{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T07:49:19Z","timestamp":1790927359421,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004482","name":"Kuwait University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SRUL 01\/14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SRUL 01\/14"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004482","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004482","name":"Kuwait University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SRUL 01\/14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SRUL 01\/14"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004482","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004482","name":"Kuwait University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SRUL 01\/14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SRUL 01\/14"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004482","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004482","name":"Kuwait University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SRUL 01\/14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SRUL 01\/14"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004482","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-07009-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T08:39:29Z","timestamp":1760085569000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Quantitative and spectroscopic assessment of early-stage enamel erosion induced by popular acidic beverages"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Fajer","family":"AlHelal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zakiya","family":"AlHomaizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"AlOmair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lama W.","family":"Yousef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2800-0307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muawia A.","family":"Qudeimat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"7009_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000360380","volume":"25","author":"A Lussi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lussi A, Carvalho TS. Erosive tooth wear: a multifactorial condition of growing concern and increasing knowledge. Monogr Oral Sci. 2014;25:1\u201315.","journal-title":"Monogr Oral Sci"},{"key":"7009_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-015-0069-8","volume":"15","author":"H Deppe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Deppe H, M\u00fccke T, Wagenpfeil S, Kesting M, Rozej A, Bajbouj M, Sculean A. Erosive esophageal reflux vs. non erosive esophageal reflux: oral findings in 71 patients. BMC Oral Health. 2015;15:84.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"7009_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1159\/000359941","volume":"25","author":"ME Barbour","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barbour ME, Lussi A. Erosion in relation to nutrition and the environment. Monogr Oral Sci. 2014;25:143\u201354.","journal-title":"Monogr Oral Sci"},{"key":"7009_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1159\/000359943","volume":"25","author":"RP Shellis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shellis RP, Featherstone JD, Lussi A. Understanding the chemistry of dental erosion. Monogr Oral Sci. 2014;25:163\u201379.","journal-title":"Monogr Oral Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"7009_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12643","volume":"30","author":"AS Chan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chan AS, Tran TT, Hsu YH, Liu SY, Kroon J. A systematic review of dietary acids and habits on dental erosion in adolescents. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2020;30(6):713\u201333.","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"issue":"7","key":"7009_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4814073","volume":"201","author":"CA Hemingway","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hemingway CA, Parker DM, Addy M, Barbour ME. Erosion of enamel by non-carbonated soft drinks with and without toothbrushing abrasion. Br Dent J. 2006;201(7):447\u201350.","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"7009_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1159\/000527305","volume":"56","author":"M Methuen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Methuen M, Kangasmaa H, Alaraudanjoki VK, Suominen AL, Anttonen V, V\u00e4h\u00e4nikkil\u00e4 H, et al. Prevalence of erosive tooth wear and associated dietary factors among a group of Finnish adolescents. Caries Res. 2022;56(5\u20136):477\u201387.","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"7009_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-04843-0","volume":"24","author":"LM Mart\u00ednez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez LM, Lietz LL, Tar\u00edn CC, Garc\u00eda CB, Tormos JIA, Miralles EG. Analysis of the pH levels in energy and pre-workout beverages and frequency of consumption: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 2024;24(1):1082.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"7009_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1159\/000455376","volume":"28","author":"T Saads Carvalho","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saads Carvalho T, Lussi A. Acidic beverages and foods associated with dental erosion and erosive tooth wear. Monogr Oral Sci. 2019;28:91\u20138.","journal-title":"Monogr Oral Sci"},{"key":"7009_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1076","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.57788","volume":"13","author":"J Silva","year":"2021","unstructured":"Silva J, Martins J, de Sousa E, Fernandes N, Meira I, Sampaio F, et al. Influence of energy drinks on enamel erosion: in vitro study using different assessment techniques. J Clin Exp Dent. 2021;13:e1076\u201382.","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Dent"},{"issue":"5","key":"7009_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5712(03)00046-0","volume":"31","author":"NX West","year":"2003","unstructured":"West NX, Hughes JA, Parker DM, Moohan M, Addy M. Development of low erosive carbonated fruit drinks 2. Evaluation of an experimental carbonated blackcurrant drink compared to a conventional carbonated drink. J Dent. 2003;31(5):361\u20135.","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"issue":"7","key":"7009_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15071785","volume":"15","author":"AM Inchingolo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Inchingolo AM, Malcangi G, Ferrante L, Del Vecchio G, Viapiano F, Mancini A, et al. Damage from carbonated soft drinks on enamel: a systematic review. Nutrients. 