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The Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS) is a patient-reported outcome measure recommended by the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. The aim of the study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the JFLS for the Arabic language and to test its validity and reliability in Egyptian patients with TMDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The JFLS was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Modern Standard Arabic according to standard guidelines. The construct validity was assessed in 54 patients with TMD who completed the Arabic versions of JFLS (JFLS-Ar), the Arabic version of Oral Health Impact Profile 5 (OHIP5-Ar), and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Test\u2013retest reliability was estimated in 30 participants who completed the JFLS-Ar again within seven days. Cronbach\u2019s alpha coefficient was used to determine the internal consistency of the items in the JFLS-Ar.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The total score (0\u2013200) of the JFLS-Ar showed moderate correlations with both OHIP5-Ar (\u03c1\u2009=\u20090.58,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and NPRS (\u03c1\u2009=\u20090.56,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The global score (average of the three domain scores, 0\u201310) showed moderate correlations with both OHIP5-Ar (\u03c1\u2009=\u20090.56,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and NPRS (\u03c1\u2009=\u20090.56,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The short form global score (average of 8 specific items, 0\u201310) showed moderate correlations with both OHIP5-Ar (\u03c1\u2009=\u20090.61,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and NPRS (\u03c1\u2009=\u20090.6,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The total score showed excellent test\u2013retest reliability with an ICC of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95\u20130.99), Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) of 6.17, and Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) of 17.1. The global score showed excellent test\u2013retest reliability with an ICC of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.93\u20130.98), SEM of 0.38, and MDC of 1.06. The short form global score showed excellent test\u2013retest reliability with an ICC of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.98\u20130.995), SEM of 0.2, and MDC of 0.55. The Cronbach\u2019s alpha coefficient of the 20-item JFLS-Ar and the 8\u2010item JFLS-Ar was 0.938 and 0.852, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The JFLS-Ar represents a valid and reliable instrument for use in Arabic-speaking patients with TMDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-07392-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T13:16:30Z","timestamp":1765286190000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS-Ar) in patients with temporomandibular disorders"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4616-0443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hosny","family":"Elkhawaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0617-1587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdallah","family":"Gamiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5396-9988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Badr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5556-579X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doaa Ahmed","family":"Haridy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6665-8855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aya Abdelhamied","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"7392_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/ors.12473","volume":"13","author":"FP Kapos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kapos FP, Exposto FG, Oyarzo JF, Durham J. 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