{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T10:17:15Z","timestamp":1774520235240,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":37,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-026-07925-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T07:44:14Z","timestamp":1771314254000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of computer-controlled versus conventional local anesthesia delivery systems: a randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Vinesa","family":"Gill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahid","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiand","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Talha","family":"Tanveer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Azam M.","family":"Aliuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aiman","family":"Zehra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abubakar","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"7925_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02454-1","volume":"22","author":"S Attia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Attia S, Austermann T, May A, Mekhemar M, Conrad J, Knitschke M, et al. Pain perception following computer-controlled versus conventional dental anesthesia: randomized controlled trial. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22(1):1\u20133.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"7925_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03553-5","volume":"25","author":"S Berrendero","year":"2021","unstructured":"Berrendero S, Hriptulova O, Salido MP, Mart\u00ednez-Rus F, Prad\u00edes G. Comparative study of conventional anesthesia technique versus computerized system anesthesia: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2021;25:2307\u201315.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"7925_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8822686","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8822686","volume":"2020","author":"AC Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves AC, Cavassana S, Chavarette FR, Outa R, Casarin SJ, Corazza AV. Variation of the penetration effort in an artificial tissue by hypodermic needles. J Healthc Eng. 2020;2020:8822686.","journal-title":"J Healthc Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"7925_CR4","first-page":"324","volume":"19","author":"A Libonati","year":"2018","unstructured":"Libonati A, Nardi R, Gallusi G, Angotti V, Caruso S, Coniglione F, et al. Pain and anxiety associated with computer-controlled local anaesthesia: systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-over studies. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2018;19(4):324\u201332.","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"7925_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-7287-4_7","volume-title":"[Editors]. Anesthesia for oral and maxillofacial surgery","author":"X Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen X, Cao J. Local anesthetic techniques in oral and maxillofacial surgery. [Editors]. Anesthesia for oral and maxillofacial surgery. Singapore: Springer Nature; 2023. pp. 83\u20139."},{"issue":"2","key":"7925_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3390\/gels11020131","volume":"11","author":"JO Jeong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jeong JO, Kim M, Kim S, Lee KK, Choi H. Advanced hydrogel systems for local anesthetic delivery: toward prolonged and targeted pain relief. Gels. 2025;11(2):131.","journal-title":"Gels"},{"key":"7925_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu S, Kelliher L. Physiology of pain\u2014a narrative review on the pain pathway and its application in the pain management. Dig Med Res. 2022;5.","DOI":"10.21037\/dmr-21-100"},{"issue":"4","key":"7925_CR8","first-page":"e37807","volume":"15","author":"MU Valiulla","year":"2023","unstructured":"Valiulla MU, Halli R, Khandelwal S, Mittal A, Singh A, Bhindora K, et al. Efficacy of sodium bicarbonate-buffered local anesthetic solution in cases requiring bilateral maxillary premolar orthodontic extraction: a comparative split-mouth study. Cureus. 2023;15(4):e37807.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"3","key":"7925_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-023-00793-3","volume":"24","author":"JC Abou Chedid","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abou Chedid JC, Salameh M, El Hindy C, Kaloustian MK, El Hachem C. Comparative study of two different computer-controlled local anesthesia injection systems in children: a randomized clinical trial. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2023;24(3):417\u201323.","journal-title":"Eur Arch Paediatr Dent"},{"issue":"2","key":"7925_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.2344\/anpr-66-01-09","volume":"66","author":"M Mittal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mittal M, Chopra R, Kumar A, Srivastava D. Comparison of pain perception using conventional versus computer-controlled intraligamentary local anesthetic injection for extraction of primary molars. Anesth Prog. 2019;66(2):69\u201376.","journal-title":"Anesth Prog"},{"issue":"1","key":"7925_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1177\/00912174231180855","volume":"59","author":"AA Taheri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Taheri AA, Parvizifard AA, Reisi S, Jafari M, Mohammadian Y, Heshmati K, et al. Associations between the perception of dental pain and pain anxiety, mental pain, and dental anxiety in an Iranian sample. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2024;59(1):34\u201349.","journal-title":"Int J Psychiatry Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"7925_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-023-01195-2","volume":"28","author":"CL Robinson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Robinson CL, Phung A, Dominguez M, Remotti E, Ricciardelli R, Momah DU, et al. Pain scales: what are they and what do they mean. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2024;28(1):11\u201325.","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"7925_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.13227","volume":"35","author":"C Bocklage","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bocklage C, Selden R, Tumsuden O, Nanney E, Sawicki C, Rapolla A, et al. A software-based observational coding approach for evaluating paediatric dental pain, anxiety, and fear. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2025;35(2):241\u201358.","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"issue":"2","key":"7925_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e06123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e06012","volume":"7","author":"S Flisfisch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Flisfisch S, Woelber JP, Walther W. Patient evaluations after local anesthesia with a computer-assisted method and a conventional syringe before and after reflection time: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Heliyon. 