{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:59:57Z","timestamp":1790816397476,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-07527-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T07:46:12Z","timestamp":1765957572000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessment of marginal bone loss, distal caries, and external root resorption in second molars adjacent to impacted third molars: a retrospective CBCT and panoramic study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7625-1111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vahide Hazal","family":"Abat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7564-4757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaye","family":"Keser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6931-0806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hakan","family":"Y\u00fclek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0839-7324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nimet","family":"Gencoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7426-5587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filiz","family":"Namdar Pekiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"7527_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.62438\/tunismed.v102i1.4461","volume":"102","author":"S Yacoub","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yacoub S, Dammak N, Zaalouni S, Hrizi MA, Khelifa M, Ben. Prevalence of impacted third molars: a radiographic study among a North African population. Tunis Med. 2024;102:32\u20137.","journal-title":"Tunis Med"},{"key":"7527_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_779_23","volume":"27","author":"CN Naraynsingh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Naraynsingh CN, Henry K, Hunte R, Ramlogan N, Bissoon A. Prevalence and pattern of tooth impaction: a radiographic study in a Trinidadian population. Niger J Clin Pract. 2024;27:837\u201343.","journal-title":"Niger J Clin Pract"},{"key":"7527_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2012.03.003","volume":"41","author":"SGM Falci","year":"2012","unstructured":"Falci SGM, De Castro CR, Santos RC, et al. Association between the presence of a partially erupted mandibular third molar and the existence of caries in the distal of the second molars. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;41:1270\u20134.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"7527_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20190209","volume":"48","author":"L Hermann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hermann L, Wenzel A, Schropp L, Matzen LH. Impact of CBCT on treatment decision related to surgical removal of impacted maxillary third molars: does CBCT change the surgical approach? Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2019;48:20190209.","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"7527_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ZC28","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12297","volume":"11","author":"KB Syed","year":"2017","unstructured":"Syed KB, Alshahrani FS, Alabsi WS, et al. Prevalence of distal caries in mandibular second molar due to impacted third molar. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11:ZC28\u201330.","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"7527_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-009-0060-5","volume":"8","author":"B Krishnan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Krishnan B, Sheikh MH, El, Rafa EG, Orafi H. Indications for removal of impacted mandibular third molars: a single institutional experience in Libya. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2009;8:246\u20138.","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Oral Surg"},{"key":"7527_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.008","volume":"73","author":"ACC Oenning","year":"2015","unstructured":"Oenning ACC, Sousa Melo SL, Groppo FC, Haiter-Neto F. Mesial inclination of impacted third molars and its propensity to stimulate external root resorption in second molars\u2013a cone-beam computed tomographic evaluation. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;73:379\u201386.","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"7527_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.03.023","volume":"72","author":"ACC Oenning","year":"2014","unstructured":"Oenning ACC, Neves FS, Alencar PNB, Prado RF, Groppo FC, Haiter-Neto F. External root resorption of the second molar associated with third molar impaction: comparison of panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014;72:1444\u201355.","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"7527_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.2319\/061916-481.1","volume":"87","author":"J Yi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yi J, Sun Y, Li Y, Li C, Li X, Zhao Z. Cone-beam computed tomography versus periapical radiograph for diagnosing external root resorption: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Angle Orthod. 2017;87:328\u201337.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"7527_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20140001","volume":"43","author":"LB Petersen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Petersen LB, Olsen KR, Christensen J, Wenzel A. Image and surgery-related costs comparing cone beam CT and panoramic imaging before removal of impacted mandibular third molars. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2014;43:20140001.","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"7527_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-024-01882-z","volume":"129","author":"G Stera","year":"2024","unstructured":"Stera G, Giusti M, Magnini A, Calistri L, Izzetti R, Nardi C. Diagnostic accuracy of periapical radiography and panoramic radiography in the detection of apical periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Radiol Med. 2024;129:1682\u201395.","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"key":"7527_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2008.02.022","volume":"34","author":"KMT Low","year":"2008","unstructured":"Low KMT, Dula K, B\u00fcrgin W, von Arx T. Comparison of periapical radiography and limited cone-beam tomography in posterior maxillary teeth referred for apical surgery. J Endod. 2008;34:557\u201362.","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"issue":"14","key":"7527_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15141742","volume":"15","author":"IB Yuksel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yuksel IB, Altiparmak F, Gurses G, Akti A, Alic M, Tuna S. Radiographic evidence of immature bone architecture after sinus grafting: a multidimensional image analysis approach. Diagnostics. 