{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:19:20Z","timestamp":1772165960690,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-026-07668-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T02:15:54Z","timestamp":1768961754000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk assessment for clinical attachment loss in periodontitis patients: a retrospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Xue","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongmei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaping","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"7668_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2006.050128","volume":"77","author":"P Bouchard","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bouchard P, Boutouyrie P, Mattout C, Bourgeois D. Risk assessment for severe clinical attachment loss in an adult population. J Periodontol. 2006;77(3):479\u201389.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"5","key":"7668_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.13337","volume":"59","author":"GG Nascimento","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nascimento GG, Alves-Costa S, Romandini M. Burden of severe periodontitis and edentulism in 2021, with projections up to 2050: the global burden of disease 2021 study. J Periodontal Res. 2024;59(5):823\u201367.","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"7668_CR3","first-page":"S1","volume":"89","author":"JG Caton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Caton JG, Armitage G, Berglundh T, Chapple ILC, Jepsen S, Kornman KS, et al. A new classification scheme for periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions - introduction and key changes from the 1999 classification. J Periodontol. 2018;89(Suppl 1):S1-8.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"Suppl 20","key":"7668_CR4","first-page":"S162","volume":"45","author":"PN Papapanou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Papapanou PN, Sanz M, Buduneli N, Dietrich T, Feres M, Fine DH, et al. Periodontitis: consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 World Workshop on the classification of periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45(Suppl 20):S162\u201370.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"Suppl 20","key":"7668_CR5","first-page":"S149","volume":"45","author":"MS Tonetti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tonetti MS, Greenwell H, Kornman KS. Staging and grading of periodontitis: framework and proposal of a new classification and case definition. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45(Suppl 20):S149\u201361.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"9","key":"7668_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13679","volume":"49","author":"P Winkler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Winkler P, Dannewitz B, Nickles K, Petsos H, Eickholz P. Assessment of periodontitis grade in epidemiological studies using interdental attachment loss instead of radiographic bone loss. J Clin Periodontol. 2022;49(9):854\u201361.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"2","key":"7668_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-124X.175174","volume":"20","author":"R Kolte","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kolte R, Kolte A, Wattamwar P. Clinical and postextraction evaluation of periodontal disease indicators. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2016;20(2):161\u20136.","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Periodontol"},{"key":"7668_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0757.2001.22250102.x","volume":"25","author":"DF Kinane","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kinane DF. Causation and pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000. 2001;25:8\u201320.","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"issue":"2","key":"7668_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2013.0096","volume":"144","author":"BS Michalowicz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Michalowicz BS, Hodges JS, Pihlstrom BL. Is change in probing depth a reliable predictor of change in clinical attachment loss? J Am Dent Assoc. 2013;144(2):171\u20138.","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"7668_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12447","volume":"90","author":"I Darby","year":"2022","unstructured":"Darby I. Risk factors for periodontitis & peri-implantitis. Periodontol 2000. 2022;90(1):9\u201312.","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"issue":"1","key":"7668_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12451","volume":"90","author":"L Nibali","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nibali L, Gkranias N, Mainas G, Di Pino A. Periodontitis and implant complications in diabetes. Periodontol 2000. 2022;90(1):88\u2013105.","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"issue":"1","key":"7668_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12344","volume":"83","author":"RJ Genco","year":"2020","unstructured":"Genco RJ, Sanz M. Clinical and public health implications of periodontal and systemic diseases: an overview. Periodontol 2000. 2020;83(1):7\u201313.","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"issue":"4","key":"7668_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12751","volume":"19","author":"S Palmqvist","year":"2023","unstructured":"Palmqvist S, Stomrud E, Cullen N, Janelidze S, Manuilova E, Jethwa A, et al. An accurate fully automated panel of plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia. 2023;19(4):1204\u201315.","journal-title":"Alzheimer's & Dementia"},{"issue":"3","key":"7668_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-022-00849-6","volume":"23","author":"F Prete","year":"2023","unstructured":"Prete F, Rotelli M, Stella A, Calculli G, Sgaramella LI, Amati A, Resta N, Testini M, Gurrado A. Intraabdominal sporadic desmoid tumors and inflammation: an updated literature review and presentation and insights on pathogenesis of synchronous sporadic mesenteric desmoid tumors occurring after surgery for necrotizing pancreatitis. Clin Exp Med. 2023;23(3):607\u201317.