{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T20:57:18Z","timestamp":1781643438964,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773964800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":40,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Young Scientist Program of Beijing Stomatological Hospital","award":["YSP202206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YSP202206"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","award":["L242153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L242153"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","award":["Z240003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z240003"]}]},{"name":"Peking University Medicine Sailing Program for Young Scholars\u2019 Scientific & Technological Innovation","award":["BMU2024YFJHPY012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMU2024YFJHPY012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interstitial brachytherapy is an effective and organ-preserving radiotherapeutic modality for pediatric and adolescent patients with head and neck tumors, offering favorable outcomes with minimal impact on surrounding normal tissues. However, the long-term effects of brachytherapy on dental development in young patients remain underexplored, despite clinical observations of tooth anomalies in tumor survivors. This study aimed to provide longitudinal outcomes of tooth developmental anomalies in pediatric and adolescent tumor survivors who underwent head and neck interstitial brachytherapy and to investigate the relevant factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The longitudinal panoramic radiographs of the patients at different ages before brachytherapy and during follow-up were evaluated. A modified Demirjian staging technique was used to allocate a developmental stage for each tooth, and the defect index classification criteria were applied to describe the severity of tooth damage. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with long-term dental abnormalities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 210 developing permanent teeth from seven patients were included and evaluated. There were 31 teeth (14.76%) that exhibited developmental anomalies. The incidence and severity of tooth developmental abnormalities after brachytherapy were jointly determined by the radiation dose received by a given tooth and its developmental stage at the time of treatment. Multivariable analysis indicated that D\n                      <jats:sub>2cc<\/jats:sub>\n                      had the largest effect size (OR 1.029, 95% CI 1.017\u20131.042) and the most significant statistical association (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002). When D\n                      <jats:sub>2cc<\/jats:sub>\n                      was 0\u201310\u00a0Gy, the incidence of tooth developmental abnormalities was 1.90%; and when D\n                      <jats:sub>2cc<\/jats:sub>\n                      &gt;100\u00a0Gy, the incidence reached 85.7%. The maxillary region with implanted radioactive seeds had a significantly higher risk of dental abnormalities compared to other regions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study suggests that interstitial brachytherapy may contribute to dental developmental alterations in pediatric and adolescent patients, with severity potentially influenced by radiation dose and tooth developmental stage. D\n                      <jats:sub>2cc<\/jats:sub>\n                      appeared to be the most informative dose-volume parameter, with lower risks observed at &lt;\u200910\u00a0Gy and higher risks at &gt;\u2009100\u00a0Gy. Although limited by sample size and retrospective design, these findings underscore the importance of considering developing dentition when planning individualized radiotherapy for young patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-026-07804-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T12:52:26Z","timestamp":1774011146000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The influence of brachytherapy on tooth development: a longitudinal study of pediatric head and neck tumor survivors"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Guohao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenting","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huifang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanxi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zezhao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangqin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxing","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianguo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanbin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingwei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"7804_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.22728","volume":"55","author":"X-F Shan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shan X-F, Cai Z-G, Zhang J-G, Zhang J, Gao Y, Yu G-Y. 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Since this project is a retrospective data analysis, the Ethics Committee of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology has agreed to waive informed consent. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"762"}}