{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T18:54:51Z","timestamp":1793300091674,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-06751-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T11:55:20Z","timestamp":1756814120000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Is there really a relationship between maxillary and mandibular incisor inclination and the amount of surrounding cortical alveolar bone? a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Nuno Gustavo","family":"d\u2019Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Monill-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pau","family":"Valle-Ca\u00f1ada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Albaladejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"Curto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"6751_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2014.12.013","volume":"43","author":"B Zou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zou B, Zhou Y, Lowe AA, Li H, Pliska B. Changes in anteroposterior position and inclination of the maxillary incisors after surgical-orthodontic treatment of skeletal class III malocclusions. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2015;43(10):1986\u201393.","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"6751_CR2","first-page":"191","volume":"5","author":"HG Barrer","year":"1971","unstructured":"Barrer HG. Treatment timing\u2013onset or onslaught? J Clin Orthod. 1971;5(4):191\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"6751_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.2319\/072906-309","volume":"77","author":"C Yamada","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yamada C, Kitai N, Kakimoto N, Murakami S, Furukawa S, Takada K. Spatial relationships between the mandibular central incisor and associated alveolar bone in adults with mandibular prognathism. Angle Orthod. 2007;77(5):766\u201372.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"6751_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verna C, Zaffe D, Siciliani G. Histomorphometric study of bone reactions during orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Bone. 1999;24(4):371\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(99)00009-5"},{"issue":"7","key":"6751_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00757.x","volume":"32","author":"KL Vandana","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vandana KL, Savitha B. Thickness of gingiva in association with age, gender and dental arch location. J Clin Periodontol. 2005;32(7):828\u201330.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"8","key":"6751_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-016-1889-x","volume":"20","author":"M Nikiforidou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nikiforidou M, Tsalikis L, Angelopoulos C, Menexes G, Vouros I, Konstantinidis A. Erratum to: Classification of periodontal biotypes with the use of CBCT. A cross-sectional study. Clin Oral Investig. 2016;20(8):2073.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"6751_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9103749","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9103749","volume":"2017","author":"P Guerino","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guerino P, Marquezan M, Mezomo MB, Antunes KT, Grehs RA, Ferrazzo VA. Tomographic evaluation of the lower incisor\u2019s bone limits in mandibular symphysis of orthodontically untreated adults. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:9103749.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"6751_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.12675","volume":"27","author":"S AlTarawneh","year":"2018","unstructured":"AlTarawneh S, AlHadidi A, Hamdan AA, Shaqman M, Habib E. Assessment of bone dimensions in the anterior maxilla: a cone beam computed tomography study. J Prosthodont. 2018;27(4):321\u20138.","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"issue":"1","key":"6751_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ksujds.2013.06.003","volume":"5","author":"S Abraham","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abraham S, Deepak KT, Ambili R, Preeja C, Archana V. Gingival biotype and its clinical significance \u2013 a review. Saudi J Dent Res. 2014;5(1):3\u20137.","journal-title":"Saudi J Dent Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"6751_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2015.45.5.245","volume":"45","author":"YL Tian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tian YL, Liu F, Sun HJ, Lv P, Cao YM, Yu M, Yue Y. Alveolar bone thickness around maxillary central incisors of different inclination assessed with cone-beam computed tomography. Korean J Orthod. 2015;45(5):245\u201352.","journal-title":"Korean J Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"6751_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1590\/S2176-94512013000500016","volume":"18","author":"PR Pican\u00e7o","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pican\u00e7o PR, Valarelli FP, Can\u00e7ado RH, de Freitas KM, Pican\u00e7o GV. Comparison of the changes of alveolar bone thickness in maxillary incisor area in extraction and non-extraction cases: computerized tomography evaluation. Dent Press J Orthod. 2013;18(5):91\u20138.","journal-title":"Dent Press J Orthod"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"6751_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2010.0361","volume":"141","author":"JK Mah","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mah JK, Huang JC, Choo H. Practical applications of cone-beam computed tomography in orthodontics. J Am Dent Assoc. 2010;141(Suppl 3):S7\u201313.","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"6751_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.01.005","volume":"154","author":"A Abdelkarim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abdelkarim A, Jerrold L. Clinical considerations and potential liability associated with the use of ionizing radiation in orthodontics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2018;154(1):15\u201325.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"7","key":"6751_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000100","volume":"6","author":"A Liberati","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, G\u00f8tzsche PC, Ioannidis JP, Clarke M, Devereaux PJ, Kleijnen J, Moher D. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med. 2009;6(7): e1000100.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"6751_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0173875","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173875","volume":"12","author":"J Rodr\u00edguez de Guzm\u00e1n-Barrera","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez de Guzm\u00e1n-Barrera J, S\u00e1ez Mart\u00ednez C, Boronat-Catal\u00e1 M, Montiel-Company JM, Paredes-Gallardo V, Gand\u00eda-Franco JL, Almerich-Silla JM, Bellot-Arc\u00eds C. Effectiveness of interceptive treatment of class III malocclusions with skeletal anchorage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017;12(3):e0173875.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"6751_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","volume":"33","author":"JR Landis","year":"1977","unstructured":"Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. 1977;33(1):159\u201374.","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"12","key":"6751_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2011.06.020","volume":"40","author":"CT Mattos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mattos CT, Vilani GN, Sant\u2019Anna EF, Ruellas AC, Maia LC. Effects of orthognathic surgery on oropharyngeal airway: a meta-analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;40(12):1347\u201356.