{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T00:41:11Z","timestamp":1770252071990,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 111-2410-H-038-014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 111-2410-H-038-014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022600","name":"Wan Fang Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["112-wf-f-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112-wf-f-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022600","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital","award":["RD2025-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD2025-005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-07640-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T14:16:10Z","timestamp":1767881770000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Contextual influences on school staff\u2019s motivation of implementing a school-based toothbrushing program in Taiwan: an action research study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Min-Ching","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei-Shih","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Garrett Ren-Jie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"7640_CR1","unstructured":"Sugars and dental caries. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/sugars-and-dental-caries. Access date 4 Aug 2024."},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"7640_CR2","first-page":"71","volume":"21","author":"R Harris","year":"2004","unstructured":"Harris R, Nicoll AD, Adair PM, Pine CM. Risk factors for dental caries in young children: a systematic review of the literature. Community Dent Health. 2004;21(1 Suppl):71\u201385.","journal-title":"Community Dent Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"7640_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-019-0678-8","volume":"227","author":"S Martignon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Martignon S, Pitts NB, Goffin G, Mazevet M, Douglas GVA, Newton JT, Twetman S, Deery C, Dom\u00e9jean S, Jablonski-Momeni A, et al. CariesCare practice guide: consensus on evidence into practice. Br Dent J. 2019;227(5):353\u201362.","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"7640_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-15-S1-S4","volume":"15","author":"S Twetman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Twetman S. The evidence base for professional and self-care prevention - caries, erosion and sensitivity. BMC Oral Health. 2015;15(Suppl 1):S4.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"7640_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12658","volume":"31","author":"E Aliakbari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aliakbari E, Gray-Burrows KA, Vinall-Collier KA, Edwebi S, Marshman Z, McEachan RRC, Day PF. Home-based toothbrushing interventions for parents of young children to reduce dental caries: A systematic review. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2021;31(1):37\u201379.","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"7640_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gray-Burrows KA, Day PF, El-Yousfi S, Lloyd E, Hudson K, Marshman Z. A National survey of supervised toothbrushing programmes in England. Br Dent J. 2023.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-023-6182-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"7640_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12790","volume":"51","author":"AJ Ross","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ross AJ, Sherriff A, Kidd J, Deas L, Eaves J, Blokland A, Wright B, King P, McMahon AD, Conway DI, et al. Evaluating childsmile, scotland\u2019s National oral health improvement programme for children. Commun Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2023;51(1):133\u20138.","journal-title":"Commun Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"7640_CR8","first-page":"433","volume":"17","author":"L Natapov","year":"2019","unstructured":"Natapov L, Kushnir D, Zusman SP. Sustainability of supervised toothbrushing in Israeli Nurseries - Teachers\u2019 perspective. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2019;17(5):433\u20137.","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev Dent"},{"issue":"6","key":"7640_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-0528.2003.00040.x","volume":"31","author":"WS Rong","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rong WS, Bian JY, Wang WJ, Wang JD. Effectiveness of an oral health education and caries prevention program in kindergartens in China. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2003;31(6):412\u20136.","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"7640_CR10","unstructured":"Chi LY, Liu JF, Shi WY, Hsu LS, Lin BY, Hung MH, Lee YC. \u5152\u7ae5\u7259\u9f52\u5857\u6c1f\u8207\u7259\u79d1\u91ab\u7642\u670d\u52d9\u5229\u7528\u4e4b\u76f8\u95dc\u6027. In. Edited by \u885b\u798f\u90e8; 2017."},{"key":"7640_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.12968\/denu.2019.46.2.113","volume":"46","author":"L Macpherson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Macpherson L, Rodgers J, Conway D. Childsmile after 10 years part 1: Background, theory and principles. Dent Update. 2019;46:113\u20136.","journal-title":"Dent Update"},{"issue":"6","key":"7640_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1159\/000104800","volume":"41","author":"CM Pine","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pine CM, Curnow MM, Burnside G, Nicholson JA, Roberts AJ. Caries prevalence four years after the end of a randomised controlled trial. Caries Res. 2007;41(6):431\u20136.","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"7640_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pine CM, McGoldrick PM, Burnside G, Curnow MM, Chesters RK, Nicholson J, Huntington E. An intervention programme to establish regular toothbrushing: understanding parents\u2019 beliefs and motivating children. Int Dent J 2000, Suppl Creating A Successful:312\u2013323.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1875-595X.2000.tb00581.