2021;7(2):e06123.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"4","key":"7925_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.17245\/jdapm.2024.24.4.245","volume":"24","author":"M Altuhafy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Altuhafy M, Sodhi GS, Khan J. Efficacy of computer-controlled local anesthesia delivery system on pain in dental anesthesia: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. J Dent Anesth Pain Med. 2024;24(4):245\u201355.","journal-title":"J Dent Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"7925_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Janik K, Niemczyk W, Peterek R, R\u00f3j R, Balicz A, Morawiec T. Computer-controlled local anaesthesia delivery efficacy: a literature review. Saudi Dent J. 2024 May;31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sdentj.2024.05.002.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2024.05.002"},{"key":"7925_CR17","unstructured":"Hiel N. Metallic syringe versus Dentapen, a split-mouth study in children: a randomized controlled trial study [dissertation]. Ghent (Belgium): Ghent University; 2021."},{"key":"7925_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.3290\/j.qi.a3656","volume":"47","author":"J Romero-Galvez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Romero-Galvez J, Berini-Aytes L, Figueiredo R, Arnabat-Dominguez J. A randomized split-mouth clinical trial comparing pain experienced during palatal injections with traditional syringe versus controlled-flow delivery calaject technique. Quintessence Int. 2016;47:797\u2013802. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3290\/j.qi.a3656.","journal-title":"Quintessence Int"},{"key":"7925_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2004.02.064","volume":"98","author":"J Nusstein","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nusstein J, Lee S, Reader A, Beck M, Weaver J. Injection pain and postinjection pain of the anterior middle superior alveolar injection administered with the wand or conventional syringe. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2004;98:124\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tripleo.2004.02.064.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"7925_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.12","volume":"19","author":"PW Kammerer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kammerer PW, Schiegnitz E, von Haussen T, Shabazfar N, Kammerer P, Willershausen B, et al. Clinical efficacy of a computerized device (STA) and a pressure syringe (VarioJect INTRA) for intraligamentary anaesthesia. Eur J Dent Educ. 2015;19:16\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eje.12.","journal-title":"Eur J Dent Educ"},{"key":"7925_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2004.0188","volume":"135","author":"PM Loomer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Loomer PM, Perry DA. Computer-controlled delivery versus syringe delivery of local anesthetic injections for therapeutic scaling and root planing. J Am Dent Assoc. 2004;135:358\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14219\/jada.archive.2004.0188.","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"issue":"7","key":"7925_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2016.150448","volume":"87","author":"H Chang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chang H, Noh J, Lee J, Kim S, Koo KT, Kim TI, et al. Relief of injection pain during delivery of local anesthesia by computer-controlled anesthetic delivery system for periodontal surgery: a randomized clinical trial. J Periodontol. 2016;87(7):783\u20139.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"19","key":"7925_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2986","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v7.i19.2986","volume":"7","author":"MI Al-Obaida","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-Obaida MI, Haider M, Hashim R, AlGheriri W, Celur SL, AlSaleh SA, et al. Comparison of perceived pain and patients\u2019 satisfaction with traditional local anesthesia and single tooth anesthesia: a randomized clinical trial. World J Clin Cases. 2019;7(19):2986\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12998\/wjcc.v7.i19.2986.","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"7925_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7941238","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7941238","volume":"2017","author":"A Garret-Bernardin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Garret-Bernardin A, Cantile T, D\u2019Ant\u00f2 V, Galanakis A, Fauxpoint G, Ferrazzano GF, et al. Pain experience and behavior management in pediatric dentistry: a comparison between traditional local anesthesia and the wand computerized delivery system. Pain Res Manag. 2017;2017:7941238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/7941238.","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"7925_CR25","first-page":"S3","volume":"67","author":"B Hoffmann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hoffmann B, Erwood K, Ncomanzi S, Fischer V, O\u2019Brien D, Lee A. Management strategies for adult patients with dental anxiety in the dental clinic: a systematic review. Aust Dent J. 2022;67(Suppl 1):S3\u201313.","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"key":"7925_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.2147\/CCIDE.S63626","volume":"8","author":"DP Appukuttan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Appukuttan DP. Strategies to manage patients with dental anxiety and dental phobia: literature review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2016;8:35\u201350.","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dent"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-026-07925-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-07925-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-07925-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T09:01:22Z","timestamp":1774515682000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12903-026-07925-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7925"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-026-07925-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted according to the declaration of Helsinki and Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board at Fatima Jinnah Dental College and Hospital via certificate number JUL-2024-OPR04.All involved subjects gave their written informed consent before study inclusion.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All involved subjects gave their written informed consent before study inclusion.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"523"}}