{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T03:01:45Z","timestamp":1788836505978,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002386","name":"Cairo University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dental appearance significantly impacts self-perception, yet clinician-based indices often fail to capture the subjective nature of patient satisfaction. Despite the importance of patient-reported outcomes, their relationship with objective measures like the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) Model Grading System remains under investigated. This study aimed to assess post-orthodontic patient satisfaction and determine its association with objective treatment outcomes, as well as various demographic and clinical factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This observational cross-sectional analytical study aimed to assess post-orthodontic patient satisfaction and to examine its association with objective treatment outcomes measured using the American Board of Orthodontics Model Grading System. A total of 197 patients (\u2265\u200916 years) who completed orthodontic treatment at Cairo University were included. A cross-culturally adapted and validated questionnaire assessing ten satisfaction domains was administered using a 5-point Likert scale. The total satisfaction score was calculated as the mean of all items. Associations between satisfaction and demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors were analyzed. Malocclusion classification and final treatment outcomes were evaluated using ABO model grading to correlate subjective satisfaction with objective measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Class I malocclusion was the most common (50.7%), followed by Class II (34.5%) and Class III (14.7%). Overall, 81.7% of participants reported being satisfied or very satisfied, with a mean satisfaction score of 4.24 out of 5. Younger patients (&lt;\u200920 years) demonstrated significantly higher satisfaction levels (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). No significant associations were observed between satisfaction and gender, type of malocclusion, or ABO outcome grading. Motivation, pre-treatment concerns, and treatment-related discomfort were not significantly correlated with overall satisfaction.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both adolescents and adults report high levels of satisfaction following orthodontic treatment, with adolescents reporting the greatest satisfaction. Patient-perceived success is not solely determined by objective clinical outcomes, highlighting the importance of addressing patient expectations and experiences during treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov on [15-06-2021] with the registration number NCT04928768.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-026-07980-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:46:01Z","timestamp":1774226761000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Patient satisfaction following orthodontic treatment and its association with ABO Model Grading System: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yomna Abdallah","family":"Elfaisal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amira Ahmed","family":"Aboalnaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona M.","family":"Salah Fayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"7980_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-11-6","volume":"11","author":"MM Tin-Oo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tin-Oo MM, Saddki N, Hassan N. Factors influencing patient satisfaction with dental appearance and treatments they desire to improve aesthetics. BMC Oral Health. 2011;11:6.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"7980_CR2","first-page":"S045","volume":"7","author":"M Tak","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tak M, Nagarajappa R, Sharda AJ, Asawa K, Tak A, Jalihal S, et al. Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among 12\u201315 years old school children of Udaipur, India. Eur J Dent. 2013;7(Suppl 1):S045\u201353.","journal-title":"Eur J Dent"},{"issue":"5","key":"7980_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjn125","volume":"31","author":"M Mtaya","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mtaya M, Brudvik P, Astr\u00f8m AN. Prevalence of malocclusion and its relationship with socio-demographic factors, dental caries, and oral hygiene in 12- to 14-year-old Tanzanian schoolchildren. Eur J Orthod. 2009;31(5):467\u201376.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"1","key":"7980_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(94)70023-0","volume":"106","author":"WK Lobb","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lobb WK, Ismail AI, Andrews CL, Spracklin TE. Evaluation of orthodontic treatment using the Dental Aesthetic Index. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1994;106(1):70\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"7980_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/jos.JOS_87_18","volume":"8","author":"SM Taibah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Taibah SM, Al-Hummayani FM. Agreement and association between normative and subjective orthodontic treatment need using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need. J Orthod Sci. 2019;8:1.","journal-title":"J Orthod Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"7980_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-016-0031-7","volume":"77","author":"H Akinci Cansunar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Akinci Cansunar H, Uysal T. Outcomes of different Class II treatments: Comparisons using the American Board of Orthodontics Model Grading System. J Orofac Orthop. 