{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T19:16:13Z","timestamp":1775416573643,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008069","name":"University of California, San Francisco","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Incisive Technologies Pty Ltd., Australia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The objective of this study was to compare two new non-cavitated caries lesion detector methods, LumiCare (LC) and BlueCheck (BC), to each other and to the traditional visual\/tactile method (TM) of non-cavitated enamel caries lesion detection on smooth surface lesions.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In this non-inferiority study, forty extracted human teeth with International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) level 1 and 2 smooth-surface lesions were evaluated in standard operatory conditions by three ICDAS-trained dentists using the traditional visual and tactile method, the LumiCare method, and the BlueCheck method of detection. For each endpoint of Sensitivity (Se) and Specificity (Sp), a generalized mixed model was fitted with positive (negative) agreement (yes\/no) as the outcome and method (LC or BC), evaluator and evaluator *method included as fixed effects.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Statistical analysis shows that the LumiCare and BlueCheck methods of detection are substantially equivalent and compare favorably to the traditional method of lesion detection. Inter-rater reliability and intra-rater reliability ratings were moderate to good.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study supports the indications for use for both LumiCare and BlueCheck as aids to visualization of early carious lesions. LumiCare and BlueCheck are substantially equivalent to each other in their ability to differentiate between demineralized enamel and sound enamel. Each may help to educate patients, monitor lesion progression following re-mineralizing therapy, and train beginning dentists in the use of ICDAS.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-06181-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T05:17:06Z","timestamp":1748495826000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessment of two novel methods for detecting non-cavitated, smooth surface enamel lesions: an in vitro study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Joel M.","family":"White","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pragati","family":"Nahar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Puja","family":"Kukreti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Mangum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Solterbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Plack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ram","family":"Vaderhobli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larry","family":"Jenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"6181_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1159\/000077763","volume":"38","author":"JM Ten Cate","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ten Cate JM. \u201cFluorides in caries prevention and control: empiricism or science,\u201d (in eng). 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Institutional Review Board was not required for using de-identified tooth specimens in an in vitro study. The samples used in this study were collected by the University of California, San Francisco School of Dentistry. Permission to use these materials was obtained from the University of California, San Francisco School of Dentistry.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publications"}},{"value":"At the time of the study, author JM was an executive of Incisive Technologies Pty Ltd. and has no financial interest in GreenMark Biomedical Inc.  Author RJ is a paid consultant for Incisive Technologies Pty Ltd. and has no financial interest in Incisive Technologies Pty Ltd or GreenMark Biomedical Inc. Author AS is an independent statistical consultant paid, for this study, by Incisive Technologies Pty Ltd. and has no other financial interest in Incisive Technologies Pty Ltd. or GreenMark Biomedical Inc. Author LJ is an independent writing consultant paid, for this study, by Incisive Technologies Pty. Ltd. and has no other financial interest in Incisive Technologies Pty Ltd. or GreenMark Biomedical Inc.  UCSF authors, PK and PN are dental students at UCSF and have no financial interest in Incisive Technologies Pty Ltd. or GreenMark Biomedical Inc. UCSF authors, JM, LP and RV are employees of UCSF and have no financial interest in either Incisive Technologies Pty Ltd. or GreenMark Biomedical Inc.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"843"}}