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"7640_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1159\/000063925","volume":"36","author":"MM Curnow","year":"2002","unstructured":"Curnow MM, Pine CM, Burnside G, Nicholson JA, Chesters RK, Huntington E. A randomised controlled trial of the efficacy of supervised toothbrushing in high-caries-risk children. Caries Res. 2002;36(4):294\u2013300.","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"7640_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1159\/000083155","volume":"39","author":"RJ Jackson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jackson RJ, Newman HN, Smart GJ, Stokes E, Hogan JI, Brown C, Seres J. The effects of a supervised toothbrushing programme on the caries increment of primary school children, initially aged 5\u20136 years. Caries Res. 2005;39(2):108\u201315.","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"7640_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.12760","volume":"22","author":"S Anishchuk","year":"2024","unstructured":"Anishchuk S, Waldron C. Development, implementation and evaluation of a dental hygienist supported daily toothbrushing programme in Irish pre-schools: A single-case experimental design. Int J Dent Hyg. 2024;22(1):158\u201366.","journal-title":"Int J Dent Hyg"},{"issue":"2","key":"7640_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034512470690","volume":"92","author":"LM Macpherson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Macpherson LM, Anopa Y, Conway DI, McMahon AD. National supervised toothbrushing program and dental decay in Scotland. J Dent Res. 2013;92(2):109\u201313.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"7640_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02494-7","volume":"22","author":"M-C Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang M-C, Marshman Z, Chen W-H, Shih W-Y. A qualitative study of barriers and facilitators to the implementation of a pilot school-based, toothbrushing programme. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22(1):451.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"7640_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0136211","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136211","volume":"10","author":"Y Anopa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Anopa Y, McMahon AD, Conway DI, Ball GE, McIntosh E, Macpherson LM. Improving child oral health: cost analysis of a National nursery toothbrushing programme. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(8):e0136211.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"7640_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rong WS, Bian JY, Wang WJ, De Wang J. Effectiveness of an oral health education and caries prevention program in kindergartens in China. 2003, 31(6):412\u2013416.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-0528.2003.00040.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"7640_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/10.2.93","volume":"10","author":"U Nyandindi","year":"1995","unstructured":"Nyandindi U, Palim-Palokas MIL\u00c9NA, Mwakasagule T, Mbiru S. Training teachers to implement a school oral health education programme in Tanzania. Health Promot Int. 1995;10(2):93\u2013100.","journal-title":"Health Promot Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"7640_CR22","first-page":"208","volume":"34","author":"V Dickson-Swift","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dickson-Swift V, Kenny A, Gussy M, de Silva AM, Farmer J, Bracksley-O\u2019Grady S. Supervised toothbrushing programs in primary schools and early childhood settings: A scoping review. Community Dent Health. 2017;34(4):208\u201325.","journal-title":"Community Dent Health"},{"key":"7640_CR23","unstructured":"Neuman WL. Social research methods: qualitative and quantitative approaches. Allyn & Bacon; 2011."},{"key":"7640_CR24","unstructured":"\u5404\u7d1a\u5b78\u6821\u5b78\u751f\u6de8\u5728\u5b78\u7387. [ https:\/\/data.gov.tw\/dataset\/151410 ]. Access date 26 Jan 2023."},{"key":"7640_CR25","unstructured":"Creswell JW, Poth CN. Qualitative inquiry and research design: choosing among five approaches. SAGE; 2016."},{"key":"7640_CR26","unstructured":"\u6d2a\u4f2f\u9091\u3001\u9673\u61f7\u8431\u3001\u9ec3\u8212\u6963\u3001\u9ec3\u66f8\u7def\u3001\u5442\u6b23\u6021\u3001\u9673\u6021\u4f03. \u7530\u91ce\u6572\u6572\u9580: \u73fe\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u672c\u529f: guo li tai wan da xue chu ban zhong xin chu ban; 2021."},{"issue":"1","key":"7640_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-677","volume":"12","author":"CJ Othieno","year":"2012","unstructured":"Othieno CJ, A O MM. Improving adherence to ante-retroviral treatment for people with harmful alcohol use in Kariobangi, Kenya through participatory research and action. BMC Public Health. 2012;12(1):677.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"7640_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/bdj.2008.192","volume":"204","author":"P Gill","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gill P, Stewart K, Treasure E, Chadwick B. Methods of data collection in qualitative research: interviews and focus groups. Br Dent J. 2008;204(6):291\u20135.","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"issue":"7","key":"7640_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X031007028","volume":"31","author":"VA Anfara","year":"2002","unstructured":"Anfara VA, Brown KM, Mangione TL. Qualitative analysis on stage: making the research process more public. Educational Researcher. 2002;31(7):28\u201338.","journal-title":"Educational Researcher"},{"key":"7640_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3233\/EFI-2004-22201","volume":"22","author":"A Shenton","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shenton A. Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research projects. Educ Inform. 2004;22:63\u201375.","journal-title":"Educ Inform"},{"key":"7640_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e024950","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024950","volume":"9","author":"M Richardson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Richardson M, Khouja C, Sutcliffe K, Thomas J. Using the theoretical domains framework and the behavioural change wheel in an overarching synthesis of systematic reviews. BMJ Open. 2019;9:e024950.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"7640_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-7-37","volume":"7","author":"J Cane","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cane J, O\u2019Connor D, Michie S. Validation of the theoretical domains framework for use in behaviour change and implementation research. Implement Sci. 2012;7(1):37.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"7640_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1136\/qshc.2004.011155","volume":"14","author":"S Michie","year":"2005","unstructured":"Michie S, Johnston M, Abraham C, Lawton R, Parker D, Walker A. Making psychological theory useful for implementing evidence based practice: a consensus approach. Qual Saf Health Care. 2005;14(1):26\u201333.","journal-title":"Qual Saf Health Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"7640_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e024950","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024950","volume":"9","author":"M Richardson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Richardson M, Khouja CL, Sutcliffe K, Thomas J. Using the theoretical domains framework and the behavioural change wheel in an overarching synthesis of systematic reviews. BMJ Open. 2019;9(6):e024950.