{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T20:55:29Z","timestamp":1788900929379,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":39,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-026-08094-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T08:46:05Z","timestamp":1773477965000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The effect of build orientation on the marginal and internal fit of 3-D printed provisional fixed dental prosthesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1061-9574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majed S.","family":"Altoman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"8094_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(13)60318-2","volume":"109","author":"AS Bidra","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bidra AS, Taylor TD, Agar JR. Computer-aided technology for fabricating complete dentures: systematic review of historical background, current status, and future perspectives. J Prosthet Dent. 2013;109(6):361\u20136.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"issue":"4","key":"8094_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2022.05.006","volume":"66","author":"H Watanabe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Watanabe H, Fellows C, An H. Digital Technologies for Restorative Dentistry. Dent Clin North Am. 2022;66(4):567\u201390.","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"issue":"13","key":"8094_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345241271937","volume":"103","author":"F Eggmann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Eggmann F, Blatz MB. Recent Advances in Intraoral Scanners. J Dent Res. 2024;103(13):1349\u201357.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"8094_CR4","first-page":"11","volume":"60","author":"S Jain","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jain S, Sayed ME, Ibraheem WI, Ageeli AA, Gandhi S, Jokhadar HF, AlResayes SS, Alqarni H, Alshehri AH, Huthan HM, Alami A, Al Wadei MHD, Aljabri Y. Accuracy Comparison between Robot-Assisted Dental Implant Placement and Static\/Dynamic Computer-Assisted Implant Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of In Vitro Studies. Med (Kaunas). 2023;60(1):11.","journal-title":"Med (Kaunas)"},{"key":"8094_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e094","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0094","volume":"35","author":"JA Rodrigues","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rodrigues JA, Krois J, Schwendicke F. Demystifying artificial intelligence and deep learning in dentistry. Braz Oral Res. 2021;35:e094.","journal-title":"Braz Oral Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"8094_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15111432","volume":"15","author":"WI Ibraheem","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ibraheem WI, Jain S, Ayoub MN, Namazi MA, Alfaqih AI, Aggarwal A, Meshni AA, Almarghlani A, Alhumaidan AA. Assessment of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence Software in Identifying Common Periodontal and Restorative Dental Conditions (Marginal Bone Loss, Periapical Lesion, Crown, Restoration, Dental Caries) in Intraoral Periapical Radiographs. Diagnostics (Basel). 2025;15(11):1432.","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"8094_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"vii","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2003.12.007","volume":"48","author":"DG Gratton","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gratton DG, Aquilino SA. Interim restorations. Dent Clin North Am. 2004;48(2):vii. 487\u2009\u2013\u200997.","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"issue":"11","key":"8094_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4801443","volume":"192","author":"RW Wassell","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wassell RW, St George G, Ingledew RP, Steele JG. Crowns and other extra-coronal restorations: provisional restorations. Br Dent J. 2002;192(11):619\u201322. 625\u2009\u2013\u200930.","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"issue":"3","key":"8094_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2019.02.024","volume":"123","author":"CC Peng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peng CC, Chung KH, Yau HT, Ramos V Jr. Assessment of the internal fit and marginal integrity of interim crowns made by different manufacturing methods. J Prosthet Dent. 2020;123(3):514\u201322.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"issue":"6","key":"8094_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1590\/1679-775720130064","volume":"21","author":"AA Sakrana","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sakrana AA. In vitro evaluation of the marginal and internal discrepancies of different esthetic restorations. J Appl Oral Sci. 2013;21(6):575\u201380.","journal-title":"J Appl Oral Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"8094_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.3390\/s21030740","volume":"21","author":"J Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu J, Xie H, Sadr A, Chung KH. Evaluation of Internal Fit and Marginal Adaptation of Provisional Crowns Fabricated with Three Different Techniques. Sens (Basel). 