{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T00:28:01Z","timestamp":1793924881752,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study assessed the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) through single-dose diode 940\u00a0nm laser on pain after initial archwire placement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This parallel-design clinical trial with 1:1 allocation ratio was conducted on 120 orthodontic patients with Class I molar relationship and 3\u20136\u00a0mm crowding, or overbite. Orthodontic brackets had been previously placed by an orthodontist. The patients were randomly assigned to three groups (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200940) of PBM, placebo (laser in off mode), and control (no intervention). Right after initial archwire placement, patients in PBM group underwent 940\u00a0nm laser irradiation with 32\u00a0J\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      energy density in contact mode, and five areas were irradiated. Laser in off mode was used for the placebo group. The level of pain experienced by patients after archwire placement was recorded subjectively by using a visual analog scale (VAS). The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) was filled out by patients after 7 days to assess the correlation of personal traits with actual pain. Data were analyzed by the Chi-square test, independent t-test, ANOVA, and ANCOVA (alpha\u2009=\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Type of intervention had no significant effect on VAS pain score (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.654) although slightly lower pain was recorded in the PBM group. Location of orthodontic wire placement (maxilla\/mandible) had no significant effect on the pain score (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.780), although the mean pain score in the mandible was slightly higher than that in the maxilla.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the present study, PBM delivered using a single-session 940\u00a0nm diode laser had no significant effect on pain after initial placement of orthodontic archwires.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Trial registration number: IRCT20230603058377N1. Retrospectively registered. Registration date: 08\/07\/2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-06326-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T13:34:09Z","timestamp":1751376849000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effect of single-dose diode laser photobiomodulation on orthodontic pain following initial archwire placement: a randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Amin","family":"Golshah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azadeh","family":"Kazemisaleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Azizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amin Hossein","family":"Nejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"6326_CR1","first-page":"A299","volume":"22","author":"R Glineur","year":"2001","unstructured":"Glineur R, Balon-Perin A. Orthodontic treatment in children and adults. Rev Med Brux. 2001;22:A299\u2013303.","journal-title":"Rev Med Brux"},{"key":"6326_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-012-1196-y","volume":"28","author":"WL He","year":"2013","unstructured":"He WL, Li CJ, Liu ZP, Sun JF, Hu ZA, Yin X, et al. Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in the management of orthodontic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lasers Med Sci. 2013;28:1581\u20139.","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"6326_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8560652","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8560652","volume":"2017","author":"NF Deana","year":"2017","unstructured":"Deana NF, Zaror C, Sandoval P, Alves N. Effectiveness of low-level laser therapy in reducing orthodontic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain Res Manag. 2017;2017:8560652.","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"key":"6326_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2018.48.2.90","volume":"48","author":"I Qamruddin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Qamruddin I, Alam MK, Abdullah H, Kamran MA, Jawaid N, Mahroof V. Effects of single-dose, low-level laser therapy on pain associated with the initial stage of fixed orthodontic treatment: a randomized clinical trial. Korean J Orthod. 2018;48:90\u20137.","journal-title":"Korean J Orthod"},{"key":"6326_CR5","first-page":"1258","volume":"7","author":"N Shenoy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shenoy N, Shetty S, Ahmed J, Shenoy KA. The pain management in orthodontics. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013;7:1258\u201360.","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"6326_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.06.028","volume":"136","author":"A Tortamano","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tortamano A, Lenzi DC, Haddad AC, Bottino MC, Dominguez GC, Vigorito JW. Low-level laser therapy for pain caused by placement of the first orthodontic archwire: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2009;136:662\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"6326_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29","DOI":"10.34172\/jlms.2021.29","volume":"12","author":"A Farzan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Farzan A, Khaleghi K. The effectiveness of low-level laser therapy in pain induced by orthodontic separator placement: a systematic review. J Lasers Med Sci. 2021;12:e29.","journal-title":"J Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"6326_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5512031","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5512031","volume":"2021","author":"A Marya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marya A, Venugopal A. The use of technology in the management of orthodontic treatment-related pain. Pain Res Manag. 