2023;15(7):1785.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"7009_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15061368","volume":"15","author":"J Walton","year":"2023","unstructured":"Walton J, Wittekind A. Soft drink intake in Europe\u2014a review of data from nationally representative food consumption surveys. Nutrients. 2023;15(6):1368.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"7009_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1038\/ijos.2015.58","volume":"8","author":"IH Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim IH, Son JS, Min BK, Kim YK, Kim KH, Kwon TY. A simple, sensitive, and non-destructive technique for characterizing bovine dental enamel erosion: attenuated total reflection fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Int J Oral Sci. 2016;8(1):54\u201360.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"issue":"18","key":"7009_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5852","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27185852","volume":"27","author":"K Sarna-Bo\u015b","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sarna-Bo\u015b K, Boguta P, Skic K, Wi\u0105cek D, Maksymiuk P, Sobieszcza\u0144ski J, Cha\u0142as R. Physicochemical properties and surface characteristics of ground human teeth. Molecules. 2022;27(18):5852. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules27185852.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"5","key":"7009_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1159\/000433435","volume":"24","author":"R Barac","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barac R, Gasic J, Trutic N, Sunaric S, Popovic J, Djekic P, et al. Erosive effect of different soft drinks on enamel surface in vitro: application of Stylus profilometry. Med Princ Pract. 2015;24(5):451\u20137.","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"key":"7009_CR17","volume-title":"Chemistry for the IB diploma","author":"S Owen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Owen S, Ahmed C, Martin C, Woodward R. Chemistry for the IB diploma. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2014.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"2","key":"7009_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511002820","volume":"107","author":"A Lussi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lussi A, Megert B, Shellis RP, Wang X. Analysis of the erosive effect of different dietary substances and medications. Br J Nutr. 2011;107(2):252\u201362.","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"7009_CR19","volume-title":"Quantitative chemical analysis","author":"DC Harris","year":"2007","unstructured":"Harris DC. Quantitative chemical analysis. 7th ed. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company; 2007.","edition":"7"},{"issue":"1","key":"7009_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-022-04727-z","volume":"27","author":"TI Vieira","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vieira TI, de Sousa Andrade KM, Cabral LM, Valen\u00e7a AM, Maia LC, Batista AU. Linear and areal surface roughness assessments for the study of tooth wear in human enamel. Clin Oral Investig. 2023;27(1):329\u201338.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"9","key":"7009_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1080\/05704928.2018.1431923","volume":"53","author":"C de Lopes","year":"2018","unstructured":"de Lopes C, Limirio PH, Novais VR, Dechichi P. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) application: chemical characterization of enamel, dentin and bone. Appl Spectrosc Rev. 2018;53(9):747\u201369.","journal-title":"Appl Spectrosc Rev"},{"key":"7009_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.55556.1","volume":"10","author":"I Al-Amri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al-Amri I, Albounni R, Binalrimal S. Evaluation of the effect of soft drinks on the surface roughness of dental enamel in natural human teeth. F1000Res. 2021;10:1138.","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"7009_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-7406.163508","volume":"7","author":"K Trivedi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Trivedi K, Bhaskar V, Ganesh M, Venkataraghavan K, Choudhary P, Shah S, et al. Erosive potential of commonly used beverages, medicated syrup, and their effects on dental enamel with and without restoration: an in vitro study. J Pharm Bioall Sci. 2015;7(6):474.","journal-title":"J Pharm Bioall Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"7009_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2011.05.001","volume":"6","author":"P Benjakul","year":"2011","unstructured":"Benjakul P, Chuenarrom C. Association of dental enamel loss with the pH and titratable acidity of beverages. J Dent Sci. 2011;6(3):129\u201333.","journal-title":"J Dent Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"7009_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2004.12.002","volume":"33","author":"T Jensdottir","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jensdottir T, Bardow A, Holbrook P. Properties and modification of soft drinks in relation to their erosive potential in vitro. J Dent. 2005;33(7):569\u201375.","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"7009_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2007.00513.x","volume":"116","author":"AT Hara","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hara AT, Zero DT. Analysis of the erosive potential of calcium-containing acidic beverages. Eur J Oral Sci. 2008;116(1):60\u20135.","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"7009_CR27","first-page":"245","volume":"1","author":"A Wiegand","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wiegand A, Attin T. Influence of fluoride on the prevention of erosive lesions\u2013a review. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2003;1(4):245\u201353.","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev Dent"},{"issue":"2","key":"7009_CR28","first-page":"150","volume":"55","author":"P Jain","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jain P, Nihill P, Sobkowski J, Agustin MZ. Commercial soft drinks: pH and in vitro dissolution of enamel. Gen Dent. 2007;55(2):150\u20134.","journal-title":"Gen Dent"},{"issue":"7","key":"7009_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.5005\/jcdp-8-7-11","volume":"8","author":"BM Owens","year":"2007","unstructured":"Owens BM, Kitchens M. The erosive potential of soft drinks on enamel surface substrate: an in vitro scanning electron microscopy investigation. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2007;8(7):11\u201320.","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"7009_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5321\/wjs.v5.i1.1","volume":"5","author":"U Erdemir","year":"2016","unstructured":"Erdemir U, Yildiz E, Saygi G. Effects of energy and sports drinks on tooth structures and restorative materials. World J Stomatol. 2016;5(1):1\u20137.","journal-title":"World J Stomatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7009_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2005.06.002","volume":"34","author":"ME Barbour","year":"2006","unstructured":"Barbour ME, Finke M, Parker DM, Hughes JA, Allen GC, Addy M. The relationship between enamel softening and erosion caused by soft drinks at a range of temperatures. J Dent. 2006;34(3):207\u201313.","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"7009_CR32","first-page":"10","volume":"82","author":"MA de Melo","year":"2015","unstructured":"de Melo MA, Passos VF, Lima JP, Parente GC, Rodrigues LK, Santiago SL. Erosive potential of processed and fresh orange juice on human enamel. J Dent Child (Chic). 2015;82(1):10\u20135.","journal-title":"J Dent Child (Chic)"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"7009_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-007-0179-z","volume":"12","author":"A Lussi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lussi A, Jaeggi T. Erosion\u2013diagnosis and risk factors. Clin Oral Investig. 2008;12(Suppl 1):S5\u201313.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"3","key":"7009_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-7757-2016-0304","volume":"25","author":"CRB Alencar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alencar CRB, Oliveira GC, Magalh\u00e3es AC, Buzalaf MAR, Machado MAAM, Hon\u00f3rio HM, Rios D. In situ effect of CPP-ACP chewing gum upon erosive enamel loss. J Appl Oral Sci. 2017;25(3):258\u201364.","journal-title":"J Appl Oral Sci"},{"issue":"20","key":"7009_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5974","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14205974","volume":"14","author":"M Reise","year":"2021","unstructured":"Reise M, Kranz S, Heyder M, Jandt KD, Sigusch BW. Effectiveness of casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) compared to fluoride products in an In-Vitro demineralization model. Mater (Basel). 2021;14(20):5974.","journal-title":"Mater (Basel)"},{"issue":"6","key":"7009_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-019-00420-0","volume":"20","author":"A Lussi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lussi A, Buzalaf MAR, Duangthip D, Anttonen V, Ganss C, Jo\u00e3o-Souza SH, Baumann T, Carvalho TS. The use of fluoride for the prevention of dental erosion and erosive tooth wear in children and adolescents. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2019;20(6):517\u201327.","journal-title":"Eur Arch Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"7009_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34760","DOI":"10.1038\/srep34760","volume":"6","author":"T Baumann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baumann T, Kozik J, Lussi A, Carvalho TS. Erosion protection conferred by whole human saliva, dialysed saliva, and artificial saliva. Sci Rep. 2016;6:34760.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"7009_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2020.104890","volume":"119","author":"EA Taira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Taira EA, Carvalho G, Ferrari CR, Martini T, Pel\u00e1 VT, Ventura TMO, Dionizio AS, Crusca E, Marchetto R, Buzalaf MAR. Statherin-derived peptide protects against intrinsic erosion. Arch Oral Biol. 2020;119:104890.","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"7009_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2010.00779.x","volume":"118","author":"AJ White","year":"2010","unstructured":"White AJ, Yorath C, ten Hengel V, Leary SD, Huysmans MC, Barbour ME. Human and bovine enamel erosion under \u2018single-drink\u2019 conditions. Eur J Oral Sci. 2010;118(6):604\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Sci"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07009-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07009-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07009-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T12:43:03Z","timestamp":1760359383000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07009-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7009"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07009-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Health Science Center Ethical Committee, Kuwait University (reference number: 240). All experiments were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations such as the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all participants to take part in this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1598"}}