2021;21(3):740.","journal-title":"Sens (Basel)"},{"issue":"11","key":"8094_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings12111777","volume":"12","author":"MHD Al Wadei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al Wadei MHD, Sayed ME, Jain S, Aggarwal A, Alqarni H, Gupta SG, Alqahtani SM, Alahmari NM, Alshehri AH, Jain M, et al. Marginal Adaptation and Internal Fit of 3D-Printed Provisional Crowns and Fixed Dental Prosthesis Resins Compared to CAD\/CAM-Milled and Conventional Provisional Resins: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Coatings. 2022;12(11):1777.","journal-title":"Coatings"},{"issue":"3","key":"8094_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2024.11.009","volume":"167","author":"S \u00c7okako\u011flu","year":"2025","unstructured":"\u00c7okako\u011flu S, Karaokutan I, Buyuk SK. Effects of orientation and postprocessing on the bonding of 3-dimensional printed brackets to printable permanent crown resin. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2025;167(3):362\u201370.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"8","key":"8094_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb16080278","volume":"16","author":"FK Alqarawi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alqarawi FK. The Influence of Printing Orientation on the Properties of 3D-Printed Polymeric Provisional Dental Restorations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Funct Biomater. 2025;16(8):278.","journal-title":"J Funct Biomater"},{"issue":"2","key":"8094_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13668","volume":"33","author":"LN Khanlar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khanlar LN, Francis C, Basir Barmak A, Rios ALS, Ashtiani RE, Zandinejad A. Effect of a new support design on the marginal and internal gap of additively manufactured interim crowns using direct light deposition technology. J Prosthodont. 2024;33(2):188\u201394.","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"issue":"2","key":"8094_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.11.031","volume":"131","author":"G Jang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jang G, Kim SK, Heo SJ, Koak JY. Fit analysis of stereolithography-manufactured three-unit resin prosthesis with different 3D-printing build orientations and layer thicknesses. J Prosthet Dent. 2024;131(2):301\u201312.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"8094_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491984","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2024.1491984","volume":"5","author":"YA Al-Dulaijan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-Dulaijan YA, Aldamanhori R, Algaoud H, Alshubaili R, Alkhateeb R, Alalawi H, Abualsaud R, Alqarawi FK, Al-Qarni FD, Gad MM. Internal and marginal fits of 3D-printed provisional prostheses: comparative effect of different printing parameters. Front Oral Health. 2024;5:1491984.","journal-title":"Front Oral Health"},{"issue":"16","key":"8094_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12162533","volume":"12","author":"GS Park","year":"2019","unstructured":"Park GS, Kim SK, Heo SJ, Koak JY, Seo DG. Effects of Printing Parameters on the Fit of Implant-Supported 3D Printing Resin Prosthetics. Mater (Basel). 2019;12(16):2533.","journal-title":"Mater (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"8094_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.4047\/jap.2020.12.4.225","volume":"12","author":"JE Ryu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ryu JE, Kim YL, Kong HJ, Chang HS, Jung JH. Marginal and internal fit of 3D printed provisional crowns according to build directions. J Adv Prosthodont. 2020;12(4):225\u201332.","journal-title":"J Adv Prosthodont"},{"issue":"2","key":"8094_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2020.04.028","volume":"126","author":"BY Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu BY, Son K, Lee KB. Evaluation of intaglio surface trueness and margin quality of interim crowns in accordance with the build angle of stereolithography apparatus 3-dimensional printing. J Prosthet Dent. 2021;126(2):231\u20137.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"issue":"4","key":"8094_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.4047\/jap.2022.14.4.250","volume":"14","author":"MS Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang MS, Kim SK, Heo SJ, Koak JY, Park JM. Investigation of the marginal fit of a 3D-printed three-unit resin prosthesis with different build orientations and layer thicknesses. J Adv Prosthodont. 2022;14(4):250\u201361.","journal-title":"J Adv Prosthodont"},{"issue":"1","key":"8094_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-03851-4","volume":"24","author":"E Farag","year":"2024","unstructured":"Farag E, Sabet A, Ebeid K, El Sergany O. Build angle effect on 3D-printed dental crowns marginal fit using digital light-processing and stereo-lithography technology: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health. 2024;24(1):73.