2021;2021:5512031.","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"key":"6326_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-020-00254-2","volume":"82","author":"Y Kaya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaya Y, Alkan O, Komuroglu AU, Keskin S. Effects of ibuprofen and low-level laser therapy on orthodontic pain by means of the analysis of interleukin 1-beta and substance P levels in the gingival crevicular fluid. J Orofac Orthop. 2021;82:143\u201352.","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"key":"6326_CR10","first-page":"742","volume":"51","author":"WMM Bakdach","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bakdach WMM, Hadad R. Effectiveness of supplemental vibrational force in reducing pain associated with orthodontic treatment: a systematic review. Quintessence Int. 2020;51:742\u201352.","journal-title":"Quintessence Int"},{"key":"6326_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-2804","volume":"21","author":"EI Al Shayea","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al Shayea EI. Comparative assessment between ibuprofen, chewing gum, and bite wafers in pain control following first archwire placement in orthodontic patients. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2020;21:416\u201320.","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"key":"6326_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dompe C, Moncrieff L, Matys J, Grzech-Lesniak K, Kocherova I, Bryja A et al. Photobiomodulation-underlying mechanism and clinical applications. J Clin Med. 2020;9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9061724"},{"key":"6326_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(95)70007-2","volume":"108","author":"HM Lim","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lim HM, Lew KK, Tay DK. A clinical investigation of the efficacy of low level laser therapy in reducing orthodontic postadjustment pain. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1995;108:614\u201322.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"6326_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6440201302123","volume":"24","author":"FB Carvalho","year":"2013","unstructured":"Carvalho FB, Barbosa AF, Zanin FA, Brugnera J\u00fanior A, Silveira J\u00fanior L, Pinheiro AL. Use of laser fluorescence in dental caries diagnosis: a fluorescence x biomolecular vibrational spectroscopic comparative study. Braz Dent J. 2013;24:59\u201363.","journal-title":"Braz Dent J"},{"key":"6326_CR15","first-page":"3048429","volume":"2018","author":"MC Vitale","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vitale MC, Sfondrini MF, Croci GA, Paulli M, Carbone L, Gandini P, et al. Diode laser-assisted surgical therapy for early treatment of oral mucocele in a newborn patient: case report and procedures checklist. Case Rep Dent. 2018;2018:3048429.","journal-title":"Case Rep Dent"},{"key":"6326_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-016-1897-x","volume":"21","author":"D Galafassi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Galafassi D, Scatena C, Galo R, Curylofo-Zotti FA, Corona SAM, Borsatto MC. Clinical evaluation of composite restorations in er:yag laser-prepared cavities re-wetting with chlorhexidine. Clin Oral Investig. 2017;21:1231\u201341.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"6326_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-017-0321-9","volume":"19","author":"MF Sfondrini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sfondrini MF, Calderoni G, Vitale MC, Gandini P, Scribante A. Is laser conditioning a valid alternative to conventional etching for aesthetic brackets? Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2018;19:61\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"6326_CR18","first-page":"669","volume":"37","author":"E Merigo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Merigo E, Rocca JP, Pinheiro ALB, Fornaini C. Photobiomodulation therapy in oral medicine: a guide for the practitioner with focus on new possible protocols. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg. 2019;37:669\u201380.","journal-title":"Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg"},{"key":"6326_CR19","first-page":"95","volume":"39","author":"M Harazaki","year":"1998","unstructured":"Harazaki M, Takahashi H, Ito A, Isshiki Y. Soft laser irradiation induced pain reduction in orthodontic treatment. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll. 1998;39:95\u2013101.","journal-title":"Bull Tokyo Dent Coll"},{"key":"6326_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-017-3852-x","volume":"17","author":"GD Baxter","year":"2017","unstructured":"Baxter GD, Liu L, Petrich S, Gisselman AS, Chapple C, Anders JJ, et al. Low level laser therapy (Photobiomodulation therapy) for breast cancer-related lymphedema: a systematic review. BMC Cancer. 2017;17:833.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"6326_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4043","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-019-04939-2","volume":"27","author":"M de Pauli Paglioni","year":"2019","unstructured":"de Pauli Paglioni M, Alves CGB, Fontes EK, Lopes MA, Ribeiro ACP, Brandao TB, et al. Is photobiomodulation therapy effective in reducing pain caused by toxicities related to head and neck cancer treatment? A systematic review. Support Care Cancer. 2019;27:4043\u201354.","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"6326_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjab025","volume":"41","author":"GE Glass","year":"2021","unstructured":"Glass GE. Photobiomodulation: the clinical applications of low-level light therapy. Aesthet Surg J. 2021;41:723\u201338.","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"6326_CR23","first-page":"47","volume":"25","author":"Y Kang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kang Y, Rabie AB, Wong RW. A review of laser applications in orthodontics. Int J Orthod Milwaukee. 