2016;77(4):233\u201341.","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"key":"7980_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"\u0130nce-Bing\u00f6l S, Kaya B, Mamuk A. Evaluation of factors associated with oral health-related quality of life in adolescents with class II malocclusion: A cross-sectional study. J Orofac Orthop. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00056-025-00605-x. Epub ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-025-00605-x"},{"issue":"3","key":"7980_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.2319\/092112-754.1","volume":"83","author":"F Keles","year":"2013","unstructured":"Keles F, Bos A. Satisfaction with orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod. 2013;83(3):507\u201311.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"3","key":"7980_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2017.07.017","volume":"153","author":"L Wong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wong L, Ryan FS, Christensen LR, Cunningham SJ. Factors influencing satisfaction with the process of orthodontic treatment in adult patients. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2018;153(3):362\u201370.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"7980_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1177\/1465312520904377","volume":"47","author":"E Bradley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bradley E, Shelton A, Hodge T, Morris D, Bekker H, Fletcher S, et al. Patient-reported experience and outcomes from orthodontic treatment. J Orthod. 2020;47(2):107\u201315.","journal-title":"J Orthod"},{"issue":"1","key":"7980_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.2319\/011006-16R.1","volume":"77","author":"L Bondemark","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bondemark L, Holm AK, Hansen K, Axelsson S, Mohlin B, Brattstrom V, et al. Long-term stability of orthodontic treatment and patient satisfaction. A systematic review. Angle Orthod. 2007;77(1):181\u201391.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"6","key":"7980_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.2319\/120909-708.1","volume":"80","author":"NG Maia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Maia NG, Normando D, Maia FA, Ferreira MA. do Socorro Costa Feitosa Alves M. Factors associated with long-term patient satisfaction. Angle Orthod. 2010;80(6):1155\u20138.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"7980_CR13","unstructured":"Hopewell S, Clarke M, Moher D, Wager E, Middleton P, Altman DG et al. [CONSORT for reporting randomized controlled trials in journal and conference abstracts: explanation and elaboration]. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao. 2008;6(3):221\u2009\u2013\u200932."},{"issue":"7451","key":"7980_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7451.1312","volume":"328","author":"PM Boynton","year":"2004","unstructured":"Boynton PM, Greenhalgh T. Selecting, designing, and developing your questionnaire. BMJ. 2004;328(7451):1312\u20135.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"7980_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-10-13","volume":"10","author":"L Gjersing","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gjersing L, Caplehorn JR, Clausen T. Cross-cultural adaptation of research instruments: language, setting, time and statistical considerations. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2010;10:13.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7980_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20091","volume":"51","author":"AA K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckdeveci","year":"2004","unstructured":"K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckdeveci AA, Sahin H, Ataman S, Griffiths B, Tennant A. Issues in cross-cultural validity: example from the adaptation, reliability, and validity testing of a Turkish version of the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;51(1):14\u20139.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"1","key":"7980_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-019-1179-9","volume":"17","author":"MJ Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez MJ, Romero M, Pe\u00f1acoba C. Psychosocial dental impact in adult orthodontic patients: what about health competence? Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2019;17(1):110.","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"4","key":"7980_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1080\/00016357.2020.1823014","volume":"79","author":"E G\u00f6ranson","year":"2021","unstructured":"G\u00f6ranson E, Norevall LI, B\u00e5gesund M, Dimberg L. Translation and validation of the Swedish version of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) for adolescents. Acta Odontol Scand. 2021;79(4):241\u20137.","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"issue":"4","key":"7980_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-013-0547-x","volume":"23","author":"S Spalj","year":"2014","unstructured":"Spalj S, Lajnert V, Ivankovic L. The psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire\u2013translation and cross-cultural validation in Croatia. Qual Life Res. 2014;23(4):1267\u201371.