{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T06:06:27Z","timestamp":1767074787306,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":33,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Research Projects of Hebei Province Government Funding the Training of Excellent Clinical Medical Talents and Fundamental Research","award":["361029(MXZB00271)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["361029(MXZB00271)"]}]},{"name":"the Research Projects of Hebei Province Government Funding the Training of Excellent Clinical Medical Talents and Fundamental Research","award":["361029(MXZB00271)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["361029(MXZB00271)"]}]},{"name":"the Research Projects of Hebei Province Government Funding the Training of Excellent Clinical Medical Talents and Fundamental Research","award":["361029(MXZB00271)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["361029(MXZB00271)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-07176-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T06:23:12Z","timestamp":1764224592000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cannabinoid receptor 2 affect the inflammatory response in periodontitis by regulating macrophage M1\/M2 polarization"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Shu-Yue","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun-Yan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"7176_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13406","volume":"48","author":"Lorenzo Marini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marini Lorenzo, et al. \u201cThe staging and grading system in defining periodontitis cases: consistency and accuracy amongst periodontal experts, general dentists and undergraduate students.\u201d J Clin Periodontol. 2021;48(2):205\u201315.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"7176_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"American Academy of Periodontology Task Force Report on the Update to the 1999 Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions. J Periodontol. 2015;86(7):835\u2013838. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/jop.2015.157001.","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2015.157001"},{"issue":"1","key":"7176_CR3","first-page":"S11","volume":"54","author":"J Highfield","year":"2009","unstructured":"Highfield J. Diagnosis and classification of periodontal disease. Aust Dent J. 2009;54(1):S11\u201326.","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"issue":"5","key":"7176_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13769","volume":"50","author":"D Trindade","year":"2023","unstructured":"Trindade D, Carvalho R, Machado V, Chambrone L, Mendes JJ, Botelho J. Prevalence of periodontitis in dentate people between 2011 and 2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. J Clin Periodontol. 2023;50(5):604\u201326.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"7176_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763334","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.763334","volume":"12","author":"X Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun X, Gao J, Meng X, Lu X, Zhang L, Chen R. Polarized macrophages in periodontitis: characteristics, function, and molecular signaling. Front Immunol. 2021;12:763334.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"7176_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/615486","volume":"2015","author":"SA Hienz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hienz SA, Paliwal S, Ivanovski S. Mechanisms of bone resorption in periodontitis. J Immunol Res. 2015;2015:615486.","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"7176_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI59643","volume":"122","author":"A Sica","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sica A, Mantovani A. Macrophage plasticity and polarization: in vivo veritas. J Clin Invest. 2012;122(3):787\u201395.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"9","key":"7176_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6425","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26429","volume":"233","author":"A Shapouri-Moghaddam","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shapouri-Moghaddam A, Mohammadian S, Vazini H, et al. Macrophage plasticity, polarization, and function in health and disease. J Cell Physiol. 2018;233(9):6425\u201340.","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"7176_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2873","volume":"10","author":"G HAJISHENGALLIS","year":"2012","unstructured":"HAJISHENGALLIS G, DARVEAU RP, CURTIS MA. The keystone-pathogen hypothesis. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2012;10(10):717\u201325.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7176_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034514553817","volume":"94","author":"D He","year":"2015","unstructured":"He D, Kou X, Luo Q, et al. Enhanced M1\/M2 macrophage ratio promotes orthodontic root resorption. J Dent Res. 2015;94(1):129\u201339.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"7176_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2016.160081","volume":"87","author":"T Yu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yu T, Zhao L, Huang X, et al. Enhanced activity of the macrophage M1\/M2 phenotypes and phenotypic switch to M1 in periodontal infection. J Periodontol. 2016;87(9):1092\u2013102.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"7176_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjx096","volume":"11","author":"KL Leinwand","year":"2017","unstructured":"Leinwand KL, Jones AA, Huang RH, Jedlicka P, Kao DJ, de Zoeten EF, et al. Cannabinoid receptor-2 ameliorates inflammation in murine model of Crohn\u2019s disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017;11:1369\u201380.","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"7176_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.44","volume":"2","author":"JL Wilkerson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wilkerson JL, Gentry KR, Dengler EC, Wallace JA, Kerwin AA, Kuhn MN, Zvonok AM, Thakur GA, Makriyannis A, Milligan ED. Immunofluorescent spectral analysis reveals the intrathecal cannabinoid agonist, AM1241, produces spinal anti-inflammatory cytokine responses in neuropathic rats exhibiting relief from allodynia. Brain Behav. 