2025;15(14):1742.","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"7527_CR14","first-page":"1878","volume-title":"Principles of exodontia as applied to the impacted mandibular third molar: a complete treatise on the operative technic with clinical diagnoses and radiographic interpretations","author":"GB Winter","year":"1926","unstructured":"Winter GB. Principles of exodontia as applied to the impacted mandibular third molar: a complete treatise on the operative technic with clinical diagnoses and radiographic interpretations. American medical book company: St. Louis; 1926. pp. 1878\u2013940."},{"key":"7527_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5037\/jomr.2023.14203","volume":"14","author":"MP Akkitap","year":"2023","unstructured":"Akkitap MP, Gumru B. Can the position of the impacted third molars be an early risk indicator of pathological conditions? A retrospective cone-beam computed tomography study. J Oral Maxillofac Res. 2023;14:e3.","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Res"},{"key":"7527_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.5624\/isd.2017.47.3.149","volume":"47","author":"PF de Andrade","year":"2017","unstructured":"de Andrade PF, Silva JNN, Sotto-Maior BS, Ribeiro CG, Devito KL, Assis NMSP. Three-dimensional analysis of impacted maxillary third molars: a cone-beam computed tomographic study of the position and depth of impaction. Imaging Sci Dent. 2017;47:149\u201355.","journal-title":"Imaging Sci Dent"},{"key":"7527_CR17","first-page":"330","volume":"39","author":"GJ Pell","year":"1933","unstructured":"Pell GJ, Gregory GT. Impacted mandibular third molars: classification and modified techniques for removal. Dent Digest. 1933;39:330\u20138.","journal-title":"Dent Digest"},{"key":"7527_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e395","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.23443","volume":"25","author":"MJ Dias","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dias MJ, Franco A, Junqueira JL, Fayad FT, Pereira PH, Oenning AC. Marginal bone loss in the second molar related to impacted mandibular third molars: comparison between panoramic images and cone beam computed tomography. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2020;25:e395\u2013402.","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"},{"key":"7527_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e41","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12025","volume":"41","author":"NB Pitts","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pitts NB, Ekstrand K. International caries detection and assessment system (ICDAS) and its international caries classification and management system (ICCMS) \u2013 methods for staging of the caries process and enabling dentists to manage caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2013;41:e41\u201352.","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"7527_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2005.11.102","volume":"64","author":"TH Al-Khateeb","year":"2006","unstructured":"Al-Khateeb TH, Bataineh AB. Pathology associated with impacted mandibular third molars in a group of Jordanians. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006;64:1598\u2013602.","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"7527_CR21","first-page":"276","volume":"70","author":"S Ericson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ericson S, Kurol J. Incisor root resorptions due to ectopic maxillary canines imaged by computerized tomography: a comparative study in extracted teeth. Angle Orthod. 2000;70:276\u201383.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"7527_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-019-02859-3","volume":"23","author":"D Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li D, Tao Y, Cui M, Zhang W, Zhang X, Hu X. External root resorption in maxillary and mandibular second molars associated with impacted third molars: a cone-beam computed tomographic study. Clin Oral Investig. 2019;23:4195\u2013203.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"7527_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-016-1888-y","volume":"21","author":"D Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang D, He X, Wang Y, Li Z, Zhu Y, Sun C, et al. External root resorption of the second molar associated with mesially and horizontally impacted mandibular third molar: evidence from cone beam computed tomography. Clin Oral Investig. 2017;21:1335\u201342.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"4","key":"7527_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20180313","volume":"48","author":"L Hermann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hermann L, Wenzel A, Schropp L, Matzen LH. Marginal bone loss and resorption of second molars related to maxillary third molars in panoramic images compared with CBCT. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2019;48(4):20180313.","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"7527_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2019.09.016","volume":"49","author":"M Schriber","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schriber M, Rivola M, Leung YY, Bornstein MM, Suter VGA. Risk factors for external root resorption of maxillary second molars due to impacted third molars as evaluated using cone beam computed tomography. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020;49:666\u201372.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"7527_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.08.023","volume":"77","author":"M Tassoker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tassoker M. What are the risk factors for external root resorption of second molars associated with impacted third molars? A cone-beam computed tomography study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019;77:11\u20137.","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"7527_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3265","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03203-w","volume":"24","author":"Y Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen Y, Zheng J, Li D, et al. Three-dimensional position of mandibular third molars and its association with distal caries in mandibular second molars: a cone beam computed tomographic study. Clin Oral Investig. 2020;24:3265\u201373.