{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T07:10:24Z","timestamp":1778224224777,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774828800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":39,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University Young Scientist Program","award":["YSP202503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YSP202503"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-026-08171-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T09:34:00Z","timestamp":1774863240000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Advancement genioplasty as a compensatory measure for mandibular setback-induced airway volume reduction in skeletal class III deformities: a 3D analysis of long-term outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Jia","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ren","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siyuan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuejiu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"8171_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03075-y","volume":"23","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Wang S, Li J, Yang Z, Zhang X, Bai X. Quantification of pharyngeal airway space changes after two-jaw orthognathic surgery in skeletal class III patients. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23(1):345.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"8171_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2025.03.017","volume":"20","author":"R Hussain","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hussain R, Chen I, Hsu JT, Huang PW, Chen YC, Yu JH, Huang HL. Alterations in upper airway dimensions following bimaxillary and mandibular setback surgery in skeletal Class III patients: A cone-beam computed tomography study. J Dent Sci. 2025;20(3):1673\u201380.","journal-title":"J Dent Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"8171_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2014.03.009","volume":"43","author":"YM Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li YM, Liu JL, Zhao JL, Dai J, Wang L, Chen JW. Morphological changes in the pharyngeal airway of female skeletal class III patients following bimaxillary surgery: a cone beam computed tomography evaluation. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014;43(7):862\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"8171_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e925","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000004438","volume":"141","author":"S Naran","year":"2018","unstructured":"Naran S, Steinbacher DM, Taylor JA. Current Concepts in Orthognathic Surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018;141(6):e925\u201336.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"8171_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2018.01.009","volume":"46","author":"T Tepecik","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tepecik T, Erta\u015f \u00dc, Akg\u00fcn M. Effects of bimaxillary orthognathic surgery on pharyngeal airway and respiratory function at sleep in patients with class III skeletal relationship. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2018;46(4):645\u201353.","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"8171_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2021.04.006","volume":"123","author":"ADJ Daluz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Daluz ADJ, da Silva TVS, T\u00f4rres BO, Costa DFN, Santos LAM. Long-term airway evolution after orthognathic surgery: Systematic Review. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022;123(2):191\u20138.","journal-title":"J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"8171_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2019.01.021","volume":"48","author":"ST Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee ST, Park JH, Kwon TG. Influence of mandibular setback surgery on three-dimensional pharyngeal airway changes. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019;48(8):1057\u201365.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"8171_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2015.06.172","volume":"74","author":"M Almuzian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Almuzian M, Almukhtar A, Ju X, Al-Hiyali A, Benington P, Ayoub A. Effects of Le Fort I Osteotomy on the nasopharyngeal airway-6-month follow-up. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016;74(2):380\u201391.","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"8171_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2011.06.020","volume":"40","author":"CT Mattos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mattos CT, Vilani GN, Sant\u2019Anna EF, Ruellas AC, Maia LC. Effects of orthognathic surgery on oropharyngeal airway: a meta-analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;40(12):1347\u201356.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"8171_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.2319\/020624-99.1","volume":"95","author":"I Francisco","year":"2025","unstructured":"Francisco I, Travassos R, Baptista Paula A, Oliveiros B, Marques F, Prata Ribeiro M, McEvoy M, Santos M, Oliveira C, Marto CM, Carrilho E, Nunes C, Vale F. Evaluation of quality of life after orthognathic surgery in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a systematic review. Angle Orthod. 2025;95(1):104\u201325.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"1","key":"8171_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5756","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-24142-3","volume":"8","author":"C Rojo-Sanchis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rojo-Sanchis C, Almerich-Silla JM, Paredes-Gallardo V, Montiel-Company JM, Bellot-Arc\u00eds C. Impact of bimaxillary advancement surgery on the upper airway and on obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):5756.