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This study aims to identify evidence-based familial factors to increase the risk-based management of ECC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 405 children (aged 0\u201372 months) presented to the pediatric dentistry department within 2 years were observed via a dental mirror and explorer under dental unit lighting. ECC was diagnosed via visual examination using World Health Organization (WHO) and International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) scores. A total of 405 mothers and 399 fathers were interviewed in this study, and a questionnaire regarding parental variables was completed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Most parents with low education levels visit the dental clinic when their child experiences pain or any complaint within 0\u201372 months. Maternal age was found to affect DMFT (Decayed, Missed, and Filled Permanent Teeth) scores. A statistically significant difference was found between the mean DMFT score according to the age of the mother at the time of delivery (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.045). This study revealed a greater tendency of parents with a high education status to use fluoride. Parents of children without ECC were significantly more likely to have good oral hygiene habits, especially those with dental floss.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ECC was found to be related to parents\u2019 habits and attention. Health providers should consider parents\u2019 knowledge, be aware of many aspects that could contribute to caries balance, and provide anticipatory guidance to parents regarding appropriate dental visits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-06140-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T13:03:26Z","timestamp":1749128606000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The effects of familial factors on the early childhood caries of preschool children: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0453-0167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeynep Asl\u0131","family":"G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cansu Bilge","family":"Karada\u011f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"6140_CR1","unstructured":"Tungare S, Paranjpe AG. 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