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"8094_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e494","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.61422","volume":"16","author":"M Radwan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Radwan M, Abdou A, Tawfik A, Bills P, Blunt L, Kusumasari C, Mahrous A. Trueness of vat-photopolymerization printing technology of interim fixed partial denture with different building orientation: A Microcomputed tomography study. J Clin Exp Dent. 2024;16(4):e494\u2013502.","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Dent"},{"key":"8094_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.105937","volume":"161","author":"MB D\u00f6nmez","year":"2025","unstructured":"D\u00f6nmez MB, Demirel M, Diken T\u00fcrksayar AA, Yilmaz B. Influence of printing parameters on the fabrication and fit accuracy of additively manufactured resin-based definitive three-unit fixed partial dentures. J Dent. 2025;161:105937.","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"8094_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Akl EA, Brennan SE, Chou R, Glanville J, Grimshaw JM, Hr\u00f3bjartsson A, Lalu MM, Li T, Loder EW, Mayo-Wilson E, McDonald S, McGuinness LA, Stewart LA, Thomas J, Tricco AC, Welch VA, Whiting P, Moher D. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"8094_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebdp.2012.10.001","volume":"12","author":"CM Faggion Jr","year":"2012","unstructured":"Faggion CM Jr. Guidelines for reporting pre-clinical in vitro studies on dental materials. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2012;12(4):182\u20139.","journal-title":"J Evid Based Dent Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"8094_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-0707.136338","volume":"17","author":"J Krithikadatta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Krithikadatta J, Gopikrishna V, Datta M. CRIS Guidelines (Checklist for Reporting In-vitro Studies): A concept note on the need for standardized guidelines for improving quality and transparency in reporting in-vitro studies in experimental dental research. J Conserv Dent. 2014;17(4):301\u20134.","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent"},{"issue":"5","key":"8094_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.08.015","volume":"123","author":"A Granholm","year":"2019","unstructured":"Granholm A, Alhazzani W, M\u00f8ller MH. Use of the GRADE approach in systematic reviews and guidelines. Br J Anaesth. 2019;123(5):554\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"8094_CR29","unstructured":"RevMan. (RevMan) The Cochrane Collaboration, Version 541; Cochrane: London, UK, 2020."},{"issue":"22","key":"8094_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6734","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14226734","volume":"14","author":"SH Shin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shin SH, Kwon JS, Shim JS, Kim JE. Evaluating the Three-Dimensional Printing Accuracy of Partial-Arch Models According to Outer Wall Thickness: An In Vitro Study. Mater (Basel). 2021;14(22):6734.","journal-title":"Mater (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"8094_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8630","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.8630","volume":"12","author":"P Perlea","year":"2024","unstructured":"Perlea P, Stefanescu C, Dalaban MG, Petre AE. Experimental study on dimensional variations of 3D printed dental models based on printing orientation. Clin Case Rep. 2024;12(3):e8630.","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"8094_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9012","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-90328-1","volume":"15","author":"F Zhu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhu F, Yu L, Hu M, Ding Z, Ma H, Feng X, Gao Y, Cao Y. Influence of 3D printing angles on the accuracy of indirect adhesion transfer models: an in vitro study. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):9012.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"8094_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2246","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18102246","volume":"18","author":"I Garc\u00eda-Gil","year":"2025","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Gil I, Rodr\u00edguez Alonso V, Tobar Arribas C, Mosaddad SA, Pel\u00e1ez J, Su\u00e1rez MJ. Dental Casts for Fixed Dental Prostheses Printed with SLA Technology: Influence of External Shell Thickness and Printing Orientation. Mater (Basel). 2025;18(10):2246.","journal-title":"Mater (Basel)"},{"key":"8094_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2023.105707","volume":"140","author":"F Danielli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Danielli F, Ciriello L, La Barbera L, Rodriguez Matas JF, Pennati G. On the need of a scale-dependent material characterization to describe the mechanical behavior of 3D printed Ti6Al4V custom prostheses using finite element models. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2023;140:105707.","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater"},{"issue":"9","key":"8094_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10092002","volume":"10","author":"J S\u00fcpple","year":"2021","unstructured":"S\u00fcpple J, von Glasenapp J, Hofmann E, Jost-Brinkmann PG, Koch PJ. Accurate Bracket Placement with an Indirect Bonding Method Using Digitally Designed Transfer Models Printed in Different Orientations-An In Vitro Study. J Clin Med. 2021;10(9):2002.