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"7668_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.03.043","volume":"185","author":"X Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li X, Wang H, Yu X, Saha G, Kalafati L, Ioannidis C, et al. Maladaptive innate immune training of myelopoiesis links inflammatory comorbidities. Cell. 2022;185(10):1709-1727 e1718.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"7668_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2011.00416.x","volume":"58","author":"LN Borrell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Borrell LN, Crawford ND. Socioeconomic position indicators and periodontitis: examining the evidence. Periodontol 2000. 2012;58(1):69\u201383.","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"issue":"1","key":"7668_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2012.00457.x","volume":"62","author":"RJ Genco","year":"2013","unstructured":"Genco RJ, Borgnakke WS. Risk factors for periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000. 2013;62(1):59\u201394.","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"issue":"1","key":"7668_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4047\/jap.2011.3.1.25","volume":"3","author":"GB Rheu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rheu GB, Ji S, Ryu JJ, Lee JB, Shin C, Lee JY, Huh JB, Shin SW. Risk assessment for clinical attachment loss of periodontal tissue in Korean adults. J Adv Prosthodont. 2011;3(1):25\u201332.","journal-title":"J Adv Prosthodont"},{"issue":"1","key":"7668_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03248-9","volume":"23","author":"X Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang X, Liu P, Fan X, Yu S, Chen C, Pan Y, Lin L, Tang X, Li C. Distribution and influencing factors on residual pockets of the teeth in patients with periodontitis following non-surgical periodontal treatment: a retrospective observational study. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23(1):736.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"7668_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.23-0285","volume":"95","author":"N Werner","year":"2024","unstructured":"Werner N, Heck K, Walter E, Ern C, Bumm CV, Folwaczny M. Probing pocket depth reduction after non-surgical periodontal therapy: tooth-related factors. J Periodontol. 2024;95(1):29\u201339.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7668_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01371.x","volume":"36","author":"CP Wan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wan CP, Leung WK, Wong MC, Wong RM, Wan P, Lo EC, Corbet EF. Effects of smoking on healing response to non-surgical periodontal therapy: a multilevel modelling analysis. J Clin Periodontol. 2009;36(3):229\u201339.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"7","key":"7668_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12259","volume":"41","author":"M Aljateeli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aljateeli M, Koticha T, Bashutski J, Sugai JV, Braun TM, Giannobile WV, Wang HL. Surgical periodontal therapy with and without initial scaling and root planing in the management of chronic periodontitis: a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2014;41(7):693\u2013700.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7668_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/32.4.427","volume":"32","author":"A Haveman-Nies","year":"2003","unstructured":"Haveman-Nies A, de Groot LC, van Staveren WA. Dietary quality, lifestyle factors and healthy ageing in Europe: the SENECA study. Age Ageing. 2003;32(4):427\u201334.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"3","key":"7668_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.2190\/AG.74.3.b","volume":"74","author":"R Pruchno","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pruchno R, Hahn S, Wilson-Genderson M. Cigarette smokers, never-smokers, and transitions: implications for successful aging. Int J Aging Hum Dev. 2012;74(3):193\u2013209.","journal-title":"Int J Aging Hum Dev"},{"issue":"6","key":"7668_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Suppl","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1967.38.6.610","volume":"38","author":"H Loe","year":"1967","unstructured":"Loe H. The gingival index, the plaque index and the retention index systems. J Periodontol. 1967;38(6):Suppl.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7668_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2209\/tdcpublication.49.99","volume":"49","author":"CT Fukuda","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fukuda CT, Carneiro SR, Alves VT, Pustiglioni FE, De Micheli G. Radiographic alveolar bone loss in patients undergoing periodontal maintenance. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll. 2008;49(3):99\u2013106.","journal-title":"Bull Tokyo Dent Coll"},{"issue":"10","key":"7668_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0139553","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139553","volume":"10","author":"H Zhao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhao H, Li C, Lin L, Pan Y, Wang H, Zhao J, et al. Assessment of alveolar bone status in middle aged Chinese (40\u201359 Years) with chronic periodontitis\u2013using CBCT. PLoS One. 2015;10(10):e0139553.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"7668_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(90)90074-K","volume":"35","author":"G Ong","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ong G, Neo J. A survey of approximal root concavities in an ethnic Chinese population. Arch Oral Biol. 1990;35(11):925\u20138.","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"7668_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12392","volume":"42","author":"B Holtfreter","year":"2015","unstructured":"Holtfreter B, Albandar JM, Dietrich T, Dye BA, Eaton KA, Eke PI, Papapanou PN, Kocher T, Joint EUUSAPEWG. Standards for reporting chronic periodontitis prevalence and severity in epidemiologic studies: proposed standards from the joint EU\/USA periodontal epidemiology working group. J Clin Periodontol. 2015;42(5):407\u201312.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"7668_CR30","unstructured":"Haber J. Cigarette smoking: a major risk factor for periodontitis. Compendium. 1994;15(8):1002, 1004\u20131008 passim; quiz 1014."