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"7980_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.4103\/jispcd.JISPCD_443_20","volume":"11","author":"J Monisha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Monisha J, Peter E, Ani GS. Is Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) Valid for the Indian Population?-A Psychometric Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2021;11(2):207\u201315.","journal-title":"J Int Soc Prev Community Dent"},{"issue":"3","key":"7980_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjq066","volume":"33","author":"F Sardenberg","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sardenberg F, Oliveira AC, Paiva SM, Auad SM, Vale MP. Validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire. Eur J Orthod. 2011;33(3):270\u20135.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"7980_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2701","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S419714","volume":"17","author":"P Cruchinho","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cruchinho P, L\u00f3pez-Franco MD, Capelas ML, Almeida S, Bennett PM, Miranda da Silva M, et al. Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of Measurement Instruments: A Practical Guideline for Novice Researchers. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2024;17:2701\u201328.","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc"},{"issue":"12","key":"7980_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(93)90142-N","volume":"46","author":"F Guillemin","year":"1993","unstructured":"Guillemin F, Bombardier C, Beaton D. Cross-cultural adaptation of health-related quality of life measures: literature review and proposed guidelines. J Clin Epidemiol. 1993;46(12):1417\u201332.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7980_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.03.012","volume":"60","author":"CB Terwee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Terwee CB, Bot SD, de Boer MR, van der Windt DA, Knol DL, Dekker J, et al. Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires. J Clin Epidemiol. 2007;60(1):34\u201342.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"7980_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S80","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.SJA_203_17","volume":"11","author":"S Tsang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tsang S, Royse CF, Terkawi AS. Guidelines for developing, translating, and validating a questionnaire in perioperative and pain medicine. Saudi J Anaesth. 2017;11(Suppl 1):S80\u20139.","journal-title":"Saudi J Anaesth"},{"issue":"6","key":"7980_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2017.09.015","volume":"153","author":"R Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee R, Hwang S, Lim H, Cha JY, Kim KH, Chung CJ. Treatment satisfaction and its influencing factors among adult orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2018;153(6):808\u201317.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"7980_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-9-30","volume":"9","author":"MA Puhan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Puhan MA, Ahuja A, Van Natta ML, Ackatz LE, Meinert C, Group SoOCoAR. Interviewer versus self-administered health-related quality of life questionnaires - does it matter? Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2011;9:30.","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"5","key":"7980_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(98)70179-9","volume":"114","author":"JS Casko","year":"1998","unstructured":"Casko JS, Vaden JL, Kokich VG, Damone J, James RD, Cangialosi TJ, et al. Objective grading system for dental casts and panoramic radiographs. American Board of Orthodontics. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1998;114(5):589\u201399.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"7980_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(82)90311-2","volume":"16","author":"SU Linder-Pelz","year":"1982","unstructured":"Linder-Pelz SU. Toward a theory of patient satisfaction. Soc Sci Med. 1982;16(5):577\u201382.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"4 Spec No","key":"7980_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4800052","volume":"186","author":"PR Newsome","year":"1999","unstructured":"Newsome PR, Wright GH. A review of patient satisfaction: 1. Concepts of satisfaction. Br Dent J. 1999;186(4 Spec No):161\u20135.","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"issue":"1","key":"7980_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.4103\/ejd.ejd_61_17","volume":"12","author":"K Dalaie","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dalaie K, Behnaz M, Khodabakhshi Z, Hosseinpour S. Impact of malocclusion severity on oral health-related quality of life in an Iranian young adult population. Eur J Dent. 2018;12(1):129\u201335.","journal-title":"Eur J Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"7980_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1179\/146531204225011364","volume":"31","author":"CM de Oliveira","year":"2004","unstructured":"de Oliveira CM, Sheiham A. Orthodontic treatment and its impact on oral health-related quality of life in Brazilian adolescents. J Orthod. 