{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T23:28:32Z","timestamp":1761175712407,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["no. 82271039\uff0c82071171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no. 82271039\uff0c82071171"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["no. 2022YFC2405401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no. 2022YFC2405401"]}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing","award":["no. 30307472331"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no. 30307472331"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-07046-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T07:39:05Z","timestamp":1761118745000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Three-dimensional finite element analysis of two-implant-supported locator overdenture in different reinforced denture base designs under four loading conditions"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tuanfeng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zixuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yijiao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"7046_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2009.728","volume":"207","author":"JM Thomason","year":"2009","unstructured":"Thomason JM, Feine J, Exley C, Moynihan P, M\u00fcller F, Naert I, et al. Mandibular two implant-supported overdentures as the first choice standard of care for edentulous patients\u2014the York consensus statement. Br Dent J. 2009;207:185\u20136.","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"issue":"4","key":"7046_CR2","first-page":"413","volume":"15","author":"JS Feine","year":"2002","unstructured":"Feine JS, Carlsson GE, Awad MA, Chehade A, Duncan WJ, Gizani S, Head T, Lund JP, MacEntee M, Mericske-Stern R, Mojon P, Morais J, Naert I, Payne AG, Penrod J, Stoker GT Jr, Tawse-Smith A, Taylor TD, Thomason JM, Thomson WM, Wismeijer D. The McGill consensus statement on overdentures. Int J Prosthodont. 2002;15(4):413\u20134.","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont"},{"issue":"1","key":"7046_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2011.08.017","volume":"40","author":"JM Thomason","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thomason JM, Kelly SA, Bendkowski A, Ellis JS. Two implant retained overdentures\u2013a review of the literature supporting the McGill and York consensus statements. J Dent. 2012;40(1):22\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdent.2011.08.017.","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"issue":"5","key":"7046_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-3341","volume":"23","author":"A Kumar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kumar A, Karthik KVGC, Sunkala L, Bejagam V, Rathore KK, Rai P. Evaluation of the mean bite force and masticatory performance of maxillary and mandibular complete dentures vs mandibular implant-supported over denture. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2022;23(5):513\u20139.","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"key":"7046_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1097\/01.id.0000202419.21665.36","volume":"15","author":"T Trakas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Trakas T, Michalakis K, Kang K, Hirayama H. Attachment systems for implant retained overdentures: a literature review. Implant Dent. 2006;15:24\u201334.","journal-title":"Implant Dent"},{"key":"7046_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-849X.2009.00550.x","volume":"19","author":"CT Nguyen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nguyen CT, Masri R, Driscoll CF, Romberg E. The effect of denture cleansing solutions on the retention of pink locator attachments: an in vitro study. J Prosthodont. 2010;19:226\u201330.","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"key":"7046_CR7","first-page":"313","volume":"40","author":"W Sadig","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sadig W. A comparative in vitro study on the retention and stability of implant-supported overdentures. Quintessence Int. 2009;40:313\u20139.","journal-title":"Quintessence Int"},{"key":"7046_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.4012\/dmj.26.232","volume":"26","author":"OM Do\u011fan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Do_gan OM, Bolayir G, Keskin S, Do_gan A, Bek B, Boztu_g A. The effect of esthetic fibers on impact resistance of a conventional heat-cured denture base resin. Dent Mater J. 2007;26:232\u20139.","journal-title":"Dent Mater J"},{"key":"7046_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2842.1999.00375.x","volume":"26","author":"DC Jagger","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jagger DC, Harrison A, Jandt KD. The reinforcement of dentures. J Oral Rehabil. 1999;26:185\u201394.","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"7046_CR10","first-page":"105","volume":"8","author":"HW Wiskott","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wiskott HW, Nicholls JI, Belser UC. Stress fatigue: basic principles and prosthodontic implications. Int J Prosthodont. 1995;8:105\u201316.","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont"},{"key":"7046_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(10)60026-1","volume":"103","author":"T Gonda","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gonda T, Maeda Y, Walton JN, MacEntee MI. Fracture incidence in mandibular overdentures retained by one or two implants. J Prosthet Dent. 2010;103:178\u201381.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"7046_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1067\/mpr.2000.108025","volume":"84","author":"JP Duncan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Duncan JP, Freilich MA, Latvis CJ. Fiber-reinforced composite framework for implant-supported overdentures. J Prosthet Dent. 2000;84:200\u20134.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"7046_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910708600716","volume":"86","author":"T Gonda","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gonda T, Ikebe K, Dong J, Nokubi T. Effect of reinforcement on overdenture strain. J Dent Res. 2007;86:667\u201371.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"7046_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.10.022","volume":"48","author":"S Arat Bilhan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arat Bilhan S, Baykasoglu C, Bilhan H, Kutay O, Mugan A. Effect of attachment types and number of implants supporting mandibular overdentures on stress distribution: a computed tomography-based 3D finite element analysis. J Biomech. 