{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:08:47Z","timestamp":1791562127210,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020595","name":"Damascus University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["501100020595"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["501100020595"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-06316-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T16:01:32Z","timestamp":1748966492000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of the skeletal, dental, and soft-tissue changes after the en-masse retraction of upper anterior teeth stimulated by low-intensity electrical current: a randomized controlled clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Rashad I.","family":"Shaadouh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Y.","family":"Hajeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Khursheed","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kinda","family":"Sultan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ossama","family":"Aljabban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"6316_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.03.038","volume":"135","author":"S Kuroda","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kuroda S, Yamada K, Deguchi T, Kyung HM, Takano-Yamamoto T. Class II malocclusion treated with Miniscrew anchorage: comparison with traditional orthodontic mechanics outcomes. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2009;135(3):302\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.03.038.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"6316_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjt046","volume":"36","author":"S Al-sibaie","year":"2014","unstructured":"Al-sibaie S, Hajeer MY. Randomized controlled trial assessment of changes following en-masse Retraction with mini-implants anchorage compared to two-step Retraction with conventional anchorage in patients with class II division 1 malocclusion: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Orthod. 2014;36(3):275\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejo\/cjt046.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"6316_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.4103\/ccd.ccd_661_18","volume":"9","author":"HN Khlef","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khlef HN, Hajeer MY, Ajaj MA, Heshmeh O. Evaluation of treatment outcomes of En masse Retraction with temporary skeletal anchorage devices in comparison with Two-step Retraction with conventional anchorage in patients with Dentoalveolar protrusion: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. Contemp Clin Dent. 2018;9(4):513\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ccd.ccd_661_18.","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Dent"},{"issue":"4 SUPPL","key":"6316_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.12.015","volume":"145","author":"F Uribe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Uribe F, Padala S, Allareddy V, Nanda R. Patients\u2019, parents\u2019, and orthodontists\u2019 perceptions of the need for and costs of additional procedures to reduce treatment time. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2014;145(4 SUPPL):S65\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.12.015.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"6316_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4261248","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4261248","volume":"2022","author":"HN Khlef","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khlef HN, Hajeer MY. Is it possible to achieve favorable accelerated dental changes with no periodontal complications when Retracting upper anterior teeth assisted by flapless corticotomy compared to traditional corticotomy? A Two-Arm randomized. Sci World J. 2022;2022:4261248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/4261248.","journal-title":"Sci World J"},{"issue":"1","key":"6316_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-018-0161-9","volume":"14","author":"AMH Alfawal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alfawal AMH, Hajeer MY, Ajaj MA, Hamadah O, Brad B. Evaluation of piezocision and laser-assisted flapless corticotomy in the acceleration of canine retraction: A randomized controlled trial. Head Face Med. 2018;14(1):4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13005-018-0161-9.","journal-title":"Head Face Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"6316_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22337","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.22337","volume":"14","author":"RI Shaadouh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shaadouh RI, Hajeer MY, Mahmoud G, Murad RMT. Systematic review: is High-Energy laser therapy (HELT) with flapless corticotomy effective in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement?? Cureus. 2022;14(2):e22337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.22337.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"10","key":"6316_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2020\/45191.14149","volume":"14","author":"OR Sirri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sirri OR, Burhan AS, Hajeer MY, Nawaya FR, Abdulhadi A. Efficiency of corticision in accelerating leveling and alignment of crowded lower anterior teeth in young adult patients: A randomised controlled clinical trial. J Clin Diagn Res. 2020;14(10):26\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7860\/JCDR\/2020\/45191.14149.","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"6316_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.17219\/dmp\/110432","volume":"56","author":"GMF Al-imam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-imam GMF, Ajaj MA, Hajeer MY, Al-mdalal Y, Almashaal E. Evaluation of the effectiveness of piezocision-assisted flapless corticotomy in the Retraction of four upper incisors: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Dent Med Probl. 