2004;31(1):20\u20137. discussion 15.","journal-title":"J Orthod"},{"key":"7980_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.4103\/jos.jos_186_23","volume":"13","author":"S Pattanaik","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pattanaik S, Veeraraghavan VP, Dasari AK, Patil SR, Alzahrani SG, Fareed M. Orthodontic treatment in adults: Challenges, outcomes, and factors affecting compliance and satisfaction. J Orthod Sci. 2024;13:14.","journal-title":"J Orthod Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"7980_CR34","first-page":"526","volume":"75","author":"A Bos","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bos A, Vosselman N, Hoogstraten J, Prahl-Andersen B. Patient compliance: a determinant of patient satisfaction? Angle Orthod. 2005;75(4):526\u201331.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"2","key":"7980_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6712.2005.00325.x","volume":"19","author":"BW Larsson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Larsson BW, Bergstr\u00f6m K. Adolescents\u2019 perception of the quality of orthodontic treatment. Scand J Caring Sci. 2005;19(2):95\u2013101.","journal-title":"Scand J Caring Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"7980_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01301244","volume":"60","author":"T Riedmann","year":"1999","unstructured":"Riedmann T, Georg T, Berg R. Adult patients\u2019 view of orthodontic treatment outcome compared to professional assessments. J Orofac Orthop. 1999;60(5):308\u201320.","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"7980_CR37","first-page":"422","volume":"76","author":"MK Al-Omiri","year":"2006","unstructured":"Al-Omiri MK, Abu Alhaija ES. Factors affecting patient satisfaction after orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod. 2006;76(3):422\u201331.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"7980_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.2319\/093013-710.1","volume":"84","author":"I Feldmann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Feldmann I. Satisfaction with orthodontic treatment outcome. Angle Orthod. 2014;84(4):581\u20137.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"7980_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjn026","volume":"30","author":"E Bernab\u00e9","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bernab\u00e9 E, Sheiham A, Tsakos G, Messias de Oliveira C. The impact of orthodontic treatment on the quality of life in adolescents: a case-control study. Eur J Orthod. 2008;30(5):515\u201320.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"7980_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/22.5.509","volume":"22","author":"K Birkeland","year":"2000","unstructured":"Birkeland K, B\u00f8e OE, Wisth PJ. Relationship between occlusion and satisfaction with dental appearance in orthodontically treated and untreated groups. A longitudinal study. Eur J Orthod. 2000;22(5):509\u201318.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"6","key":"7980_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2011.06.022","volume":"140","author":"S Pabari","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pabari S, Moles DR, Cunningham SJ. Assessment of motivation and psychological characteristics of adult orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2011;140(6):e263\u201372.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"7980_CR42","first-page":"187","volume":"7","author":"EX McKiernan","year":"1992","unstructured":"McKiernan EX, McKiernan F, Jones ML. Psychological profiles and motives of adults seeking orthodontic treatment. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 1992;7(3):187\u201398.","journal-title":"Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"7980_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2016.46.1.20","volume":"46","author":"F Kazanc\u0131","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kazanc\u0131 F, Aydo\u011fan C, Alkan \u00d6. Patients\u2019 and parents\u2019 concerns and decisions about orthodontic treatment. Korean J Orthod. 2016;46(1):20\u20136.","journal-title":"Korean J Orthod"},{"key":"7980_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-14-66","volume":"14","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Voli\u00e8re G, Hu R. The impact of orthodontic treatment on the quality of life a systematic review. BMC Oral Health. 2014;14:66.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"7980_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2015.01.024","volume":"147","author":"NA van Wezel","year":"2015","unstructured":"van Wezel NA, Bos A, Prahl C. Expectations of treatment and satisfaction with dentofacial appearance in patients applying for orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2015;147(6):698\u2013703.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"8","key":"7980_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2018.301","volume":"6","author":"A Aljughaiman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aljughaiman A, Alshammari A, Althumairi A, Almasoud N, Nazir MA. Patient Satisfaction with Orthodontic Treatment Received in Public and Private Hospitals in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2018;6(8):1492\u20137.","journal-title":"Open Access Maced J Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"7980_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/20.3.319","volume":"20","author":"K Bergstr\u00f6m","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bergstr\u00f6m K, Halling A, Wilde B. Orthodontic care from the patients\u2019 perspective: perceptions of 27-year-olds. Eur J Orthod. 1998;20(3):319\u201329.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"2","key":"7980_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.2319\/0003-3219(2007)077[0311:ROAQAE]2.0.CO;2","volume":"77","author":"I Feldmann","year":"2007","unstructured":"Feldmann I, List T, John MT, Bondemark L. Reliability of a questionnaire assessing experiences of adolescents in orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod. 2007;77(2):311\u20137.