{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:31:33Z","timestamp":1787020293759,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747872000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Fund Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education","award":["22A0011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22A0011"]}]},{"name":"Health Research Project of Hunan Provincial Health Commission","award":["W20243113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W20243113"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004761","name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2025JJ60724"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JJ60724"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004761","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82103641"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82103641"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-06166-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T23:51:42Z","timestamp":1747871502000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Increased burden of lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancer in adolescents and young adults from 1990 to 2021"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Ruping","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiding","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuiting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"6166_CR1","first-page":"Cd006205","volume":"9","author":"A Bessell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bessell A, Glenny AM, Furness S, Clarkson JE, Oliver R, Conway DI, Macluskey M, Pavitt S, Sloan P, Worthington HV. Interventions for the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;9:Cd006205.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"6166_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034519894963","volume":"99","author":"M Du","year":"2020","unstructured":"Du M, Nair R, Jamieson L, Liu Z, Bi P. Incidence trends of lip, oral cavity, and pharyngeal cancers: global burden of disease 1990\u20132017. J Dent Res. 2020;99(2):143\u201351.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"6166_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2023.2960","volume":"9","author":"ARD Cunha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cunha ARD, Compton K, Xu R, Mishra R, Drangsholt MT, Antunes JLF, Kerr AR, Acheson AR, Lu D, Wallace LE, et al. The global, regional, and national burden of adult lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancer in 204 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. JAMA Oncol. 2023;9(10):1401\u201316.","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6166_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6071","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19822-6","volume":"11","author":"M Gormley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gormley M, Dudding T, Sanderson E, Martin RM, Thomas S, Tyrrell J, Ness AR, Brennan P, Munaf\u00f2 M, Pring M, et al. A multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis investigating smoking and alcohol consumption in oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):6071.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"24","key":"6166_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djr483","volume":"103","author":"VJ Cogliano","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cogliano VJ, Baan R, Straif K, Grosse Y, Lauby-Secretan B, El Ghissassi F, Bouvard V, Benbrahim-Tallaa L, Guha N, Freeman C, et al. Preventable exposures associated with human cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011;103(24):1827\u201339.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"9","key":"6166_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30608","volume":"140","author":"D Anantharaman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Anantharaman D, Abedi-Ardekani B, Beachler DC, Gheit T, Olshan AF, Wisniewski K, Wunsch-Filho V, Toporcov TN, Tajara EH, Levi JE, et al. Geographic heterogeneity in the prevalence of human papillomavirus in head and neck cancer. Int J Cancer. 2017;140(9):1968\u201375.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"6166_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13704","volume":"27","author":"S Warnakulasuriya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Warnakulasuriya S, Kujan O, Aguirre-Urizar JM, Bagan JV, Gonz\u00e1lez-Moles M, Kerr AR, Lodi G, Mello FW, Monteiro L, Ogden GR, et al. Oral potentially malignant disorders: A consensus report from an international seminar on nomenclature and classification, convened by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer. Oral Dis. 2021;27(8):1862\u201380.","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"6166_CR8","first-page":"182","volume":"35","author":"A Bleyer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bleyer A. The adolescent and young adult gap in cancer care and outcome. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2005;35(5):182\u2013217.","journal-title":"Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care"},{"key":"6166_CR9","unstructured":"The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Oncol 2022, 23(1):27\u201352."},{"issue":"2","key":"6166_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2021.100096","volume":"6","author":"A Ferrari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ferrari A, Stark D, Peccatori FA, Fern L, Laurence V, Gaspar N, Bozovic-Spasojevic I, Smith O, De Munter J, Derwich K, et al. Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with cancer: a position paper from the AYA Working Group of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) and the European Society for Paediatric Oncology (SIOPE). ESMO Open. 2021;6(2):100096.","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"6166_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2024.4392","volume":"179","author":"YS He","year":"2025","unstructured":"He YS, Cao F, Hu X, Liu YC, Tao SS, Wang P, Hou S, Pan HF. Time Trends in the Burden of Environmental Heat and Cold Exposure Among Children and Adolescents. JAMA Pediatr. 2025;179(1):55\u201364.","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"6166_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990\u20132013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2015, 385(9963):117\u2013171.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61682-2"},{"issue":"4","key":"6166_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.12.001","volume":"70","author":"Z Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu Z, Jiang Y, Yuan H, Fang Q, Cai N, Suo C, Jin L, Zhang T, Chen X. The trends in incidence of primary liver cancer caused by specific etiologies: results from the global burden of disease study 2016 and implications for liver cancer prevention. J Hepatol. 2019;70(4):674\u201383.