2019;56(4):385\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17219\/dmp\/110432.","journal-title":"Dent Med Probl"},{"issue":"1","key":"6316_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-04716-6","volume":"24","author":"FY Eid","year":"2024","unstructured":"Eid FY, El-Kalza AR. The effect of single versus multiple piezocisions on the rate of canine retraction: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Oral Health. 2024;24(1):1024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-024-04716-6.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"6316_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.06.017","volume":"144","author":"M Alikhani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alikhani M, Raptis M, Zoldan B, Sangsuwon C, Lee YB, Alyami B, et al. Effect of micro-osteoperforations on the rate of tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2013;144(5):639\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.06.017.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"8","key":"6316_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e44190","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.44190","volume":"15","author":"DT Alfailany","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alfailany DT, Hajeer MY, Al-Bitar MI, Alsino HI, Jaber ST, Brad B, et al. Effectiveness of flapless cortico-alveolar perforations using mechanical drills versus traditional corticotomy on the Retraction of maxillary canines in class II division 1 malocclusion: a three-arm randomized controlled clinical trial. Cureus. 2023;15(8):e44190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.44190.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"5","key":"6316_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39438","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.39438","volume":"15","author":"RI Shaadouh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shaadouh RI, Hajeer MY, Al-Sabbagh R, Alam MK, Mahmoud G, Idris G. A novel method to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement using Low-Intensity direct electrical current in patients requiring en-Masse Retraction of the upper anterior teeth: A preliminary clinical report. Cureus. 2023;15(5):e39438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.39438.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"6316_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-021-01684-z","volume":"21","author":"J Zheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zheng J, Yang K. Clinical research: low-level laser therapy in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21(1):324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-021-01684-z.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"6316_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10074","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-14280-0","volume":"12","author":"FY Eid","year":"2022","unstructured":"Eid FY, El-Kenany WA, Mowafy MI, El-Kalza AR, Guindi MA. A randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of two low-level laser irradiation protocols on the rate of canine Retraction. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):10074. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-14280-0.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"6316_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e51779","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.51779","volume":"16","author":"DT Alfailany","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alfailany DT, Hajeer MY, Awawdeh MA, Alam MK, Darwich KMA, Aljabban O, et al. Evaluation of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) associated with the acceleration of canine Retraction by piezosurgery in comparison with low-level laser therapy: a three-arm randomized controlled clinical trial. Cureus. 2024;16(1):e51779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.51779.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"5","key":"6316_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2008.38.5.337","volume":"38","author":"D-H Kim","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kim D-H, Park Y-G, Kang S-G. The effects of electrical current from a micro-electrical device on tooth movement. Korean J Orthod. 2008;38(5):337\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4041\/kjod.2008.38.5.337.","journal-title":"Korean J Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"6316_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2024.100921","volume":"22","author":"RI Shaadouh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shaadouh RI, Hajeer MY, Awawdeh MA, Jaber ST, Mahmoud GA, Almasri IA. Effectiveness of low-intensity electrical current in accelerating the en-masse Retraction of the upper anterior teeth following first-premolar extraction in young adult patients with class II division 1 malocclusion: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Int Orthod. 2024;22(4):100921. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ortho.2024.100921.","journal-title":"Int Orthod"},{"issue":"6","key":"6316_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjx015","volume":"39","author":"NI Tun\u00e7er","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tun\u00e7er NI, Arman-\u00d6z\u00e7irpici A, Oduncuo\u01e7lu BF, G\u00f6\u00e7men JS, Kantarci A. Efficiency of piezosurgery technique in Miniscrew supported en-masse retraction: A single-centre, randomized controlled trial. Eur J Orthod. 2017;39(6):586\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejo\/cjx015.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"6316_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e562","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.51586","volume":"6","author":"V Kasat","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kasat V, Gupta A, Ladda R, Kathariya M, Saluja H, Farooqui AA. Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) in dentistry- A review. J Clin Exp Dent. 2014;6(5):e562\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4317\/jced.51586.","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Dent"},{"issue":"6","key":"6316_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.10.025","volume":"134","author":"M Upadhyay","year":"2008","unstructured":"Upadhyay M, Yadav S, Patil S. Mini-implant anchorage for en-masse Retraction of maxillary anterior teeth: a clinical cephalometric study. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2008;134(6):803\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.10.025.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"6316_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.03.025","volume":"134","author":"M Upadhyay","year":"2008","unstructured":"Upadhyay M, Yadav S, Nagaraj K, Patil S. Treatment effects of mini-implants for en-masse Retraction of anterior teeth in bialveolar dental protrusion patients: A randomized controlled trial. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2008;134(1):18\u2013e291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.03.025.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"6316_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.2319\/013008-52.1","volume":"79","author":"M Upadhyay","year":"2009","unstructured":"Upadhyay M, Yadav S, Nagaraj K, Nanda R. Dentoskeletal and soft tissue effects of mini-implants in class II division 1 patients. Angle Orthod. 2009;79(2):240\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/013008-52.1.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"6","key":"6316_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2020.08.008","volume":"158","author":"HN Khlef","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khlef HN, Hajeer MY, Ajaj MA, Heshmeh O, Youssef N, Mahaini L. The effectiveness of traditional corticotomy vs flapless corticotomy in miniscrew-supported en-masse Retraction of maxillary anterior teeth in patients with class II division 1 malocclusion: A single-centered, randomized controlled clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2020;158(6):e111\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2020.08.008.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"6316_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.25259\/APOS_184_2020","volume":"11","author":"NR Zubair","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zubair NR, Ehsan AA, Sakrani H, Zubair NR, Ehsan AA, Sakrani H. Comparison of mean canine Retraction between healed and recently extracted site: a single center, randomized control trial. APOS Trends Orthod. 2021;11:132\u20139.","journal-title":"APOS Trends Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"6316_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.2319\/102921-797.1","volume":"92","author":"ES Abu Alhaija","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abu Alhaija ES, Al Shayeb RA, Al-Khateeb S, Daher HO, Daher SO. A comparative assessment of the amount and rate of orthodontic space closure toward a healed vs recent lower premolar extraction site. Angle Orthod. 2022;92(4):463\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/102921-797.1.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"6","key":"6316_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/19.6.711","volume":"19","author":"R H\u00e4sler","year":"1997","unstructured":"H\u00e4sler R, Schmid G, Ingervall B, Gebauer U. A clinical comparison of the rate of maxillary canine Retraction into healed and recent extraction sites\u2013a pilot study. Eur J Orthod. 1997;19(6):711\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejo\/19.6.711.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"6316_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.2319\/110522-757.1","volume":"93","author":"SG Almaasarani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Almaasarani SG, Rajeh N. A comparison of maxillary canine Retraction into healed and recent extraction sites using cone beam computed tomography: a randomized clinical trial. Angle Orthod. 2023;93(4):382\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/110522-757.1.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"6316_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/s0889-5406(98)70172-6","volume":"114","author":"AD Vardimon","year":"1998","unstructured":"Vardimon AD, Oren E, Ben-Bassat Y. Cortical bone remodeling\/tooth movement ratio during maxillary incisor Retraction with tip versus torque movements. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1998;114(5):520\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0889-5406(98)70172-6.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"6316_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(80)90222-5","volume":"77","author":"Z Davidovitch","year":"1980","unstructured":"Davidovitch Z, Finkelson MD, Steigman S, Shanfeld JL, Montgomery PC, Korostoff E. Electric currents, bone remodeling, and orthodontic tooth movement: II. Increase in rate of tooth movement and periodontal Cyclic nucleotide levels by combined force and electric current. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1980;77(1):33\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0002-9416(80)90222-5.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-025-06316-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-025-06316-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-025-06316-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T16:01:33Z","timestamp":1748966493000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12903-025-06316-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6316"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-025-06316-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This project was approved by the Local Ethics Research Committee at the University of Damascus Faculty of Dentistry (Reference number: UDDS-378-20082019\/SRC-2198). The study was conducted following the ethical guidelines set by the Helsinki Declaration. An information sheet was provided to all participants, and informed consent was obtained prior to their recruitment.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"902"}}