{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T03:03:24Z","timestamp":1779764604673,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":46,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-026-07828-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T13:07:38Z","timestamp":1775826458000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Defect morphology dictates success: suprabony lesions outperform intrabony defects in non-surgical periodontal therapy: a 3-month prospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Peipei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueli","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenlu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"7828_CR1","first-page":"301","volume":"45","author":"L Nibali","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nibali L, Cortellini P. Periodontal Osseous Defects: a treatment-oriented classification to guide regenerative treatment planning. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2025a;45:301\u201315.","journal-title":"Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent"},{"key":"7828_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1093\/dmfr\/twaf011","volume":"54","author":"S Kurt-Bayrakdar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kurt-Bayrakdar S, Bayrakdar \u0130\u015e, Kuran A, \u00c7elik \u00d6, Orhan K, Jagtap R. Advancing periodontal diagnosis: harnessing advanced artificial intelligence for patterns of periodontal bone loss in cone-beam computed tomography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2025;54:268\u201378.","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"7828_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202501689R","volume":"39","author":"R Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen R, Wei W, Li L, Zhang M, Wang N, Ge R, et al. Non-surgical periodontal therapy and metformin improve bone loss in obese mice with periodontitis by modulating the gut microbiota. FASEB J. 2025;39:e70814.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"7828_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13823","volume":"50","author":"D Herrera","year":"2023","unstructured":"Herrera D, Berglundh T, Schwarz F, Chapple I, Jepsen S, Sculean A, Kebschull M, Papapanou PN, Tonetti MS, Sanz M. EFP workshop participants and methodological consultant. Prevention and treatment of peri-implant diseases-The EFP S3 level clinical practice guideline. J Clin Periodontol. 2023;50:4\u201376.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"7828_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.14141","volume":"52","author":"L Nibali","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nibali L, Cortellini P. Changes in osseous morphology following non-surgical periodontal therapy: a possible paradigm shift for the treatment of intrabony defects? J Clin Periodontol. 2025b;52:836\u201342.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"7828_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.14078","volume":"52","author":"V Iorio-Siciliano","year":"2025","unstructured":"Iorio-Siciliano V, Blasi A, Mauriello L, Salvi GE, Ramaglia L, Sculean A. Non-surgical treatment of moderate periodontal intrabony defects with adjunctive cross-linked hyaluronic acid: a single-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2025;52:310\u201322.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"7828_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb16070265","volume":"16","author":"V Pezzella","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pezzella V, Cuozzo A, Mauriello L, Polizzi A, Iorio Siciliano V, Ramaglia L, et al. Propolis as an adjunct in non-surgical periodontal therapy: current clinical perspectives from a narrative review. J Funct Biomater. 2025;16:265.","journal-title":"J Funct Biomater"},{"key":"7828_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14145114","volume":"14","author":"L Mauriello","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mauriello L, Cuozzo A, Pezzella V, Iorio-Siciliano V, Isola G, Spagnuolo G, et al. Effects of probiotics as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT): a narrative review. J Clin Med. 2025;14:5114.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"7828_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03392-4","volume":"25","author":"V Iorio-Siciliano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Iorio-Siciliano V, Blasi A, Stratul SI, Ramaglia L, Octavia V, Salvi GE, et al. Healing of periodontal suprabony defects following treatment with open flap debridement with or without an enamel matrix derivative: a randomized controlled clinical study. Clin Oral Investig. 2021;25:1019\u201327.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"7828_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.14181","volume":"52","author":"A Cuozzo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cuozzo A, Arora M, Marini L, Hurley J, Malaki Z, Kang J, et al. Differential response to non-surgical periodontal therapy between intrabony and suprabony defects: a retrospective analysis. J Clin Periodontol. 2025;52:1158\u201366.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"Suppl 22","key":"7828_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13245","volume":"47","author":"J Suvan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Suvan J, Leira Y, Moreno Sancho FM, Graziani F, Derks J, Tomasi C. Subgingival instrumentation for treatment of periodontitis. A systematic review. J Clin Periodontol. 2020;47(Suppl 22):155\u201375.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"7828_CR12","first-page":"191","volume":"24","author":"RF Lu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lu RF, Xu L, Feng XH, Wang XE, Meng HX. Multilevel analysis of non-surgical periodontal treatment of patients with generalised aggressive periodontitis. Chin J Dent Res. 2021;24:191\u20138.","journal-title":"Chin J Dent Res"},{"key":"7828_CR13","first-page":"509","volume":"45","author":"L Marini","year":"2025","unstructured":"Marini L, Cuozzo A, Mainas G, Antonoglou G, Pilloni A, Nibali L. Do intrabony defects have a worse clinical response to step 2 of periodontal therapy and repeated subgingival instrumentation compared to suprabony defects? A systematic review. Int J Periodontics Restor Dent. 2025;45:509\u201321.","journal-title":"Int J Periodontics Restor Dent"},{"key":"7828_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.3.398","volume":"76","author":"F D\u2019Aiuto","year":"2005","unstructured":"D\u2019Aiuto F, Ready D, Parkar M, Tonetti MS. Relative contribution of patient-, tooth-, and site-associated variability on the clinical outcomes of subgingival debridement. I. Probing depths. J Periodontol. 