2012;2:155\u201377.","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"7176_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2009.11.022","volume":"48","author":"P Mukhopadhyay","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mukhopadhyay P, Rajesh M, Pan H, Patel V, Mukhopadhyay B, B\u00e1tkai S, et al. Cannabinoid-2 receptor limits inflammation,oxidative\/nitrosative stress and cell death in nephropathy. Free Radic Biol Med. 2016;48:457\u201367.","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"7176_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2016.150612","volume":"87","author":"CA Ossola","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ossola CA, Surkin PN, Mohn CE, et al. Anti-inflammatory and osteoprotective effects of cannabinoid-2 receptor agonist HU-308 in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontitis. J Periodontol. 2016;87(6):725\u201334.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"7176_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12950-018-0201-z","volume":"15","author":"Y Du","year":"2018","unstructured":"Du Y, Ren P, Wang Q, et al. Cannabinoid 2 receptor attenuates inflammation during skin wound healing by inhibiting M1 macrophages rather than activating M2 macrophages. J Inflamm. 2018;15:25.","journal-title":"J Inflamm"},{"key":"7176_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117989","volume":"256","author":"P Jiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jiang P, Wang L, Zhang M, et al. Cannabinoid type 2 receptor manipulates skeletal muscle regeneration partly by regulating macrophage M1\/M2 polarization in IR injury in mice. Life Sci. 2020;256:117989.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"7176_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118424","volume":"260","author":"Q Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu Q, Ma Y, Liu Y, Wang N, Zhao X, Wen D. CB2R agonist JWH-133 attenuates chronic inflammation by restraining M1 macrophage polarization via Nrf2\/HO-1 pathway in diet-induced obese mice [published correction appears in Life Sci. Life Sci. 2020;260:118424.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"7176_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-022-01037-8","volume":"44","author":"SL Cai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cai SL, Fan XG, Wu J, et al. CB2R agonist GW405833 alleviates acute liver failure in mice via inhibiting HIF-1\u03b1-mediated reprogramming of glycometabolism and macrophage proliferation. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2023;44(7):1391\u2013403.","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"issue":"8","key":"7176_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1080\/13543776.2024.2368745","volume":"34","author":"M Kosar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kosar M, Mach L, Carreira EM, et al. Patent review of cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB\u2009<\u2009sub\u2009>\u20092\u2009R) modulators (2016-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat. 2024;34(8):665\u2013700.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Pat"},{"issue":"8","key":"7176_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.3c00027","volume":"6","author":"H Mamdouh Hashiesh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mamdouh Hashiesh H, Sheikh A, Meeran MFN, et al. \u03b2-caryophyllene, a dietary phytocannabinoid, alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation activating cannabinoid type-2 receptors. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci. 2023;6(8):1129\u201342 (Published 2023 Jul 26).","journal-title":"ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci"},{"key":"7176_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111639","volume":"140","author":"HM Hashiesh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hashiesh HM, Sharma C, Goyal SN, et al. A focused review on CB2 receptor-selective pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential of \u03b2-caryophyllene, a dietary cannabinoid. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021;140:111639.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"7176_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107657","volume":"213","author":"MS Garc\u00eda-Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2025","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Guti\u00e9rrez MS, Torregrosa AB, Navarrete F, et al. A comprehensive review of the multifaceted role of cannabinoid receptor type 2 in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Pharmacol Res. 2025;213:107657.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"7176_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-023-01761-y","volume":"9","author":"H Tao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tao H, Li X, Chu M, et al. CB2 regulates oxidative stress and osteoclastogenesis through NOX1-dependent signaling pathway in titanium particle-induced osteolysis. Cell Death Discov. 2023;9(1):461. Published 2023 Dec 16.","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"issue":"6","key":"7176_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345211059418","volume":"101","author":"Y Han","year":"2022","unstructured":"Han Y, Huang Y, Gao P, et al. Leptin aggravates periodontitis by promoting M1 polarization via NLRP3. J Dent Res. 2022;101(6):675\u201385.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"7176_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2024.116724","volume":"232","author":"B Yu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yu B, Qiao Y, Sun X, Yin Y. KAT3B-mediated succinylation of DERL3 suppresses osteogenic differentiation by promoting M1\/M2 macrophage polarization. Biochem Pharmacol. 2025;232:116724.","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"7176_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875091","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.875091","volume":"13","author":"R Ai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ai R, Li D, Shi L, et al. Periodontitis induced by orthodontic wire ligature drives oral microflora dysbiosis and aggravates alveolar bone loss in an improved murine model. Front Microbiol. 