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Identifying molecular factors in saliva involved in their development may help improve prevention strategies. Aquaporins (AQPs), particularly aquaporin (AQP3)\u2014a channel for water, glycerol and small molecules\u2014have recently attracted scientific interest. This study aimed to investigate the association between salivary AQP3 expression and dental caries and periodontal parameters, evaluating its potential as a biomarker for oral health and disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The OKAPI study, a prospective observational study, enrolled 169 patients (middle Age: 45.54 \u00b1 13.57; 37 % male) from a dental practice. Clinical parameters such as the periodontal screening index and Decayed, missing, filled teeth indices, along with demographic data, were recorded. Saliva samples were collected, RNA was isolated, and cDNA was synthesized. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed using primers specific for AQP3 and \u03b2-actin (ACTB). Results: Among the participants, 42% had severe caries and 12.4% had periodontitis. AQP3 mRNA level was significantly (p&lt;0.05) decreased in patients with severe caries compared to unaffected individuals. An AQP3 level cut-off was calculated after receiver operating characteristic -analysis (area under the curve: 0.605) to distinguish between patients with and without severe caries. Subjects with low AQP3 levels had a higher caries prevalence. Logistic regression identified the AQP3 cut-off as a relevant, though age-dependent, risk factor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reduced salivary AQP3 mRNA level was observed in individuals with severe caries and may indicate a potential association, suggesting that AQP3 could serve as a candidate biomarker for identifying individuals at increased risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-026-08124-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T11:17:55Z","timestamp":1774437475000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["AQP3 as a potential biomarker for caries"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Markus","family":"Baumann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daria","family":"Pakosch-Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"Ziehe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bjoern","family":"Koos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Witowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Adamzik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Orlowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Kunkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Rump","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"8124_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S377","DOI":"10.21037\/cdt.2018.09.17","volume":"9","author":"M Folwaczny","year":"2019","unstructured":"Folwaczny M, Bauer F, Gr\u00fcnberg C. 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This study protocol was reviewed and approved by the medical faculty of the Ruhr University Bochum (23-7821-BR, date of approval: 07.06.2023) and the Ethics committee of the Westphalia-Lippe Medical Association (2023-416-b-S date of approval 26.07.2023). The study\u2019s clinical trial registration number is DRKS00032425 registered with Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien\n                      \n                      . Participant registration for this analysis from the dental practice took place from august 2023 to december 2024. Further analysis and recruitment at the clinic is still ongoing.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from participants to participate in the study. The manuscript does not contain data from any individual person.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"625"}}