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"8094_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.105244","volume":"148","author":"M Demirel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Demirel M, Diken T\u00fcrksayar AA, Donmez MB, Yilmaz B. Effect of 3D printing technology and print orientation on the trueness of additively manufactured definitive casts with different tooth preparations. J Dent. 2024;148:105244.","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"8094_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/s41405-022-00108-6","volume":"8","author":"A Nulty","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nulty A. A comparison of trueness and precision of 12 3D printers used in dentistry. BDJ Open. 2022;8(1):14.","journal-title":"BDJ Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"8094_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.3390\/dj12070230","volume":"12","author":"MA AlGhamdi","year":"2024","unstructured":"AlGhamdi MA, Gad MM. Impact of Printing Orientation on the Accuracy of Additively Fabricated Denture Base Materials: A Systematic Review. Dent J (Basel). 2024;12(7):230.","journal-title":"Dent J (Basel)"},{"issue":"15","key":"8094_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3405","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13153405","volume":"13","author":"T Hada","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hada T, Kanazawa M, Iwaki M, Arakida T, Soeda Y, Katheng A, Otake R, Minakuchi S. Effect of Printing Direction on the Accuracy of 3D-Printed Dentures Using Stereolithography Technology. Mater (Basel). 2020;13(15):3405.","journal-title":"Mater (Basel)"},{"key":"8094_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2023.104435","volume":"130","author":"S Song","year":"2023","unstructured":"Song S, Zhang J, Liu M, Li F, Bai S. Effect of build orientation and layer thickness on manufacturing accuracy, printing time, and material consumption of 3D printed complete denture bases. J Dent. 2023;130:104435.","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"issue":"4","key":"8094_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.2186\/jpr.JPR_D_24_00263","volume":"69","author":"AY Alqutaibi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alqutaibi AY, Aljohani R, Almuzaini S, Alghauli MA. Physical-mechanical properties and accuracy of additively manufactured resin denture bases: Impact of printing orientation. J Prosthodont Res. 2025;69(4):461\u201371.","journal-title":"J Prosthodont Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"8094_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13330","volume":"30","author":"H Gao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gao H, Yang Z, Lin WS, Tan J, Chen L. The Effect of Build Orientation on the Dimensional Accuracy of 3D-Printed Mandibular Complete Dentures Manufactured with a Multijet 3D Printer. J Prosthodont. 2021;30(8):684\u20139.","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"issue":"1","key":"8094_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.12.025","volume":"131","author":"AB Cameron","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cameron AB, Evans JL, Abuzar MA, Tadakamadla SK, Love RM. Trueness assessment of additively manufactured maxillary complete denture bases produced at different orientations. J Prosthet Dent. 2024;131(1):129\u201335.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"issue":"8","key":"8094_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb16080277","volume":"16","author":"H Kim","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kim H, Son K, Kim SY, Lee KB. Comparison of the Trueness of Complete Dentures Fabricated Using Liquid Crystal Display 3D Printing According to Build Angle and Natural Light Exposure. J Funct Biomater. 2025;16(8):277.","journal-title":"J Funct Biomater"},{"issue":"4","key":"8094_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1795116","volume":"19","author":"N Khwanpuang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khwanpuang N, Suphachartwong C, Klaisiri A, Leelaponglit S, Angkananuwat C, Krajangta N. Accuracy, Reproducibility, and Gaps in Different Angulations of 3D-Printed versus Milled Hybrid Ceramic Crown. Eur J Dent. 2025;19(4):1015\u201324.","journal-title":"Eur J Dent"},{"issue":"2","key":"8094_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.2186\/jpr.JPR_D_24_00092","volume":"69","author":"MA Alghauli","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alghauli MA, Almuzaini S, Aljohani R, Alqutaibi AY. Influence of 3D printing orientations on physico-mechanical properties and accuracy of additively manufactured dental ceramics. J Prosthodont Res. 2025;69(2):181\u2013202.","journal-title":"J Prosthodont Res"},{"key":"8094_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104942","volume":"144","author":"AB Cameron","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cameron AB, Choi JJE, Ip A, Lyons N, Yaparathna N, Dehaghani AE, Feih S. Assessment of the trueness of additively manufactured mol3% zirconia crowns at different printing orientations with an industrial and desktop 3D printer compared to subtractive manufacturing. J