2015;48:130\u20137.","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"7046_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(13)60312-1","volume":"109","author":"TB \u00d6z\u00e7elik","year":"2013","unstructured":"\u00d6z\u00e7elik TB, Y\u0131lmaz B, Ak\u00e7imen Y. Metal reinforcement for implant-supported mandibular overdentures. J Prosthet Dent. 2013;109:338\u201340.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"7046_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2017.07.016","volume":"119","author":"CF Amaral","year":"2018","unstructured":"Amaral CF, Gomes RS, Rodrigues Garcia RCM, Del Bel Cury AA. Stress distribution of single-implant-retained overdenture reinforced with a framework: a finite element analysis study. J Prosthet Dent. 2018;119:791\u20136.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"7046_CR17","first-page":"400","volume":"58","author":"J Piermatti","year":"2010","unstructured":"Piermatti J, Winkler S. Metal bases for implant overdentures. Gen Dent. 2010;58:400\u20133.","journal-title":"Gen Dent"},{"key":"7046_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2003.12.003","volume":"20","author":"SR Dyer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dyer SR, Lassila LVJ, Jokinen M, Vallittu PK. Effect of fiber position and orientation on fracture load of fiber-reinforced composite. Dent Mater. 2004;20:947\u201355.","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"7046_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1163\/156856196X00904","volume":"10","author":"K Takagi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Takagi K, Fujimatsu H, Usami H, Ogasawara S. Adhesion between high strength and high modulus polyethylene fibers by use of polyethylene gel as an adhesive. J Adhes Sci Technol. 1996;10:869\u201382.","journal-title":"J Adhes Sci Technol"},{"key":"7046_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(99)00097-4","volume":"16","author":"T Kanie","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kanie T, Fujii K, Arikawa H, Inoue K. Flexural properties and impact strength of denture base polymer reinforced with woven glass fibers. Dent Mater. 2000;16:150\u20138.","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"7046_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2014.958875","volume":"73","author":"Y Maruo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maruo Y, Nishigawa G, Irie M, Yoshihara K, Minagi S. Flexural properties of polyethylene, glass and carbon fiber-reinforced resin composites for prosthetic frameworks. Acta Odontol Scand. 2015;73:581\u20137.","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"7046_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.11.041","volume":"23","author":"S Garoushi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Garoushi S, Lassila LVJ, Tezvergil A, Vallittu PK. Static and fatigue compression test for particulate filler composite resin with fiber-reinforced composite substructure. Dent Mater. 2007;23:17\u201323.","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"7046_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"001","DOI":"10.5005\/jcdp-7-4-1","volume":"7","author":"SK Garoushi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Garoushi SK, Lassila LVJ, Tezvergil A, Vallittu PK. Fiber-reinforced composite substructure: load-bearing capacity of an onlay restoration and flexural properties of the material. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2006;7:001\u20138.","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"key":"7046_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2004.07.007","volume":"21","author":"KK Narva","year":"2005","unstructured":"Narva KK, Lassila LV, Vallittu PK. The static strength and modulus of fiber reinforced denture base polymer. Dent Mater. 2005;21:421\u20138.","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"issue":"5","key":"7046_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2019.02.010","volume":"121","author":"G Berger","year":"2019","unstructured":"Berger G, Pereira LF, Souza EM, Rached RN. A 3d finite element analysis of glass fiber reinforcement designs on the stress of an implant-supported overdenture. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;121(5):e8651-7.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"7046_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(11)60134-0","volume":"106","author":"RN Rached","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rached RN, De Souza EMH, Dyer SR, Ferracane JL. Dynamic and static strength of an implant-supported overdenture model reinforced with metal and nonmetal strengtheners. J Prosthet Dent. 2011;106:297\u2013304.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"7046_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(11)60150-9","volume":"106","author":"RS Fajardo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fajardo RS, Pruitt LA, Finzen FC, Marshall GW, Singh S, Curtis DA. The effect of E-glass fibers and acrylic resin thickness on fracture load in a simulated implant-supported overdenture prosthesis. J Prosthet Dent. 2011;106:373\u20137.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"issue":"2","key":"7046_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13004","volume":"28","author":"N Turker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Turker N, Buyukkaplan US, Sadowsky SJ, et al. Finite element stress analysis of applied forces to implants and supporting tissues using the all-on-four concept with different occlusal schemes [J]. J Prosthodont. 2019;28(2):185\u201394.","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"issue":"6","key":"7046_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2014.12.008","volume":"113","author":"C Costa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Costa C, Peixinho N, Silva JP, et al. Study and characterization of the crest module design: a 3D finite element analysis. J Prosthet Dent. 2015;113(6):541\u20137.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"7046_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2003.10.018","volume":"91","author":"G Eskitascioglu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Eskitascioglu G, Usumez A, Sevimay M, Soykan E, Unsal E. The influence of occlusal loading location on stresses transferred to implant-supported prostheses and supporting bone: a three-dimensional finite element study. J Prosthet Dent. 2004;91:144\u201350.