{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T12:10:18Z","timestamp":1793275818800,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":70,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-07496-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T03:44:02Z","timestamp":1765424642000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Validate artificial intelligence for the diagnosis of periodontal disease"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Alhassan","family":"Hameedaldeen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuhair S","family":"Natto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed A","family":"Alhassani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"7496_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17038","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.38","volume":"3","author":"DF Kinane","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kinane DF, Stathopoulou PG, Papapanou PN. Periodontal diseases. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017;3:17038.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"6","key":"7496_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12839","volume":"51","author":"AA Alhassani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alhassani AA. The influence of periodontitis case definition on the association between periodontal disease and glycaemic status. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2023;51(6):1100\u20138.","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"7496_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-018-2667-8","volume":"23","author":"L Nibali","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nibali L, Donos N, Terranova V, Di Pino A, Di Marca S, Ferrara V, et al. Left ventricular geometry and periodontitis in patients with the metabolic syndrome. Clin Oral Investig. 2019;23(6):2695\u2013703.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"Suppl 20","key":"7496_CR4","first-page":"S1","volume":"45","author":"JG Caton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Caton JG, Armitage G, Berglundh T, Chapple ILC, Jepsen S, Kornman KS, et al. A new classification scheme for periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions - Introduction and key changes from the 1999 classification. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45(Suppl 20):S1\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"12","key":"7496_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2012.110664","volume":"83","author":"PI Eke","year":"2012","unstructured":"Eke PI, Page RC, Wei L, Thornton-Evans G, Genco RJ. Update of the case definitions for population-based surveillance of periodontitis. J Periodontol. 2012;83(12):1449\u201354.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"Suppl 20","key":"7496_CR6","first-page":"S149","volume":"45","author":"MS Tonetti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tonetti MS, Greenwell H, Kornman KS. Staging and grading of periodontitis: framework and proposal of a new classification and case definition. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45(Suppl 20):S149\u201361.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"2","key":"7496_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dentre.2024.100081","volume":"4","author":"M Ghaffari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ghaffari M, Zhu Y, Shrestha A. A review of advancements of artificial intelligence in dentistry. Dent Rev. 2024;4(2):100081.","journal-title":"Dent Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"7496_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2022.01.026","volume":"130","author":"M Revilla-Leon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Revilla-Leon M, Gomez-Polo M, Barmak AB, Inam W, Kan JYK, Kois JC, et al. Artificial intelligence models for diagnosing gingivitis and periodontal disease: a systematic review. J Prosthet Dent. 2023;130(6):816\u201324.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"issue":"3","key":"7496_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-1201","volume":"43","author":"SE Choi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Choi SE, Sima C, Pandya A. Impact of treating oral disease on preventing vascular diseases: a model-based cost-effectiveness analysis of periodontal treatment among patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(3):563\u201371.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"7496_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.24198\/pjd.vol24no1.15373","volume":"24","author":"AD Lestari","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lestari AD, Azhari A, Wendari S. The measurement of the alveolar bone crest in aggressive periodontitis using cone beam computed tomography imaging. Padjadjaran J Dentistry. 2012;24(1):8\u201312.","journal-title":"Padjadjaran J Dentistry"},{"key":"7496_CR11","unstructured":"Ash MM, Nelson SJ. Wheeler\u2019s Dental Anatomy, Physiology and Occlusion 8th. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2003 2003."},{"issue":"6","key":"7496_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2013.43.6.271","volume":"43","author":"SY Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim SY, Lim SH, Gang SN, Kim HJ. Crown and root lengths of incisors, canines, and premolars measured by cone-beam computed tomography in patients with malocclusions. Korean J Orthod. 2013;43(6):271\u20138.","journal-title":"Korean J Orthod"},{"issue":"7","key":"7496_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2018.04.023","volume":"149","author":"PI Eke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eke PI, Thornton-Evans GO, Wei L, Borgnakke WS, Dye BA, Genco RJ. Periodontitis in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009\u20132014. J Am Dent Assoc. 2018;149(7):576-588.e6.","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"7496_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.2478\/jccm-2021-0022","volume":"5","author":"A Santini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Santini A, Man A, Void\u0103zan S. Accuracy of diagnostic tests. J Crit Care Med (Targu Mures). 2021;5(3):241\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/jccm-2021-0022.","journal-title":"J Crit Care Med (Targu Mures)"},{"issue":"3","key":"7496_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031","volume":"22","author":"ML McHugh","year":"2012","unstructured":"McHugh ML. Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2012;22(3):276\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11613\/BM.2012.031.","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"issue":"3","key":"7496_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.5624\/isd.20230092","volume":"53","author":"A Tariq","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tariq A, Nakhi FB, Salah F, Eltayeb G, Abdulla GJ, Najim N, et al. Efficiency and accuracy of artificial intelligence in the radiographic detection of periodontal bone loss: a systematic review. Imaging Sci Dent. 2023;53(3):193\u20138.","journal-title":"Imaging Sci Dent"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07496-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07496-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07496-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T16:42:11Z","timestamp":1771519331000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07496-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7496"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07496-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Institutional Review Board (IRB) exemptions were obtained from both Tufts University Health Sciences Institutional Review Board (HRP-210) and Harvard University Institutional Review Board (IRB23-1410) prior to initiating the study. The Tufts University IRB waived the requirement for informed consent, as the study involved secondary analysis of de-identified patient data. A Data Use Agreement (DUA24-0762) was obtained to ensure the lawful sharing, protection, and confidentiality of patient information. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"348"}}