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This study aimed to synthesize different bioactive glass varnishes and assess their remineralizing effects on white spot lesions compared to fluoride varnish and a synthesized nanosilver fluoride varnish.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Seventy-two extracted human teeth were used. The teeth were divided into seven groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910): Group A (Artificial saliva, negative control), Group B (Fluoride varnish), Group C (Bioactive glass varnish), Group D (Fluoride-containing bioactive glass varnish), Group E (Nanosilver-containing bioactive glass varnish), Group F (Nanosilver fluoride varnish), and Group G (Nanosilver varnish). The different varnishes were synthesized and then characterized via transmission electron microscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy. Artificial caries were induced in the specimens by immersion in a demineralizing solution for 4 days. Each specimen was analyzed at baseline and in the demineralized state and after two weeks of varnish application by Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis and Vickers micro-hardness tester. One representative specimen from each group, one specimen at baseline, and one demineralized specimen were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and repeated measures ANOVA followed by Tukey\u2019s post hoc test.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The nanosilver-containing bioactive glass group (E) presented the highest mineral gain percentage, followed by fluoride-containing bioactive glass (D) and nanosilver fluoride (F) groups, with insignificant differences between groups D and F. Groups D, E, and F showed the highest hardness recovery percentages, with insignificant differences among them. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the development of new crystals in these groups.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Bioactive glass varnish is a promising remineralizing agent with efficacy comparable to fluoride varnish. The fluoride-containing and nanosilver-containing bioactive glass varnishes had a higher remineralizing potential compared to the fluoride and bioactive glass varnishes and nearly the same remineralizing effect of the nanosilver fluoride varnish.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-06665-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T18:05:00Z","timestamp":1753985100000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Evaluation of the remineralization potential of different bioactive glass varnishes on white spot lesions: an in vitro study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"M. 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