2022;13:875091. Published 2022 Sep 8.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"7176_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2013.05.002","volume":"394","author":"T Abe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abe T, Hajishengallis G. Optimization of the ligature-induced periodontitis model in mice. J Immunol Methods. 2013;394(1\u20132):49\u201354.","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"7176_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1159\/000513034","volume":"106","author":"N Nessa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nessa N, Kobara M, Toba H, et al. Febuxostat attenuates the progression of periodontitis in rats. Pharmacology. 2021;106(5\u20136):294\u2013304.","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"issue":"12","key":"7176_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.23101","volume":"81","author":"RS de Molon","year":"2018","unstructured":"de Molon RS, Park CH, Jin Q, Sugai J, Cirelli JA. Characterization of ligature-induced experimental periodontitis. Microsc Res Tech. 2018;81(12):1412\u201321.","journal-title":"Microsc Res Tech"},{"key":"7176_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034518797275","volume":"98","author":"X Jia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jia X, Jia L, Mo L, et al. Berberine ameliorates periodontal bone loss by regulating gut microbiota. J Dent Res. 2019;98:107\u201316.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"7176_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2007.060252","volume":"78","author":"CH Park","year":"2007","unstructured":"Park CH, Abramson ZR, Taba M Jr, et al. Three-dimensional micro-computed tomographic imaging of alveolar bone in experimental bone loss or repair. J Periodontol. 2007;78(2):273\u201381.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"7176_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00330","volume":"11","author":"A Almubarak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Almubarak A, Tanagala KKK, Papapanou PN, Lalla E, Momen-Heravi F. Disruption of monocyte and macrophage homeostasis in periodontitis. Front Immunol. 2020;11:330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00330. Published 2020 Feb 26.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"7176_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4536","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1502454","volume":"196","author":"MA Dale","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dale MA, Xiong W, Carson JS, Suh MK, Karpisek AD, Meisinger TM, Casale GP, Baxter BT. Elastin-derived peptides promote abdominal aortic aneurysm formation by modulating M1\/M2 macrophage polarization. J Immunol. 2016;196:4536\u201343.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"7176_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.10.088","volume":"494","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Guo Y, Jiang Y, Zhu X, Liu Y, Zhang X. Mitophagy regulates macrophage phenotype in diabetic nephropathy rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2017;494:42\u201350.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"7176_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12912","volume":"56","author":"B Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang B, Yang Y, Yi J, Zhao Z, Ye R. Hyperglycemia modulates M1\/M2 macrophage polarization via reactive oxygen species overproduction in ligature-induced periodontitis. J Periodontal Res. 2021;56(5):991\u20131005.","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"key":"7176_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628139","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.628139","volume":"9","author":"JL Pathak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pathak JL, Fang Y, Chen Y, et al. Downregulation of macrophage-specific Act-1 intensifies periodontitis and alveolar bone loss possibly via TNF\/NF-\u03baB signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;9:628139 (Published 2021 Mar 4).","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"7176_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20082023","volume":"20","author":"Y Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang Y, Tian C, Li Q, Xu Q. TET1 knockdown inhibits Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS\/IFN-\u03b3-Induced M1 macrophage polarization through the NF-\u03baB pathway in THP-1 cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(8):2023. Published 2019 Apr 24.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"7176_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2023.105686","volume":"150","author":"J Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li J, Liu Y, Lai W, et al. MicroRNA-126 regulates macrophage polarization to prevent the resorption of alveolar bone in diabetic periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol. 2023;150:105686.","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7176_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.13196","volume":"59","author":"L Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang L, Tao W, Xie C, et al. Interleukin-37 ameliorates periodontitis development by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and modulating M1\/M2 macrophage polarization. J Periodontal Res. 2024;59(1):128\u201339.","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"7176_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.13046","volume":"57","author":"X Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li X, Guo L, Sato F, et al. Dec2 negatively regulates bone resorption in periodontitis. J Periodontal Res. 2022;57(5):1056\u201369.","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"key":"7176_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2017.03.006","volume":"96","author":"J Yang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang J, Zhu Y, Duan D, et al. Enhanced activity of macrophage M1\/M2 phenotypes in periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol. 2018;96:234\u201342.","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"7176_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-023-01850-1","volume":"46","author":"X Guo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guo X, Huang Z, Ge Q, et al. Glipizide alleviates periodontitis pathogenicity via inhibition of angiogenesis, osteoclastogenesis and M1\/M2 macrophage ratio in periodontal tissue. Inflammation. 