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"7640_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Res Psychol. 2006;3:77\u2013101.","journal-title":"Qualitative Res Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7640_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1207\/s15430421tip3903_2","volume":"39","author":"JW Creswell","year":"2000","unstructured":"Creswell JW, Miller DL. Determining validity in qualitative inquiry. Theory into Pract. 2000;39(3):124\u201330.","journal-title":"Theory into Pract"},{"key":"7640_CR37","first-page":"1102","volume":"15","author":"JA Carlson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Carlson JA. Avoiding traps in member checking. Qualitative Rep. 2010;15:1102\u201313.","journal-title":"Qualitative Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"7640_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1006\/ceps.1999.1020","volume":"25","author":"RM Ryan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ryan RM, Deci EL. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: classic definitions and new directions. Contemp Educ Psychol. 2000;25(1):54\u201367.","journal-title":"Contemp Educ Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7640_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7550-2","volume":"19","author":"RE Day","year":"2019","unstructured":"Day RE, Sahota P, Christian MS. Effective implementation of primary school-based healthy lifestyle programmes: a qualitative study of views of school staff. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):1239.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"7640_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-6-42","volume":"6","author":"S Michie","year":"2011","unstructured":"Michie S, van Stralen MM, West R. The behaviour change wheel: A new method for characterising and designing behaviour change interventions. Implement Sci. 2011;6(1):42.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"7640_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2174\/1745017901006010025","volume":"6","author":"C Conversano","year":"2010","unstructured":"Conversano C, Rotondo A, Lensi E, Della Vista O, Arpone F, Reda MA. Optimism and its impact on mental and physical well-being. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2010;6:25\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"7640_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/pits.21979","volume":"54","author":"JK Dariotis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dariotis JK, Mirabal-Beltran R, Cluxton-Keller F, Gould LF, Greenberg MT, Mendelson T. A qualitative exploration of implementation factors in a School-Based mindfulness and yoga program: lessons learned from students and teachers. Psychol Sch. 2017;54(1):53\u201369.","journal-title":"Psychol Sch"},{"issue":"7","key":"7640_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.04.025","volume":"21","author":"EE Johnson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Johnson EE, MacGeorge C, King KL, Andrews AL, Teufel RJ 2nd, Kruis R, Hale KC, Ford DW, Sterba KR. Facilitators and barriers to implementation of School-Based telehealth asthma care: program champion perspectives. Acad Pediatr. 2021;21(7):1262\u201372.","journal-title":"Acad Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"7640_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02270-7","volume":"22","author":"N Chandio","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chandio N, Micheal S, Tadakmadla SK, Sohn W, Cartwright S, White R, Sanagavarapu P, Parmar JS, Arora A. Barriers and enablers in the implementation and sustainability of toothbrushing programs in early childhood settings and primary schools: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22(1):242.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"7640_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1108\/HE-12-2013-0069","volume":"114","author":"J Woodall","year":"2014","unstructured":"Woodall J, Woodward J, Witty K, McCulloch S. An evaluation of a toothbrushing programme in schools. Health Educ. 2014;114:414\u201334.","journal-title":"Health Educ"},{"key":"7640_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bergquist M, Nilsson A, Hansla A. Contests versus Norms: Implications of Contest-Based and Norm-Based Intervention Techniques. Front Psychol. 2017;8:2046.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.02046"},{"issue":"605","key":"7640_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp12X659466","volume":"62","author":"B Gardner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gardner B, Lally P, Wardle J. Making health habitual: the psychology of \u2018habit-formation\u2019 and general practice. Br J Gen Pract. 2012;62(605):664\u20136.","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"7640_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02073-w","volume":"22","author":"S Elyousfi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Elyousfi S, Innes N, Leggett H, Ainsworth H, Chestnutt IG, Day P, Robertson M, Pavitt S, Kellar I, Dey D, et al. Acceptability of the brushing reminder 4 good oral health (BRIGHT) trial intervention: a qualitative study of perspectives of young people and school staff. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22(1):44.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"7640_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang MC, Wu JY, Shih WY. A scoping review of intervention components of school-based oral health-related behavioural interventions using the theoretical domains framework. Eur J Oral Sci. 2021;130(1):e12841.","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12841"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07640-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07640-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07640-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T11:42:34Z","timestamp":1770205354000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07640-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7640"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-025-07640-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from Taipei Veterans General Hospital Research Ethics Committee (Approval No.: 2017-06-012B) and Taipei Medical University (Approval No.: N202106028). All adult participants provided written informed consent. Informed consent from a parent and\/or legal guardian for study participation for participants that are minors has been obtained.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"243"}}