{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:51:13Z","timestamp":1791287473272,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751500800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005047","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023-MS-158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-MS-158"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007620","name":"Department of Education of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LJKZ0784"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LJKZ0784"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007620","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-06475-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T06:41:14Z","timestamp":1751524874000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A chain mediation analysis of the association between parents\u2019 educational background and dental pain among 12-year-old schoolchildren in Northeast China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiqiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"6475_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345211005782","volume":"100","author":"Y Matsuyama","year":"2021","unstructured":"Matsuyama Y, Aida J, Takeuchi K, Koyama S, Tabuchi T. Dental pain and worsened socioeconomic conditions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. J Dent Res. 2021;100(6):591\u20138.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"6475_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/idj.12184","volume":"65","author":"GL Ribeiro","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ribeiro GL, Gomes MC, de Lima KC, Martins CC, Paiva SM, Granville-Garcia AF. Work absenteeism by parents because of oral conditions in preschool children. Int Dent J. 2015;65(6):331\u20137.","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"6475_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-854","volume":"14","author":"MC Gomes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gomes MC, Clementino MA, Pinto-Sarmento TC, Martins CC, Granville-Garcia AF, Paiva SM. Association between parental guilt and oral health problems in preschool children: a hierarchical approach. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:854.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"6475_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02541-3","volume":"4","author":"CA Ribeiro Junior","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ribeiro Junior CA, Vettore MV, Rebelo Vieira JM, de Queiroz Herkrath APC, de Queiroz AC, Pereira JV, et al. Correction: The role of dental pain and psychosocial factors on the relationship between dental caries and oral health-related quality of life in children. BMC Oral Health. 2022;4(1):467.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"6475_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12535","volume":"48","author":"JC Barasuol","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barasuol JC, Santos PS, Moccelini BS, Magno MB, Bolan M, Martins-J\u00fanior PA, et al. Association between dental pain and oral health-related quality of life in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2020;48(4):257\u201363.","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6475_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-04255-2","volume":"26","author":"PS Santos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Santos PS, Barasuol JC, Moccelini BS, Magno MB, Bolan M, Martins-Junior PA, et al. Prevalence of toothache and associated factors in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig. 2022;26(2):1105\u201319.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"10219","key":"6475_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)33016-8","volume":"395","author":"HS Bawaskar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bawaskar HS, Bawaskar PH. Oral diseases: a global public health challenge. Lancet. 2020;395(10219):185\u20136.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"6475_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2008.00566.x","volume":"116","author":"JL Bastos","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bastos JL, Peres MA, Peres KG, Araujo CL, Menezes AM. Toothache prevalence and associated factors: a life course study from birth to age 12 year. Eur J Oral Sci. 2008;116(5):458\u201366.","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"6475_CR9","first-page":"1","volume":"59","author":"MFA Quadri","year":"2025","unstructured":"Quadri MFA, Ahmad B. The mediation pathway linking dental caries and academic performance in children. Caries Res. 2025;59(1):1\u201310.","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"6475_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1159\/000339491","volume":"46","author":"GF Boeira","year":"2012","unstructured":"Boeira GF, Correa MB, Peres KG, Peres MA, Santos IS, Matijasevich A, et al. Caries is the main cause for dental pain in childhood: findings from a birth cohort. Caries Res. 2012;46(5):488\u201395.","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"6475_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/jphd.12030","volume":"73","author":"S Krisdapong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Krisdapong S, Prasertsom P, Rattanarangsima K, Sheiham A. School absence due to toothache associated with sociodemographic factors, dental caries status, and oral health-related quality of life in 12- and 15-year-old Thai children. J Public Health Dent. 2013;73(4):321\u20138.","journal-title":"J Public Health Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"6475_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-020-00545-7","volume":"22","author":"KC Pentapati","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pentapati KC, Yeturu SK, Siddiq H. Global and regional estimates of dental pain among children and adolescents-systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2021;22(1):1\u201312.","journal-title":"Eur Arch Paediatr Dent"},{"issue":"11","key":"6475_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e044758","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-044758","volume":"11","author":"J Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li J, Zhang K, Lu Z. Prevalence and factors contributing to dental caries in 12-15-year-old school adolescents in Northeast China. BMJ Open. 2021;11(11):e044758.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"6475_CR14","first-page":"257","volume":"48","author":"C-fan Cao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cao C-fan. Prevalences of periodontal diseases and dental caries in china: re-analysis of the data from the third National epidemiological survey on oral health. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2013;48:257\u20139.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"issue":"1","key":"6475_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12749","volume":"42","author":"LL Hardy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hardy LL, Bell J, Bauman A, Mihrshahi S. Association between adolescents\u2019 consumption of total and different types of sugar-sweetened beverages with oral health impacts and weight status. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2018;42(1):22\u20136.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"6475_CR16","first-page":"161","volume":"21","author":"HX Lu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lu HX, Tao DY, Lo ECM, Li R, Wang X, Tai BJ, et al. The 4th National oral health survey in the Mainland of china: background and methodology. Chin J Dent Res. 2018;21(3):161\u20135.","journal-title":"Chin J Dent Res"},{"key":"6475_CR17","volume-title":"Oral health surveys-basic methods 5th version","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2013","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Oral health surveys-basic methods 5th version. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013."