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"6751_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1097\/ID.0000000000000427","volume":"25","author":"J Khoury","year":"2016","unstructured":"Khoury J, Ghosn N, Mokbel N, Naaman N. Buccal bone thickness overlying maxillary anterior teeth: A clinical and radiographic prospective human study. Implant Dent. 2016;25(4):525\u201331.","journal-title":"Implant Dent"},{"key":"6751_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.2147\/CCIDE.S268201","volume":"12","author":"A Linjawi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Linjawi A. Predictive factors affecting the maxillary alveolar bone thickness: A Cone-Beam computed tomography study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2020;12:359\u201365.","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dent"},{"key":"6751_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montanha-Andrade K, Cruso\u00e9-Rebello IM, Barreto M, Neves FS, Santos JND, Cury PR. Assessment of the relationship between tooth inclination and gingival and alveolar bone dimensions using computed tomography of the maxillary anterior teeth: a cross-sectional study. Dent Press J Orthod. 2022;27(4):e222136.","DOI":"10.1590\/2177-6709.27.4.e222136.oar"},{"issue":"3","key":"6751_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-017-2255-3","volume":"22","author":"A Srebrzy\u0144ska-Witek","year":"2018","unstructured":"Srebrzy\u0144ska-Witek A, Koszowski R, R\u00f3\u017cy\u0142o-Kalinowska I. Relationship between anterior mandibular bone thickness and the angulation of incisors and canines-a CBCT study. Clin Oral Investig. 2018;22(3):1567\u201378.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"4","key":"6751_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10015-1551","volume":"9","author":"N Khyati","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khyati N, Shetty S, Nambiar S, Natarajan S, Shetty S. Correlation of mandibular incisor inclination to marginal bone levels and cortical bone thickness in different skeletal patterns: A retrospective, cone beam computed tomography study. World J Dent. 2018;9(4):291\u20136.","journal-title":"World J Dent"},{"issue":"3","key":"6751_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0264788","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0264788","volume":"17","author":"CL Lu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lu CL, Li BW, Yang M, Wang XQ. Relationship between alveolar-bone morphology at the mandibular incisors and their inclination in adults with low-angle, skeletal class III malocclusion-a retrospective CBCT study. PLoS One. 2022;17(3):e0264788.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"6751_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02331-x","volume":"22","author":"C Lei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lei C, Yu Q, Wu D, Cai K, Weigl P, Tang C. Comparison of alveolar bone width and sagittal tooth angulation of maxillary central incisors in class I and class III canine relationships: a retrospective study using CBCT. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22(1):303.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"6751_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.12.014","volume":"152","author":"M Sendyk","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sendyk M, de Paiva JB, Abr\u00e3o J, Rino Neto J. Correlation between buccolingual tooth inclination and alveolar bone thickness in subjects with class III dentofacial deformities. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2017;152(1):66\u201379.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"6751_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/12615645","volume":"40","author":"S Kapila","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kapila S, Conley RS, Harrell WE Jr. The current status of cone beam computed tomography imaging in orthodontics. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2011;40(1):24\u201334.","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6751_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03784-4","volume":"23","author":"R Ismay\u0131lov","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ismay\u0131lov R, \u00d6zg\u00fcr B. Indications and use of cone beam computed tomography in children and young individuals in a university-based dental hospital. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23(1):1033.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"6751_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12517","volume":"24","author":"A Monill-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Monill-Gonz\u00e1lez A, Rovira-Calatayud L, d\u2019Oliveira NG, Ustrell-Torrent JM. Artificial intelligence in orthodontics: where are we now? A scoping review. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2021;24(Suppl 2):6\u201315.","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"6751_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.10.024","volume":"29","author":"RV Gupta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gupta RV, Kalra MK, Ebrahimian S, Kaviani P, Primak A, Bizzo B, Dreyer KJ. Complex relationship between artificial intelligence and CT radiation dose. Acad Radiol. 2022;29(11):1709\u201319.","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6751_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.24.1.8593909","volume":"24","author":"RA Fuhrmann","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fuhrmann RA, Wehrbein H, Langen HJ, Diedrich PR. Assessment of the dentate alveolar process with high resolution computed tomography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 1995;24(1):50\u20134.","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6751_CR31","first-page":"95","volume":"66","author":"CS Handelman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Handelman CS. The anterior alveolus: its importance in limiting orthodontic treatment and its influence on the occurrence of iatrogenic sequelae. Angle Orthod. 1996;66(2):95\u2013109.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"6751_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12469","volume":"24","author":"MH Elnagar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elnagar MH, Handelman CS, Lippincott JS, Kim MR, BeGole E. Alveolar cortical plate changes associated with incisor retraction and its influence on the limits of orthodontic tooth movement. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2021;24(4):536\u201342.","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"6751_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(98)70172-6","volume":"114","author":"AD Vardimon","year":"1998","unstructured":"Vardimon AD, Oren E, Ben-Bassat Y. Cortical bone remodeling\/tooth movement ratio during maxillary incisor retraction with tip versus torque movements. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998;114(5):520\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-025-06751-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-025-06751-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-025-06751-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T04:25:07Z","timestamp":1757478307000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12903-025-06751-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6751"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-025-06751-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1397"}}