{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T20:00:53Z","timestamp":1785873653494,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hygiene and Health Development Scientific Research Fostering Plan of Haidian District Beijing","award":["HP2023-12-507002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HP2023-12-507002"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University Young Scientist Program","award":["YSP202007 to P.Y"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YSP202007 to P.Y"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study is to develop a deep learning model that can identify the maxillary sinus, posterior superior alveolar artery(PSAA), and alveolar ridge, and evaluate its diagnostic performance. Based on this, relevant parameters for preoperative design of maxillary sinus elevation can be measured to achieve intelligent preoperative design for maxillary posterior tooth implantation surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 2400 CBCT slices from patients with maxillary posterior tooth loss was selected as the initial dataset. Anatomical structure annotation and enhanced YOLOv11 architecture were used for model training to achieve segmentation of maxillary sinus, PSAA, and alveolar ridge. Intersection over union (IoU), average precision (AP), average recall (AR) and the Euclidean distance were used to evaluate the accuracy of structure segmentation. On the basis of the segmentation of the three important anatomical structures mentioned above, five anatomical parameters (A1-A5) related to maxillary posterior tooth implantation were set, and their errors were statistically analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The median IoU for maxillary sinus segmentation was 0.945 (IQR: 0.934\u20130.951, 95%CI: 0.935\u20130.941), while the median IoU for PSAA segmentation was 0.991 (IQR: 0.982\u20131.000, 95%CI: 0.948\u20130.974). The model achieved an average precision of 0.902\u2009\u00b1\u20090.023 and a recall of 0.937\u2009\u00b1\u20090.024 for PSAA segmentation. For alveolar crest localization, the mean Euclidean distance errors between predicted and ground-truth landmarks were 0.50\u2009\u00b1\u20090.31\u00a0mm and 0.38\u2009\u00b1\u20090.24\u00a0mm for the two key points, respectively. 95% of AI prediction errors for A1-A4 were within 1\u00a0mm, while 95% of AI prediction errors for A5 were within 10 mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The enhanced YOLOv11 framework reliably and autonomously identifies critical anatomical structures for maxillary sinus elevation including the maxillary sinus, PSAA, and maxillary alveolar crest in CBCT images. This model enables the acquisition of reliable clinical parameters, demonstrating its potential for future intelligent assisted preoperative evaluation and design of maxillary posterior dental implant surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-07609-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T14:48:12Z","timestamp":1767624492000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Automatic recognition and measurement of anatomical structures associated with the elevation of the maxillary sinus floor by deep learning on cone-beam computed tomographic scans"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Bin","family":"Xuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weili","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuojue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feifei","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinlei","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"7609_CR1","unstructured":"Jensen OT et al. 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Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;44(11):1405\u201310.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07609-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07609-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07609-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T12:32:05Z","timestamp":1770121925000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07609-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7609"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07609-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the World Medical Association's Declaration of Helsinki. The Ethics Committee of the Aerospace Center Hospital granted ethical approval for the research procedure (Ethics No. 2023\/03501). This study was a retrospective study, and the data had been de identified. It did not involve personal privacy information of patients. According to the ethical review method for biomedical research involving humans issued by the China Health and Family Planning Commission in 2016, after review by the ethics committee, the application for exemption from informed consent for this study had been approved.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"224"}}