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"1","key":"7980_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03735-z","volume":"23","author":"T Kongboonvijit","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kongboonvijit T, Satrawaha S, Somboonsavatdee A. Factors influencing treatment outcomes assessed by the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System (ABO-OGS). BMC Oral Health. 2023;23(1):1000.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"7980_CR50","first-page":"157","volume":"31","author":"O Chalabi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chalabi O, Preston CB, Al-Jewair TS, Tabbaa S. A comparison of orthodontic treatment outcomes using the Objective Grading System (OGS) and the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index. Aust Orthod J. 2015;31(2):157\u201364.","journal-title":"Aust Orthod J"},{"key":"7980_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Delgado-Perdomo L, \u00d1ustes-Pe\u00f1a C, Trillos-Mora YK, Pati\u00f1o-M\u00e9ndez S, Pelaez-Vargas A. Comparison of the Quality of Orthodontic Treatments Evaluated in Cast and Digital Models According to the ABO-OGS. J Clin Med. 2025;15(1):66. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm15010066.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15010066"},{"issue":"1","key":"7980_CR52","first-page":"29","volume":"31","author":"JJ Santiago","year":"2012","unstructured":"Santiago JJ, Mart\u00ednez CJ. Use of the Objective Grading System of the American Board of Orthodontics to evaluate treatment at the Orthodontic Graduate Program Clinic, University of Puerto Rico, 2007\u20132008. P R Health Sci J. 2012;31(1):29\u201334.","journal-title":"P R Health Sci J"},{"key":"7980_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Panaite T, Romanec CL, Adina A, Carina B, Savin C, S\u00eerghie A. Psychosocial Determinants of Patient Satisfaction in Orthodontic Treatment: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Survey in North-Eastern. Med (Kaunas). 2025;61(8):1328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina61081328.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61081328"},{"issue":"1","key":"7980_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-024-06451-6","volume":"24","author":"M Baxmann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Baxmann M, Bar\u00e1th Z, K\u00e1rp\u00e1ti K. The role of psychology and communication skills in orthodontic practice: a systematic review. BMC Med Educ. 2024;24(1):1472.","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"issue":"11","key":"7980_CR55","first-page":"e73846","volume":"16","author":"AMH Almasri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Almasri AMH, Hajeer MY, Sultan K, Aljabban O, Zakaria AS, Alhaffar JB. Evaluation of Satisfaction Levels Following Orthognathic Treatment in Adult Patients: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2024;16(11):e73846.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"4","key":"7980_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1177\/14653125221084314","volume":"49","author":"D Stonehouse-Smith","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stonehouse-Smith D, Pandis N, Bister D, Seehra J. Clinical communication in orthodontics. Any questions? J Orthod. 2022;49(4):448\u201356.","journal-title":"Any questions? J Orthod"},{"issue":"1","key":"7980_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-06879-2","volume":"25","author":"BM Othman","year":"2025","unstructured":"Othman BM, Kadasah NA. Patient satisfaction, willingness to revisit, and implications for dental clinic education: service quality perception in Jeddah, KSA. BMC Oral Health. 2025;25(1):1724.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"7980_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237437352311665","DOI":"10.1177\/23743735231166506","volume":"10","author":"MM El Dalatony","year":"2023","unstructured":"El Dalatony MM, Alshareef RI, Alkahtani AR, Alhajri SM, Alhumaidany TM, AlQarni WA, et al. Patient Satisfaction as a Determinant of Patient Loyalty to the Dentist in Dental Clinics. J Patient Exp. 2023;10:23743735231166506.","journal-title":"J Patient Exp"},{"issue":"2","key":"7980_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.5152\/TurkJOrthod.2016.160012","volume":"29","author":"M Ers\u00f6z","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ers\u00f6z M, Uz Z, Malko\u00e7 S, Karata\u015f M. A Patient- and Family-Centered Care Approach to Orthodontics: Assessment of Feedbacks from Orthodontic Patients and Their Families. Turk J Orthod. 2016;29(2):38\u201343.","journal-title":"Turk J Orthod"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-026-07980-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-07980-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-07980-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T20:39:45Z","timestamp":1781642385000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12903-026-07980-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7980"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-026-07980-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, with ID 10221 and followed the Declaration of Helsinki of 1975.All participants signed a written informed consent form before the clinical examination.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"621"}}