2014;25:47\u201356.","journal-title":"Int J Orthod Milwaukee"},{"key":"6326_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2003.tb00025.x","volume":"48","author":"LJ Walsh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Walsh LJ. The current status of laser applications in dentistry. Aust Dent J. 2003;48:146\u201355. quiz 98.","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"key":"6326_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.34172\/jlms.2021.08","volume":"12","author":"A Mirhashemi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mirhashemi A, Rasouli S, Shahi S, Chiniforush N. Efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy for orthodontic pain control following the placement of elastomeric separators: a randomized clinical trial. J Lasers Med Sci. 2021;12:e8.","journal-title":"J Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"6326_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.08.021","volume":"156","author":"F Celebi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Celebi F, Turk T, Bicakci AA. Effects of low-level laser therapy and mechanical vibration on orthodontic pain caused by initial archwire. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2019;156:87\u201393.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"6326_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-012-1258-1","volume":"29","author":"L Eslamian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Eslamian L, Borzabadi-Farahani A, Hassanzadeh-Azhiri A, Badiee MR, Fekrazad R. The effect of 810-nm low-level laser therapy on pain caused by orthodontic elastomeric separators. Lasers Med Sci. 2014;29:559\u201364.","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"6326_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2021.51.5.313","volume":"51","author":"F Celebi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Celebi F, Bicakci AA, Kelesoglu U. Effectiveness of low-level laser therapy and chewing gum in reducing orthodontic pain: a randomized controlled trial. Korean J Orthod. 2021;51:313\u201320.","journal-title":"Korean J Orthod"},{"key":"6326_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bart J, Fligner MA, Notz WI. Sampling and statistical methods for behavioral ecologists. Cambridge University Press; 1998.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511612572"},{"key":"6326_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.2319\/020116-88R.1","volume":"86","author":"NC Bavbek","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bavbek NC, Tuncer BB, Tortop T, Celik B. Efficacy of different methods to reduce pain during debonding of orthodontic brackets. Angle Orthod. 2016;86:917\u201324.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"6326_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.7.4.524","volume":"7","author":"MJ Sullivan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sullivan MJ, Bishop SR, Pivik J. The pain catastrophizing scale: development and validation. Psychol Assess. 1995;7:524\u201332.","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"6326_CR32","first-page":"647","volume":"10","author":"SM Abtahi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abtahi SM, Mousavi SA, Shafaee H, Tanbakuchi B. Effect of low-level laser therapy on dental pain induced by separator force in orthodontic treatment. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2013;10:647\u201351.","journal-title":"Dent Res J (Isfahan)"},{"key":"6326_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1875-595X.2008.tb00351.x","volume":"58","author":"LA da Cunha","year":"2008","unstructured":"da Cunha LA, Firoozmand LM, da Silva AP, Camargo SE, Oliveira W. Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in the treatment of temporomandibular disorder. Int Dent J. 2008;58:213\u20137.","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"6326_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S228","DOI":"10.4103\/JPBS.JPBS_303_18","volume":"11","author":"SMV Prasad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Prasad SMV, Prasanna TR, Kumaran V, Venkatachalam N, Ramees M, Abraham EA. Low-level laser therapy: a noninvasive method of relieving postactivation orthodontic pain-a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2019;11:S228\u201331.","journal-title":"J Pharm Bioallied Sci"},{"key":"6326_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-2078","volume":"18","author":"F Eslamipour","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eslamipour F, Motamedian SR, Bagheri F. Ibuprofen and low-level laser therapy for pain control during fixed orthodontic therapy: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2017;18:527\u201333.","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"key":"6326_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-018-0023-0","volume":"10","author":"S Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu S, Chen Y, Zhang J, Chen W, Shao S, Shen H, et al. Effect of low-level laser therapy on tooth-related pain and somatosensory function evoked by orthodontic treatment. Int J Oral Sci. 2018;10:22.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"key":"6326_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebdp.2018.11.001","volume":"19","author":"A Lo Giudice","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lo Giudice A, Nucera R, Perillo L, Paiusco A, Caccianiga G. Is low-level laser therapy an effective method to alleviate pain induced by active orthodontic alignment archwire? A randomized clinical trial. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2019;19:71\u20138.","journal-title":"J Evid Based Dent Pract"},{"key":"6326_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.04.036","volume":"130","author":"D Turhani","year":"2006","unstructured":"Turhani D, Scheriau M, Kapral D, Benesch T, Jonke E, Bantleon HP. Pain relief by single low-level laser irradiation in orthodontic patients undergoing fixed appliance therapy. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2006;130:371\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"6326_CR39","first-page":"463","volume":"40","author":"R Fekrazad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fekrazad R, Golshah A, Shirazi ER. Efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy versus soft acrylic wafer for reduction of pain associated with orthodontic metal bracket removal: a clinical trial. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg. 2022;40:463\u201371.","journal-title":"Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg"},{"key":"6326_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.ejo.a035999","volume":"11","author":"PH Brook","year":"1989","unstructured":"Brook PH, Shaw WC. The development of an index of orthodontic treatment priority. Eur J Orthod. 