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6166_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008953201688","volume":"11","author":"BF Hankey","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hankey BF, Ries LA, Kosary CL, Feuer EJ, Merrill RM, Clegg LX, Edwards BK. Partitioning linear trends in age-adjusted rates. Cancer Cause Control. 2000;11(1):31\u20135.","journal-title":"Cancer Cause Control"},{"key":"6166_CR15","unstructured":"Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980\u20132015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet 2016, 388(10053):1459\u20131544."},{"issue":"12","key":"6166_CR16","first-page":"Cd006205","volume":"12","author":"VM Bulsara","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bulsara VM, Worthington HV, Glenny AM, Clarkson JE, Conway DI, Macluskey M. Interventions for the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;12(12):Cd006205.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"6166_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104157","volume":"122","author":"S Su","year":"2022","unstructured":"Su S, Lipsky MS, Licari FW, Hung M. Comparing oral health behaviours of men and women in the United States. J Dent. 2022;122:104157.","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"6166_CR18","unstructured":"Healthcare Access and Quality Index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132015: a novel analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet 2017, 390(10091):231\u2013266."},{"issue":"6","key":"6166_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28643","volume":"135","author":"N Guha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guha N, Warnakulasuriya S, Vlaanderen J, Straif K. Betel quid chewing and the risk of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: a meta-analysis with implications for cancer control. Int J Cancer. 2014;135(6):1433\u201343.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"6166_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee CH, Ko AM, Warnakulasuriya S, Yin BL, Sunarjo, Zain RB, Ibrahim SO, Liu ZW, Li WH, Zhang SS et al: Intercountry prevalences and practices of betel-quid use in south, southeast and eastern Asia regions and associated oral preneoplastic disorders: an international collaborative study by Asian betel-quid consortium of south and east Asia. Int J Cancer 2011, 129(7):1741\u20131751.","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25809"},{"key":"6166_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-14-62","volume":"14","author":"MA Little","year":"2014","unstructured":"Little MA, Pokhrel P, Murphy KL, Kawamoto CT, Suguitan GS, Herzog TA. The reasons for betel-quid chewing scale: assessment of factor structure, reliability, and validity. BMC Oral Health. 2014;14:62.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"6166_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345221092751","volume":"101","author":"S Warnakulasuriya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Warnakulasuriya S, Chen THH. Areca Nut and Oral Cancer: Evidence from Studies Conducted in Humans. J Dent Res. 2022;101(10):1139\u201346.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"6166_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.123872","volume":"403","author":"N Adil","year":"2021","unstructured":"Adil N, Ali H, Siddiqui AJ, Ali A, Ahmed A, El-Seedi HR, Musharraf SG. Evaluation of cytotoxicity of areca nut and its commercial products on normal human gingival fibroblast and oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. J Hazard Mater. 2021;403:123872.","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"6166_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-3284-4-1","volume":"4","author":"DM Saman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Saman DM. A review of the epidemiology of oral and pharyngeal carcinoma: update. Head Neck Oncol. 2012;4:1.","journal-title":"Head Neck Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"6166_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2009.1009","volume":"207","author":"S Warnakulasuriya","year":"2009","unstructured":"Warnakulasuriya S. Causes of oral cancer\u2013an appraisal of controversies. Br Dent J. 2009;207(10):471\u20135.","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"issue":"1","key":"6166_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00224-3","volume":"6","author":"DE Johnson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Johnson DE, Burtness B, Leemans CR, Lui VWY, Bauman JE, Grandis JR. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020;6(1):92.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"1","key":"6166_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962012000100013","volume":"87","author":"RA Vieira","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vieira RA, Minicucci EM, Marques ME, Marques SA. Actinic cheilitis and squamous cell carcinoma of the lip: clinical, histopathological and immunogenetic aspects. An Bras Dermatol. 2012;87(1):105\u201314.","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"6166_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70017-6","volume":"11","author":"S Marur","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marur S, D\u2019Souza G, Westra WH, Forastiere AA. HPV-associated head and neck cancer: a virus-related cancer epidemic. Lancet Oncol. 2010;11(8):781\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"6166_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2005.02.001","volume":"41","author":"F Demarosi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Demarosi F, Lodi G, Carrassi A, Soligo D, Sardella A. Oral malignancies following HSCT: graft versus host disease and other risk factors. Oral Oncol. 2005;41(9):865\u201377.","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"6166_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2811","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23430","volume":"122","author":"DI Conway","year":"2008","unstructured":"Conway DI, Petticrew M, Marlborough H, Berthiller J, Hashibe M, Macpherson LM. Socioeconomic inequalities and oral cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. Int J Cancer. 2008;122(12):2811\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"6166_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2008.05.018","volume":"45","author":"S Petti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Petti S. Lifestyle risk factors for oral cancer. Oral Oncol. 2009;45(4\u20135):340\u201350.","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-025-06166-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-025-06166-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-025-06166-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T23:51:51Z","timestamp":1747871511000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12903-025-06166-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6166"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-025-06166-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not required as this study used secondary data aggregated at both country and global level (Research Ethics Committee of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"758"}}