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Since radiotherapy may alter dental tissues and compromise bonding, this study evaluated how the timing of radiation exposure affects the microtensile bond strength (\u00b5TBS) of a universal adhesive to dentin with different application modes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty-two human third molars were used in this study. Mid-coronal dentin was prepared using a low-speed saw and polished with silicon carbide paper. The samples were randomly divided into 3 groups (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20096) according to the timing of radiation exposure (no radiation, control; radiation after restoration, F-RT; and radiation before restoration, RT-F). A single radiation dose of 70\u00a0Gy was administered to the samples after restoration (F-RT) and before restoration (RT-F). The samples were further divided into 2 subgroups according to the application mode of a universal adhesive (Single Bond Universal adhesive, 3\u00a0M Oral Care, St. Paul, MN, USA): etch-and-rinse (ER) or self-etch (SE) mode. After adhesive application, the resin composite was constructed and stored in distilled water at 37\u00a0\u00b0C for 24\u00a0h. Six resin-bonded teeth per group were processed for the \u00b5TBS test. The data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Duncan\u2019s test (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Fractured surfaces were observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Additional teeth were prepared for resin\u2012dentin interface observation (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091) and observed using an SEM.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The application mode of the universal adhesive had no influence on the \u00b5TBS of dentin, regardless of irradiation (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.670). The \u00b5TBS values of the control groups were not significantly different from those of the F-RT group but were significantly higher than those of the RT-F group for both application modes. The resin\u2012dentin interfaces of the samples were similar among the control, F-RT and RT-F groups. More abundant and longer resin tags were observed when the universal adhesive was bonded in ER mode.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with radiation after restoration, radiation before restoration resulted in an inferior bond strength. The application mode of a universal adhesive had no effect on the bond strength.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Restoration prior to the radiation procedure is an advisable strategy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-06226-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T11:58:56Z","timestamp":1748347136000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of radiation therapy on the dentin bond strength of a universal adhesive"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Pipop","family":"Saikaew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Hannongbua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Jianratanajit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Wongkertprayot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Chaiklahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Srimaneekarn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Prayongrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Eamsa-ard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AFMA","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Katekovit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Hidehiko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"6226_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.5935\/1808-8694.20130041","volume":"79","author":"AL Galbiatti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Galbiatti AL, Padovani-Junior JA, Maniglia JV, Rodrigues CD, Pavarino EC, Goloni-Bertollo EM. 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Ethical approval was obtained from the Faculty of Dentistry\/Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University Institutional Review Board (MU-DT\/PY-IRB 2018\/044.1610). All teeth used in the study were extracted for orthodontic purposes, with all personal identifiers removed to ensure anonymity. As the study involved the use of anonymized biological materials, informed consent was not required from the individuals from whom the teeth were obtained.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"812"}}