1989;11:309\u201320.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"6326_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-007-0449-7","volume":"23","author":"M Youssef","year":"2008","unstructured":"Youssef M, Ashkar S, Hamade E, Gutknecht N, Lampert F, Mir M. The effect of low-level laser therapy during orthodontic movement: a preliminary study. Lasers Med Sci. 2008;23:27\u201333.","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"6326_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-012-1135-y","volume":"28","author":"M Art\u00e9s-Ribas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Art\u00e9s-Ribas M, Arnabat-Dominguez J, Puigdollers A. Analgesic effect of a low-level laser therapy (830 nm) in early orthodontic treatment. Lasers Med Sci. 2013;28:335\u201341.","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"6326_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2021.06.006","volume":"49","author":"FJ Duarte de Oliveira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Duarte de Oliveira FJ, Brasil G, Ara\u00fajo Soares GP, Fernandes Paiva DF, de Assis de Souza J\u00fanior F. Use of low-level laser therapy to reduce postoperative pain, edema, and trismus following third molar surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2021;49:1088\u201396.","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"6326_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-018-4134-x","volume":"38","author":"M Kiraly","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kiraly M, Bender T, Hodosi K. Comparative study of shockwave therapy and low-level laser therapy effects in patients with myofascial pain syndrome of the trapezius. Rheumatol Int. 2018;38:2045\u201352.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"6326_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-015-0665-4","volume":"16","author":"C Weber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weber C, Thai V, Neuheuser K, Groover K, Christ O. Efficacy of physical therapy for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis: a meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2015;16:223.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"6326_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1179\/bjo.12.4.179","volume":"12","author":"RG Oliver","year":"1985","unstructured":"Oliver RG, Knapman YM. Attitudes to orthodontic treatment. Br J Orthod. 1985;12:179\u201388.","journal-title":"Br J Orthod"},{"key":"6326_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-006-0438-4","volume":"26","author":"U Dundar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dundar U, Evcik D, Samli F, Pusak H, Kavuncu V. The effect of gallium arsenide aluminum laser therapy in the management of cervical myofascial pain syndrome: a double blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin Rheumatol. 2007;26:930\u20134.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"6326_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2020.102638","volume":"57","author":"MYR Guerreiro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guerreiro MYR, Monteiro LPB, de Castro RF, Magno MB, Maia LC, da Silva Brand\u00e3o JM. Effect of low-level laser therapy on postoperative endodontic pain: an updated systematic review. Complement Ther Med. 2021;57:102638.","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"key":"6326_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Camacho AD, Reyes MB, Cujar SAV. A systematic review of the effective laser wavelength range in delivering photobiomodulation for pain relief in active orthodontic treatment. Rev Orthop Dento Fac. 2020;18(4):684\u201395.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.08.008"},{"issue":"1","key":"6326_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3390\/inventions8010046","volume":"8","author":"P Caccianiga","year":"2023","unstructured":"Caccianiga P, Carminati I, Caccianiga G. Photobiomodulation with laser technology to reduce pain perception during fixed orthodontic treatment: literature review and new perspectives. Inventions. 2023;8(1):46.","journal-title":"Inventions"},{"key":"6326_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rum\u00e3o WL, Valdrighi HC, Furletti VF. Influence of photobiomodulation on pain perception during initial orthodontic tooth movement. Rev Odontol UNESP. 2020;49:e20200003.","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-2577.00320"},{"issue":"1","key":"6326_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.36348\/sjodr.2025.v10i01.010","volume":"10","author":"H Hmida","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hmida H, Qalalwa M, Amor WB, Dallel I. Efficacy of photobiomodulation in orthodontic pain management: a systematic review of literature. Saudi J Oral Dent Res. 2025;10(1):67\u201378.","journal-title":"Saudi J Oral Dent Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"6326_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13071140","volume":"13","author":"X Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang X, Liu Q, Peng J, Song W, Zhao J, Chen L. The effects and mechanisms of PBM therapy in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement. Biomolecules. 2023;13(7):1140.","journal-title":"Biomolecules"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-025-06326-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-025-06326-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-025-06326-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T14:11:46Z","timestamp":1751379106000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12903-025-06326-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6326"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-025-06326-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (IR.KUMS.REC.1402.074), and all procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all patients, as well as from the parents or legal guardians of participants under the age of 16.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"973"}}