Dent. 2024;144:104942.","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"issue":"4","key":"8094_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.23-0115","volume":"65","author":"AB Cameron","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cameron AB, Tong K, Tadakamadla S, Evans JL, Abuzar M. Effect of build orientation on the trueness of occlusal splints fabricated by three-dimensional printing. J Oral Sci. 2023;65(4):261\u20134.","journal-title":"J Oral Sci"},{"key":"8094_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.105461","volume":"152","author":"SR Cruz-Ara\u00fajo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cruz-Ara\u00fajo SR, Sampaio-Fernandes MA, de Freitas BN, Simionato AA, Figueiral MH, Macedo AP. Accuracy of occlusal splints printed in different orientations by liquid crystal display technology: an in vitro study. J Dent. 2025;152:105461.","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"8094_CR50","first-page":"228080002513337","volume":"23","author":"A Kaushik","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kaushik A, Garg RK, Saini RS, Bennardo F, Heboyan A. Evaluating the effect of printing parameters on the performance of resin occlusal splints for a sustainable dentistry. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater. 2025;23:22808000251333700.","journal-title":"J Appl Biomater Funct Mater"},{"issue":"3","key":"8094_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.4047\/jap.2022.14.3.150","volume":"14","author":"MO Hussein","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hussein MO, Hussein LA. Trueness of 3D printed partial denture frameworks: build orientations and support structure density parameters. J Adv Prosthodont. 2022;14(3):150\u201361.","journal-title":"J Adv Prosthodont"},{"issue":"6","key":"8094_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2316","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15062316","volume":"15","author":"MO Hussein","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hussein MO, Hussein LA. Optimization of Digital Light Processing Three-Dimensional Printing of the Removable Partial Denture Frameworks; The Role of Build Angle and Support Structure Diameter. Mater (Basel). 2022;15(6):2316.","journal-title":"Mater (Basel)"},{"issue":"9","key":"8094_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13485","volume":"31","author":"N Tahir","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tahir N, Abduo J. An In Vitro Evaluation of the Effect of 3D Printing Orientation on the Accuracy of Implant Surgical Templates Fabricated By Desktop Printer. J Prosthodont. 2022;31(9):791\u20138.","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"key":"8094_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2024.106418","volume":"152","author":"F Burkhardt","year":"2024","unstructured":"Burkhardt F, Handermann L, Rothlauf S, Gintaute A, Vach K, Spies BC, L\u00fcchtenborg J. Accuracy of additively manufactured and steam sterilized surgical guides by means of continuous liquid interface production, stereolithography, digital light processing, and fused filament fabrication. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2024;152:106418.","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater"},{"issue":"6","key":"8094_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.2319\/120823-812.1","volume":"94","author":"T ElShebiny","year":"2024","unstructured":"ElShebiny T, Menezes LM, Matthaios S, Tsolakis IA, Palomo JM. Effect of printing technology and orientation on the accuracy of three-dimensional printed retainers. Angle Orthod. 2024;94(6):657\u201363.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"8094_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.01.006","volume":"128","author":"P Chaiamornsup","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chaiamornsup P, Iwasaki N, Tsuchida Y, Takahashi H. Effects of build orientation on adaptation of casting patterns for three-unit partial fixed dental prostheses fabricated by using digital light projection. J Prosthet Dent. 2022;128(5):1047\u201354.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"8094_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.105470","volume":"153","author":"M Demirel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Demirel M, Diken T\u00fcrksayar AA, Donmez MB, Schimmel M, Yilmaz B. Evaluation of the fabrication trueness and internal fit of additively manufactured two-piece zirconia abutments with different build orientations compared to subtractively manufactured abutments. J Dent. 2025;153:105470.","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"8094_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.105875","volume":"161","author":"RB Osman","year":"2025","unstructured":"Osman RB, Alharbi NM. Influence of preparation design and build orientation on the accuracy of ceramic-filled composite veneers printed using Tilted Stereolithography technology. An in vitro study. J Dent. 2025;161:105875.","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"8094_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.105856","volume":"160","author":"HL Htat","year":"2025","unstructured":"Htat HL, Limpuangthip N, Lee JH, Lee SJ. Printing orientation and heat treatment effects on fit and hardness of selective laser melting-manufactured cobalt-chromium crowns. J Dent. 2025;160:105856.","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"issue":"9","key":"8094_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e108252","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108252","volume":"9","author":"A Farzadi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Farzadi A, Solati-Hashjin M, Asadi-Eydivand M, Abu Osman NA. Effect of layer thickness and printing orientation on mechanical properties and dimensional accuracy of 3D printed porous samples for bone tissue engineering. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(9):e108252.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"13","key":"8094_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14132691","volume":"14","author":"S Jain","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jain S, Sayed ME, Shetty M, Alqahtani SM, Al Wadei MHD, Gupta SG, Othman AAA, Alshehri AH, Alqarni H, Mobarki AH, Motlaq K, Bakmani HF, Zain AA, Hakami AJ, Sheayria MF. Physical and Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Provisional Crowns and Fixed Dental Prosthesis Resins Compared to CAD\/CAM Milled and Conventional Provisional Resins: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Polym (Basel). 2022;14(13):2691.","journal-title":"Polym (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"8094_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(85)90058-7","volume":"53","author":"UC Belser","year":"1985","unstructured":"Belser UC, MacEntee MI, Richter WA. Fit of three porcelain-fused-to-metal marginal designs in vivo: a scanning electron microscope study. J Prosthet Dent. 1985;53(1):24\u20139.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"issue":"4","key":"8094_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2024.01.004","volume":"36","author":"A Aljehani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aljehani A, Nabalawi A, Hefni A, Alsefri Z, Fakhry O, Al Zaibak W, Raffa O. Effect of build orientation on the fracture resistance and marginal quality of 3D-printed anatomic provisional crowns: An in-vitro study. Saudi Dent J. 2024;36(4):584\u201390.","journal-title":"Saudi Dent J"},{"key":"8094_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s00366-015-0407-0","volume":"32","author":"W Oropallo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oropallo W, Piegl LA. Ten challenges in 3D printing. Eng Comput. 2016;32:135\u201348.","journal-title":"Eng Comput"},{"key":"8094_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2006.03.120","volume":"185","author":"PM Pandey","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pandey PM, Venkata RN, Dhande SG. Part deposition orientation studies in layered manufacturing. J Mater Process Technol. 2007;185:125\u201331.","journal-title":"J Mater Process Technol"},{"issue":"24","key":"8094_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.04.050","volume":"31","author":"FP Melchels","year":"2010","unstructured":"Melchels FP, Feijen J, Grijpma DW. A review on stereolithography and its applications in biomedical engineering. Biomaterials. 2010;31(24):6121\u201330.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"5","key":"8094_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.11607\/ijp.4835","volume":"29","author":"N Alharbi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alharbi N, Osman RB, Wismeijer D. Factors Influencing the Dimensional Accuracy of 3D-Printed Full-Coverage Dental Restorations Using Stereolithography Technology. Int J Prosthodont. 2016;29(5):503\u201310.","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont"},{"key":"8094_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjdr.2014.03.002","volume":"6","author":"V Rakhshan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rakhshan V. Marginal integrity of provisional resin restoration materials: a review of the literature. Saudi J Dent Res. 2015;6:33\u201340.","journal-title":"Saudi J Dent Res"},{"key":"8094_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1080\/0740817X.2014.955599","volume":"47","author":"Q Huang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huang Q, Zhang J, Sabbaghi A, Dasgupta T. Optimal offline compensation of shape shrinkage for three-dimensional printing processes. IIE trans. 2015;47:431\u201341.","journal-title":"IIE trans"},{"issue":"4","key":"8094_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"043501","DOI":"10.1088\/1468-6996\/16\/4\/043501","volume":"16","author":"S Deville","year":"2015","unstructured":"Deville S, Meille S, Seuba J. A meta-analysis of the mechanical properties of ice-templated ceramics and metals. Sci Technol Adv Mater. 2015;16(4):043501.","journal-title":"Sci Technol Adv Mater"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08094-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08094-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08094-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T04:18:46Z","timestamp":1776831526000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08094-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8094"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08094-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"717"}}