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"7046_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.4012\/dmj.26.280","volume":"26","author":"M Ootaki","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ootaki M, Shin-Ya A, Gomi H, Shin-Ya A, Nakasone Y. Optimum design for fixed partial dentures made of hybrid resin with glass fiber reinforcement by finite element analysis: effect of vertical reinforced thickness on fiber frame. Dent Mater J. 2007;26:280\u20139.","journal-title":"Dent Mater J"},{"key":"7046_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(05)80310-5","volume":"74","author":"UR Darbar","year":"1995","unstructured":"Darbar UR, Huggett R, Harrison A, Williams K. Finite element analysis of stress distribution at the tooth-denture base interface of acrylic resin teeth debonding from the denture base. J Prosthet Dent. 1995;74:591\u20134.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"7046_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.11607\/ijp.3425","volume":"27","author":"CS Petrie","year":"2014","unstructured":"Petrie CS, Walker MP, Lu Y, Thiagarajan G. A preliminary three-dimensional finite element analysis of mandibular implant overdentures. Int J Prosthodont. 2014;27:70\u20132.","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont"},{"key":"7046_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-849X.2010.00656.x","volume":"20","author":"EO de Almeida","year":"2011","unstructured":"de Almeida EO, Rocha EP, Assun\u00e7\u00e3o WG, J\u00fanior AC, Anchieta RB. Cortical bone stress distribution in mandibles with different configurations restored with prefabricated bar-prosthesis protocol: a three-dimensional finite-element analysis. J Prosthodont. 2011;20:29\u201334.","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"key":"7046_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(05)80331-2","volume":"73","author":"DR Burns","year":"1995","unstructured":"Burns DR, Unger JW, Elswick RK, Beck DA. Prospective clinical evaluation of mandibular implant overdentures. Part I: retention, stability, and tissue response. J Prosthet Dent. 1995;73:354\u201363.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"7046_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-849X.2004.04042.x","volume":"13","author":"KH Chung","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chung KH, Chung CY, Cagna DR, Cronin RJ. Retention characteristics of attachment systems for implant overdentures. J Prosthodont. 2004;13:221\u20136.","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"key":"7046_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1080\/23337931.2018.1457445","volume":"4","author":"PK Vallittu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vallittu PK. An overview of development and status of fiber-reinforced composites as dental and medical biomaterials. Acta Biomater Odontol Scand. 2018;4:44\u201355.","journal-title":"Acta Biomater Odontol Scand"},{"key":"7046_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2017.02.034","volume":"75","author":"RS Gomes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gomes RS, Bergamo ETP, Bordin D, Cury AADB. The substitution of the implant and abutment for their analogs in mechanical studies: in vitro and in silico analysis. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2017;75:50\u20134.","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl"},{"key":"7046_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6440201300258","volume":"26","author":"LB Durand","year":"2015","unstructured":"Durand LB, Guimaraes JB, Monteiro Junior S, Baratieri LN. Effect of ceramic thickness and composite bases on stress distribution of inlays \u2013 a finite element analysis. Braz Dent J. 2015;26:146\u201351.","journal-title":"Braz Dent J"},{"key":"7046_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.11607\/ijp.3421","volume":"26","author":"T Gonda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gonda T, Dong J, Maeda Y. Stress analysis of an overdenture using the finite element method. Int J Prosthodont. 2013;26:340\u20132.","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont"},{"key":"7046_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(00)70006-0","volume":"83","author":"AH Rodrigues","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rodrigues AH. Metal reinforcement for implant-supported mandibular overdentures. J Prosthet Dent. 2000;83:511\u20133.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"7046_CR42","first-page":"e69","volume":"27","author":"HR Hong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hong HR, Pae A, Kim Y, Paek J, Kim HS, Kwon KR. Effect of implant position, angulation, and attachment height on peri-implant bone stress associated with mandibular two-implant overdentures: a finite element analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2012;27:e69\u201376.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"key":"7046_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e50","DOI":"10.1563\/AAID-JOI-D-13-00239","volume":"41","author":"O Ozan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ozan O, Ramoglu S. Effect of implant height differences on different attachment types and peri-implant bone in mandibular two-implant overdentures: 3D finite element study. J Oral Implantol. 2015;41:e50\u20139.","journal-title":"J Oral Implantol"},{"key":"7046_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2012.11.008","volume":"41","author":"J Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu J, Pan S, Dong J, Mo Z, Fan Y, Feng H. Influence of implant number on the biomechanical behaviour of mandibular implant-retained\/supported overdentures: a three-dimensional finite element analysis. J Dent. 2013;41:241\u20139.","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"7046_CR45","first-page":"741","volume":"9","author":"B Ebadian","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ebadian B, Farzin M, Talebi S, Khodaeian N. Evaluation of stress distribution of implant-retained mandibular overdenture with different vertical restorative spaces: a finite element analysis. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2012;9:741\u20137.","journal-title":"Dent Res J (Isfahan)"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07046-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07046-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07046-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T09:03:35Z","timestamp":1761123815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07046-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7046"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07046-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1472-6831"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant no. 82271039\uff0c82071171], the National Key Research and Development Program of China [grant no. 2022YFC2405401], and the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing [grant no. 30307472331]","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1658"}}