2016;34(4):331\u201340.","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent"},{"issue":"4","key":"6119_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2023.07.007","volume":"164","author":"X Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu X, Wang W, Gao J, Qin W, Wen Y, Luo H, Ma Y, Jin Z. Actual contribution ratio of maxillary and mandibular molars for total molar relationship correction during maxillary molar sequential distalization using clear aligners with Class II elastics: A finite element analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2023;164(4):e106\u201320.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"6119_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-023-00493-0","volume":"24","author":"J Gao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gao J, Guo D, Zhang X, Cheng Y, Zhang H, Xu Y, Jin Z, Ma Y. Biomechanical effects of different staging and attachment designs in maxillary molar distalization with clear aligner: a finite element study. Prog Orthod. 2023;24(1):43.","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"key":"6119_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-016-0121-5","volume":"17","author":"OM Tanaka","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tanaka OM, Saga AY, Pithon MM, Argenta MA. Stresses in the midpalatal suture in the maxillary protraction therapy: a 3D finite element analysis. Prog Orthod. 2016;17:8.","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"issue":"1","key":"6119_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1702254","volume":"14","author":"MAA Hakim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hakim MAA, Khatab NMA, Mohamed KMG, Elheeny AAH. A Comparative Three-Dimensional Finite Element Study of Two Space Regainers in the Mixed Dentition Stage. Eur J Dent. 2020;14(1):107\u201314.","journal-title":"Eur J Dent"},{"key":"6119_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149472","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1149472","volume":"11","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Gao J, Wang X, Wang J, Zhang X, Fang S, Wang W, Ma Y, Jin Z. Biomechanical factors in the open gingival embrasure region during the intrusion of mandibular incisors: A new model through finite element analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023;11:1149472.","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6119_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-018-0221-5","volume":"19","author":"L Lombardo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lombardo L, Colonna A, Carlucci A, Oliverio T, Siciliani G. Class II subdivision correction with clear aligners using intermaxilary elastics. Prog Orthod. 2018;19(1):32.","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"issue":"1","key":"6119_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-04697-6","volume":"24","author":"I Mart\u00ednez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez I, Oyonarte R, Concha G, Brizuela C. Orthodontic movement after regenerative endodontic procedure in mature permanent tooth associated with dens invaginatus: a case report with 4-year follow-up. BMC Oral Health. 2024;24(1):969.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"6119_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12771","volume":"27","author":"K Johansson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Johansson K, Matilainen LB, Wiaderny M, Berlin H, Klingberg G, Ghiasi H, Brechter A, Paulsson L. Self-reported pain during different phases of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance: A multi-centre randomized controlled trial in adolescents with crowding. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2024;27(4):560\u201371.","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"6119_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.2319\/122919-844.1","volume":"90","author":"AF Borda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Borda AF, Garfinkle JS, Covell DA, Wang M, Doyle L, Sedgley CM. Outcome assessment of orthodontic clear aligner vs fixed appliance treatment in a teenage population with mild malocclusions. Angle Orthod. 2020;90(4):485\u201390.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"6119_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2015.00307","volume":"6","author":"HU Luder","year":"2015","unstructured":"Luder HU. Malformations of the tooth root in humans. Front Physiol. 2015;6:307.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"6119_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(88)80010-6","volume":"93","author":"T Bridges","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bridges T, King G, Mohammed A. The effect of age on tooth movement and mineraldensity in the alveolar tissues of the rat. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1988;93:245\u201350.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"6119_CR31","first-page":"67","volume":"67","author":"S Kyomen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kyomen S, Tanne K. Influences of aging changes in proliferative rate of PDL cells during experimental tooth movement in rats. Angle Orthod. 1997;67:67\u201372.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"6119_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2022.2073789","volume":"26","author":"L Ji","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ji L, Li B, Wu X. Evaluation of biomechanics using different traction devices in distalization of maxillary molar with clear aligners: a finite element study. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin. 2023;26(5):559\u201367.","journal-title":"Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin"},{"issue":"3","key":"6119_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2023.2183735","volume":"27","author":"J Cui","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cui J, Yao C, Zhang Z, Zhang T, Cao Y, Liu T, Li B, Wu X. Maxillary molar distalization treated with clear aligners combined with mini-implants and angel button using different traction force: a finite element study. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin. 2024;27(3):296\u2013305.","journal-title":"Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin"},{"issue":"1","key":"6119_CR34","first-page":"47","volume":"10","author":"CL Xun","year":"2003","unstructured":"Xun CL, Zeng XL, Wang X. New methods of orthodontic anchorage: development and application of implant anchorage system. J Orthod. 2003;10(1):47\u201350.","journal-title":"J Orthod"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-025-06119-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-025-06119-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-025-06119-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T11:39:21Z","timestamp":1747222761000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12903-025-06119-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6119"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-025-06119-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki principles for medical research involving human subjects and was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, and the approval number is KYKQ2023MEC0115. The participants and their parents were asked to sign that they agreed to participate in the study. Informed consent to participate and their parents was obtained from all the participants in this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"717"}}