2023;46(5):1917\u201331.","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"7176_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.06.006","volume":"786","author":"LL Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang LL, Zhao R, Li JY, et al. Pharmacological activation of cannabinoid 2 receptor attenuates inflammation, fibrogenesis, and promotes re-epithelialization during skin wound healing. Eur J Pharmacol. 2016;786:128\u201336.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"7176_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12765","volume":"55","author":"AH Abidi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abidi AH, Alghamdi SS, Dabbous MK, Tipton DA, Mustafa SM, Moore BM. Cannabinoid type-2 receptor agonist, inverse agonist, and Anandamide regulation of inflammatory responses in IL-1\u03b2 stimulated primary human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. J Periodontal Res. 2020;55(5):762\u201383.","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"key":"7176_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2017.12.005","volume":"87","author":"AH Abidi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abidi AH, Presley CS, Dabbous M, Tipton DA, Mustafa SM, Moore BM 2nd. Anti-inflammatory activity of cannabinoid receptor 2 ligands in primary hPDL fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol. 2018;87:79\u201385.","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"7176_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345211036072","volume":"101","author":"DA Scott","year":"2022","unstructured":"Scott DA, Dukka H, Saxena D. Potential mechanisms underlying Marijuana-associated periodontal tissue destruction. J Dent Res. 2022;101(2):133\u201342.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"7176_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.13103","volume":"58","author":"G Pellegrini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pellegrini G, Carmagnola D, Toma M, Rasperini G, Orioli M, Dellavia C. Involvement of the endocannabinoid system in current and recurrent periodontitis: a human study. J Periodontal Res. 2023;58(2):422\u201332.","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"7176_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3233\/THC-220092","volume":"31","author":"W Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang W, Guan N, Zhang X, Liu Y, Gao X, Wang L. Study on the imbalance of M1\/M2 macrophage polarization in severe chronic periodontitis. Technol Health Care. 2023;31(1):117\u201324.","journal-title":"Technol Health Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"7176_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034520910127","volume":"99","author":"X Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu X, Chen H, Wang Y, Gu Y. Akt2 affects periodontal inflammation via altering the M1\/M2 ratio. J Dent Res. 2020;99(5):577\u201387.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"7176_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05214-7","volume":"22","author":"L Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang L, Nie F, Zhao J, et al. PGRN is involved in macrophage M2 polarization regulation through TNFR2 in periodontitis. J Transl Med. 2024;22(1):407. Published 2024 Apr 30.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"7176_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338244","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1338244","volume":"14","author":"F Ye","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ye F, Wang L, Li Y, et al. IL4I1 in M2-like macrophage promotes glioma progression and is a promising target for immunotherapy. Front Immunol. 2024;14:1338244. Published 2024 Jan 5.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"7176_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13730","volume":"50","author":"X Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu X, Wang Y, Chen H, et al. Phosphatase and tensin homologue determine inflammatory status by differentially regulating the expression of Akt1 and Akt2 in macrophage alternative polarization of periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2023;50(2):220\u201331.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"7176_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2022.10.003","volume":"50","author":"L Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang L, Liang D, Huang Y, et al. SAP deficiency aggravates periodontitis possibly via C5a-C5aR signaling-mediated defective macrophage phagocytosis of Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Adv Res. 2023;50:55\u201368.","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"7176_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13999","volume":"51","author":"D Qiao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qiao D, Cheng S, Song S, et al. Polarized M2 macrophages induced by glycosylated nano-hydroxyapatites activate bone regeneration in periodontitis therapy. J Clin Periodontol. 2024;51(8):1054\u201365.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"7176_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huangfu Y, Zhao Z, Liu X et al. An Off-the-Shelf artificial blood clot hydrogel neutralizing multiple Proinflammatory mediators for Pro-Regenerative periodontitis Treatment. Adv sci (Weinh). 2025;12(31):e04106","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202504106"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07176-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07176-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07176-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T06:03:52Z","timestamp":1767074632000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07176-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7176"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07176-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1472-6831"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The animal experimental protocol was approved by the Scientific Research Ethics Review Committee of Hebei Medical University. (Number: 20220301).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1990"}}