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"7527_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2020.04.041","volume":"78","author":"S Keskin Tun\u00e7","year":"2020","unstructured":"Keskin Tun\u00e7 S, Koc A. Evaluation of risk factors for external root resorption and dental caries of second molars associated with impacted third molars. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020;78:1467\u201377.","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"7527_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20160330","volume":"46","author":"LH Matzen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Matzen LH, Schropp L, Spin-Neto R, Wenzel A. Radiographic signs of pathology determining removal of an impacted mandibular third molar assessed in a panoramic image or CBCT. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2017;46:20160330.","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"7527_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-017-1032-9","volume":"17","author":"JCR Gl\u00f3ria","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gl\u00f3ria JCR, Martins CC, Armond ACV, Galv\u00e3o EL, Dos Santos CRR, Falci SGM. Third molar and their relationship with caries on the distal surface of second molar: a meta-analysis. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2018;17:129\u201341.","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Oral Surg"},{"key":"7527_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2015.11.024","volume":"74","author":"F Kang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kang F, Huang C, Sah MK, Jiang B. Effect of eruption status of the mandibular third molar on distal caries in the adjacent second molar. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016;74:684\u201392.","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"7527_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-012-0738-9","volume":"17","author":"GD Strbac","year":"2013","unstructured":"Strbac GD, Foltin A, Gahleitner A, Bantleon HP, Watzek G, Bernhart T. The prevalence of root resorption of maxillary incisors caused by impacted maxillary canines. Clin Oral Investig. 2013;17:553\u201364.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"3","key":"7527_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20210217","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20210217","volume":"51","author":"L Moreira-Souza","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moreira-Souza L, Oliveira LB, Ga\u00eata-Araujo H, Almeida-Marques M, Asprino L, Oenning AC. Comparison of CBCT and panoramic radiography for the assessment of bone loss and root resorption on the second molar associated with third molar impaction: a systematic review. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2022;51(3):20210217.","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"7527_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.7181\/acfs.2024.00304","volume":"25","author":"H Mubarak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mubarak H, Tajrin A, Nurwaida. The agreement of panoramic radiography with cone-beam computed tomography in classifying impacted lower third molars: a systematic review. Archives Craniofac Surg. 2020;25(6):263\u20139.","journal-title":"Archives Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"7527_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20140189","volume":"44","author":"LH Matzen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Matzen LH, Wenzel A. Efficacy of CBCT for assessment of impacted mandibular third molars: a review - based on a hierarchical model of evidence. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2015;44(1):20140189.","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"7527_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.1999.tb00211.x","volume":"44","author":"M Yamaoka","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yamaoka M, Furusawa K, Ikeda M, Hasegawa T. Root resorption of mandibular second molar teeth associated with the presence of the third molars. Aust Dent J. 1999;44:112\u20136.","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"issue":"1","key":"7527_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-025-01409-4","volume":"29","author":"A Alt\u0131nda\u011f","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alt\u0131nda\u011f A, Yal\u0131n H, Y\u00fcksel \u0130B. Pattern diversity and prevalence of bifid mandibular canal: a CBCT-based cross-sectional study: evaluation of bifid mandibular Canal via CBCT. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2025;29(1):110.","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"7527_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-2799","volume":"17","author":"G Baniebrahim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Baniebrahim G, Seraj B, Ghonche Z, Mansourvar M, Alipour F. Clinical and radiographic progression of proximal enamel caries of primary molars following the application of resin infiltrant vs tooth mousse. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2024;17(4):385\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"issue":"7","key":"7527_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13916","volume":"56","author":"S Patel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Patel S, Krastl G, Weiger R, Lambrechts P, Tj\u00e4derhane L, Gambarini G, Teng PH. ESE position statement on root resorption. Int Endod J. 2023;56(7):792\u2013801.","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"issue":"3","key":"7527_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5867\/medwave.2024.03.2780","volume":"24","author":"A Buchi-Velazquez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Buchi-Velazquez A, Escobar-Torres D, Veloso V, Ferraro N. Clinical and radiographic characterization of external root resorption. Caracter\u00edsticas cl\u00ednicas y radiogr\u00e1ficas de reabsorciones radiculares externas. Medwave. 2024;24(3):e2780.","journal-title":"Medwave"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07527-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07527-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07527-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T10:47:50Z","timestamp":1768992470000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07527-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7527"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07527-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Uskudar University (Protocol No: 2020\/93) on February 26, 2024, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from the patients before radiography.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"128"}}