2005;76:398\u2013405.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"7828_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13849","volume":"50","author":"P Santamaria","year":"2023","unstructured":"Santamaria P, Sari A, Nibali L. Molecular profiling of gingival crevicular fluid fails to distinguish between infrabony and suprabony periodontal defects. J Clin Periodontol. 2023;50:1315\u201325.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"7828_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-04898-z","volume":"24","author":"M Cyris","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cyris M, Festerling J, Kahl M, Springer C, D\u00f6rfer CE, Graetz C. Guided biofilm therapy versus conventional protocol-clinical outcomes in non-surgical periodontal therapy. BMC Oral Health. 2024;24:1105.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"7828_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4263","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-022-04474-1","volume":"26","author":"A Roccuzzo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Roccuzzo A, Imber JC, St\u00e4hli A, Kloukos D, Salvi GE, Sculean A. Enamel matrix derivative as adjunctive to non-surgical periodontal therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Oral Investig. 2022;26:4263\u201380.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"7828_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2023.104536","volume":"134","author":"G Pelekos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pelekos G, Fok M, Kwok A, Lam M, Tsang E, Tonetti MS. A pilot study on the association between soft tissue volumetric changes and non-surgical periodontal treatment in stage III periodontitis patients. A case series study. J Dent. 2023;134:104536.","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"7828_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.23-0285","volume":"95","author":"N Werner","year":"2024","unstructured":"Werner N, Heck K, Walter E, Ern C, Bumm CV, Folwaczny M. Probing pocket depth reduction after non-surgical periodontal therapy: tooth-related factors. J Periodontol. 2024;95:29\u201339.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"7828_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.24-0178","volume":"96","author":"CV Bumm","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bumm CV, Schwendicke F, Pitchika V, Heck K, Walter E, Ern C, et al. Effectiveness of nonsurgical re-instrumentation: tooth-related factors. J Periodontol. 2025;96:748\u201359.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"7828_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.12591","volume":"20","author":"GS Chatzopoulos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chatzopoulos GS, Anastasopoulos M, Zarenti S, Doufexi AE, Tsalikis L. Flapless application of enamel matrix derivative in non-surgical periodontal treatment: a systematic review. Int J Dent Hyg. 2022;20:422\u201333.","journal-title":"Int J Dent Hyg"},{"key":"7828_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2007.01111.x","volume":"34","author":"C Tomasi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tomasi C, Leyland AH, Wennstr\u00f6m JL. Factors influencing the outcome of non-surgical periodontal treatment: a multilevel approach. J Clin Periodontol. 2007;34:682\u201390.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"7828_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-007-0144-x","volume":"11","author":"TS Kim","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kim TS, Schenk A, Lungeanu D, Reitmeir P, Eickholz P. Nonsurgical and surgical periodontal therapy in single-rooted teeth. Clin Oral Investig. 2007;11:391\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"7828_CR24","first-page":"139","volume":"28","author":"M I\u015fik","year":"2025","unstructured":"I\u015fik M, Do\u011fan \u00c7ankaya T, U\u011fur Aydin Z. Evaluation of periapical healing outcomes of single-visit non-surgical endodontic retreatment of teeth with apical periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective study. Chin J Dent Res. 2025;28:139\u201346.","journal-title":"Chin J Dent Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 22","key":"7828_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13290","volume":"47","author":"M Sanz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sanz M, Herrera D, Kebschull M, Chapple I, Jepsen S, Beglundh T, Sculean A, Tonetti MS. EFP workshop participants and methodological Consultants. Treatment of stage I-III periodontitis-The EFP S3 level clinical practice guideline. J Clin Periodontol. 2020;47(Suppl 22):4\u201360.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"7828_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-023-04994-4","volume":"27","author":"AC Ku\u010di\u010d","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ku\u010di\u010d AC, Ga\u0161per\u0161i\u010d R. Minimally invasive non-surgical therapy (MINST) in stage III periodontitis patients: 6-month results of a split-mouth, randomised controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2023;27:2075\u201387.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"7828_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-3544-8","volume":"20","author":"L Nibali","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nibali L, Koidou V, Salomone S, Hamborg T, Allaker R, Ezra R, Zou L, Tsakos G, Gkranias N, Donos N. Minimally invasive non-surgical vs. surgical approach for periodontal intrabony defects: a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2019;20:461.","journal-title":"Trials"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-026-07828-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-07828-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-07828-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T02:47:17Z","timestamp":1779763637000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12903-026-07828-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7828"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-026-07828-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Institutional Research Committee, and written informed consent for medical research was obtained from all patients prior to initial treatment. All methods were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"901"}}