},{"issue":"4","key":"6475_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12614","volume":"30","author":"PK Felipak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Felipak PK, Menoncin BLV, Reyes MRT, Costa LR, de Souza JF, Menezes JVNB. Determinants of parental report of dental pain and discomfort in preschool children-The dental discomfort questionnaire. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2020;30(4):436\u201344.","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"6475_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-021-01970-w","volume":"21","author":"EHG de Lucena","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Lucena EHG, da Silva RO, Barbosa ML, de Ara\u00fajo ECF, Pereira AC, Cavalcanti YW. Influence of socioeconomic status on oral disease burden: a population-based study. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21(1):608.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"6475_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12715","volume":"50","author":"HS Schuch","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schuch HS, Peres KG, Haag DG, Boing AF, Peres MA. The independent and joint contribution of objective and subjective socioeconomic status on oral health indicators. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2022;50(6):570\u20138.","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"6475_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(68)90097-6","volume":"13","author":"LJ Baume","year":"1968","unstructured":"Baume LJ. Report on a dental survey among the school population of French polynesia. Population surveyed and numbers of teeth present. Arch Oral Biol. 1968;13(7):787\u2013802.","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6475_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1875-595X.2008.tb00185.x","volume":"58","author":"PE Petersen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Petersen PE. World health organization global policy for improvement of oral health\u2013World health assembly 2007. Int Dent J. 2008;58(3):115\u201321.","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"issue":"4","key":"6475_CR23","first-page":"219","volume":"18","author":"GD Slade","year":"2001","unstructured":"Slade GD. Epidemiology of dental pain and dental caries among children and adolescents. Community Dent Health. 2001;18(4):219\u201327.","journal-title":"Community Dent Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"6475_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12483","volume":"47","author":"MCM Freire","year":"2019","unstructured":"Freire MCM, Jord\u00e3o LMR, Peres MA, Abreu MHNG. Six-year trends in dental pain and maternal education inequalities among Brazilian adolescents. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2019;47(6):454\u201360.","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6475_CR25","first-page":"285","volume":"21","author":"XY Sun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sun XY, Yuan C, Wang XZ, Wang X, Feng XP, Tai BJ, et al. Report of the National investigation of resources for oral health in China. Chin J Dent Res. 2018;21(4):285\u201397.","journal-title":"Chin J Dent Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"6475_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12208","volume":"41","author":"H Yatani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yatani H, Komiyama O, Matsuka Y, Wajima K, Muraoka W, Ikawa M, et al. Systematic review and recommendations for nonodontogenic toothache. J Oral Rehabil. 2014;41(11):843\u201352.","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"6475_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1129-2377-14-37","volume":"14","author":"JM Zakrzewska","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zakrzewska JM. Multi-dimensionality of chronic pain of the oral cavity and face. J Headache Pain. 2013;14(1):37.","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"6475_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2012.01234.x","volume":"23","author":"J Ramos-Jorge","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ramos-Jorge J, Marques LS, Homem MA, Paiva SM, Ferreira MC, Oliveira Ferreira F, et al. Degree of dental anxiety in children with and without toothache: prospective assessment. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2013;23(2):125\u201330.","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"issue":"2","key":"6475_CR29","first-page":"673","volume":"25","author":"ACLT Massoni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Massoni ACLT, Porto \u00c9, Ferreira LRBO, Gomes MDNC, Granville-Garcia AF, D\u2019Avila S. Tooth pain and associated factors among adolescents of a large population municipality in Northeastern Brazil. Cien SaudeColet. 2020;25(2):673\u201382.","journal-title":"Cien SaudeColet"},{"issue":"1","key":"6475_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-01186-4","volume":"20","author":"L Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen L, Hong J, Xiong D, Zhang L, Li Y, Huang S, et al. Are parents\u2019 education levels associated with either their oral health knowledge or their children\u2019s oral health behaviors? A survey of 8446 families in Wuhan. BMC Oral Health. 2020;20(1):203.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"6475_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03424-x","volume":"23","author":"G Minervini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Minervini G, Franco R, Marrapodi MM, Di Blasio M, Ronsivalle V, Cicci\u00f9 M. Children oral health and parents education status: a cross sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23(1):787.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"6475_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2619","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092619","volume":"12","author":"D Tenelanda-L\u00f3pez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tenelanda-L\u00f3pez D, Valdivia-Moral P, Castro-S\u00e1nchez M. Eating habits and their relationship to oral health. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2619.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"6475_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.17219\/dmp\/134749","volume":"59","author":"M Kantorowicz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kantorowicz M, Olszewska-Czy\u017c I, Lipska W, Kolarzyk E, Chomyszyn-Gajewska M, Darczuk D, et al. Impact of dietary habits on the incidence of oral diseases. Dent Med Probl. 2022;59(4):547\u201354.","journal-title":"Dent Med Probl"},{"key":"6475_CR34","first-page":"10","volume-title":"The fourth National oral health epidemiological survey report","author":"Chinese Stomatological Association","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chinese Stomatological Association. The fourth National oral health epidemiological survey report. Beijing: People\u2019s Medical Publishing House; 2018. pp. 10\u20131."}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-025-06475-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-025-06475-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-025-06475-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T00:46:37Z","timestamp":1757205997000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12903-025-06475-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6475"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-025-06475-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 July 2025","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The Equal contribution statement has been updated.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Approval for this study was obtained in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki from the Stomatological Ethical Committee of the Chinese Stomatological Association (approval number: 2014-003) in 2015 and by the Ethics Committee of the School of Stomatology, China Medical University (approval number: K2024024).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the participants before administering oral examinations and questionnaires. All data published here are under the consent for publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1079"}}