},{"issue":"4","key":"7668_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1998.tb02444.x","volume":"25","author":"P Axelsson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Axelsson P, Paulander J, Lindhe J. Relationship between smoking and dental status in 35-, 50-, 65-, and 75-year-old individuals. J Clin Periodontol. 1998;25(4):297\u2013305.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"10","key":"7668_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051x.2001.028010955.x","volume":"28","author":"GA van der Weijden","year":"2001","unstructured":"van der Weijden GA, de Slegte C, Timmerman MF, van der Velden U. Periodontitis in smokers and non-smokers: intra-oral distribution of pockets. J Clin Periodontol. 2001;28(10):955\u201360.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"7668_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12335","author":"K Suwama","year":"2018","unstructured":"Suwama K, Yoshihara A, Watanabe R, Stegaroiu R, Shibata S, Miyazaki H. Relationship between alcohol consumption and periodontal tissue condition in community-dwelling elderly Japanese. Gerodontology. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ger.12335.","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"issue":"1","key":"7668_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1993.64.1.16","volume":"64","author":"J Haber","year":"1993","unstructured":"Haber J, Wattles J, Crowley M, Mandell R, Joshipura K, Kent RL. Evidence for cigarette smoking as a major risk factor for periodontitis. J Periodontol. 1993;64(1):16\u201323.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"7668_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15112479","author":"M Rodriguez-Rabassa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Rabassa M, Lopez P, Rodriguez-Santiago RE, Cases A, Felici M, Sanchez R, et al. Cigarette smoking modulation of saliva microbial composition and cytokine levels. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph15112479.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"7668_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1999.70.4.394","volume":"70","author":"BH Mullally","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mullally BH, Breen B, Linden GJ. Smoking and patterns of bone loss in early-onset periodontitis. J Periodontol. 1999;70(4):394\u2013401.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7668_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12449","volume":"90","author":"DA Apatzidou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Apatzidou DA. The role of cigarette smoking in periodontal disease and treatment outcomes of dental implant therapy. Periodontol 2000. 2022;90(1):45\u201361.","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"issue":"2","key":"7668_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12097","volume":"49","author":"H Zhao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhao H, Wang H, Pan Y, Pan C, Jin X. The relationship between root concavities in first premolars and chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Res. 2014;49(2):213\u20139.","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"7668_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2011.03.002","volume":"37","author":"YC Gu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gu YC. A micro-computed tomographic analysis of maxillary lateral incisors with radicular grooves. J Endod. 2011;37(6):789\u201392.","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"issue":"9","key":"7668_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1994.65.9.859","volume":"65","author":"KN Leknes","year":"1994","unstructured":"Leknes KN, Lie T, Selvig KA. Root grooves: a risk factor in periodontal attachment loss. J Periodontol. 1994;65(9):859\u201363.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7668_CR41","first-page":"25","volume":"20","author":"AR Kilic","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kilic AR, Efeoglu E, Yilmaz S, Orgun T. The relationship between probing bone loss and standardized radiographic analysis. Periodontal Clin Investig. 1998;20(1):25\u201332.","journal-title":"Periodontal Clin Investig"},{"issue":"1","key":"7668_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12193","volume":"74","author":"WC Scarfe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Scarfe WC, Azevedo B, Pinheiro LR, Priaminiarti M, Sales MAO. The emerging role of maxillofacial radiology in the diagnosis and management of patients with complex periodontitis. Periodontol 2000. 2017;74(1):116\u201339.","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"issue":"5","key":"7668_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-022-04845-8","volume":"27","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Cui W, Chen J, Wu Q, Wang H, Zheng L, Wang X, Li L, Guo S, Xu Y. Clinical, radiographic characterizations and complications of maxillary molar in a periodontitis population: a retrospective study based on CBCT radiography. Clin Oral Investig. 2023;27(5):2335\u201346.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"1","key":"7668_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2019.3","volume":"226","author":"T Dietrich","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dietrich T, Ower P, Tank M, West NX, Walter C, Needleman I, et al. Periodontal diagnosis in the context of the 2017 classification system of periodontal diseases and conditions - implementation in clinical practice. Br Dent J. 2019;226(1):16\u201322.","journal-title":"Br Dent J"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-026-07668-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-07668-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-07668-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T13:04:05Z","timestamp":1771247045000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12903-026-07668-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7668"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-026-07668-1","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-6947923\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All of the patients had provided written informed consent prior to treatment, and the study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of China Medical University. The Clinical trial number: not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"322"}}