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"8171_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2022.11.009","volume":"52","author":"YY Leung","year":"2023","unstructured":"Leung YY, Wan JCC, Fu HL, Chen WC, Chung JHZ. Segmental mandibular advancement for moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnoea: a pilot study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2023;52(9):956\u201363.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"8171_CR13","first-page":"44","volume":"7","author":"BL Kumar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kumar BL, Raju GK, Kumar ND, Reddy GV, Naik BR, Achary CR. Long term stability following genioplasty: a cephalometric study. J Int Oral Health. 2015;7(4):44\u201350.","journal-title":"J Int Oral Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"8171_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/S1808-8694(15)30099-9","volume":"73","author":"JF Santos Junior","year":"2007","unstructured":"Santos Junior JF, Abrah\u00e3o M, Greg\u00f3rio LC, Zonato AI, Gumieiro EH. Genioplasty for genioglossus muscle advancement in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome and mandibular retrognathia. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2007;73(4):480\u20136.","journal-title":"Braz J Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8171_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e189181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2016.09.005","volume":"75","author":"HM Torres","year":"2017","unstructured":"Torres HM, Valladares-Neto J, Torres \u00c9 M, Freitas RZ, Silva MA. Effect of genioplasty on the pharyngeal airway space following maxillomandibular advancement surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017;75(1):e189181\u2013189112.","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"8171_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000402","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2019-000402","volume":"6","author":"M Giralt-Hernando","year":"2019","unstructured":"Giralt-Hernando M, Valls-Onta\u00f1\u00f3n A, Guijarro-Mart\u00ednez R, Masi\u00e0-Gridilla J, Hern\u00e1ndez-Alfaro F. Impact of surgical maxillomandibular advancement upon pharyngeal airway volume and the apnoea-hypopnoea index in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2019;6(1):e000402.","journal-title":"BMJ Open Respir Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"8171_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjad341","volume":"44","author":"A Valls-Onta\u00f1\u00f3n","year":"2024","unstructured":"Valls-Onta\u00f1\u00f3n A, Arjooca S, Saavedra O, Giralt-Hernando M, Asensio-Salazar J, Haas OL Jr. Hern\u00e1ndez-Alfaro F. Does aesthetic osseous genioplasty impact upper airway volume? Aesthet Surg J. 2024;44(4):354\u201362.","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"2","key":"8171_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2024.11.011","volume":"53","author":"Y Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang Y, Jia Y, Liu Q, Wang P, Jin H, Wang X. 3D analysis of long-term airway evolution following orthognathic approach of bimaxillary setback surgery without segmental osteotomy. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2025;53(2):122\u20138.","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"8171_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016337008763","volume":"11","author":"NH Chen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chen NH, Li HY, Gliklich RE, Chu CC, Liang SC, Wang PC. Validation assessment of the Chinese version of the snore outcomes survey. Qual Life Res. 2002;11(6):601\u20137.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"8171_CR20","first-page":"e31178","volume":"14","author":"B Fatani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fatani B, Fatani O, Fatani A, Fatani JA, Al-Safadi A. Changes in pharyngeal airway space and oxygen saturation following mandibular setback surgery: a narrative review. Cureus. 2022;14(11):e31178.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"4","key":"8171_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-020-01372-5","volume":"20","author":"NK Sahoo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sahoo NK, Agarwal SS, Datana S, Bhandari SK. Effect of mandibular setback surgery on tongue length and height and its correlation with upper airway dimensions. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2021;20(4):628\u201334.","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Oral Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"8171_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2015.05.028","volume":"74","author":"JY Jeon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jeon JY, Kim TS, Kim SY, Park CJ, Hwang KG. Does the pharyngeal airway recover after sagittal split ramus osteotomy for mandibular prognathism? J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016;74(1):162\u20139.","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"8171_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s40902-021-00319-1","volume":"43","author":"NE Kang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kang NE, Lee DH. In Seo J, Lee JK, Song SI. Postoperative changes in the pharyngeal airway space through computed tomography evaluation after mandibular setback surgery in skeletal class III patients: 1-year follow-up. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg. 2021;43(1):31.","journal-title":"Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"8171_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.06.028","volume":"131","author":"F Chen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chen F, Terada K, Hua Y, Saito I. Effects of bimaxillary surgery and mandibular setback surgery on pharyngeal airway measurements in patients with Class III skeletal deformities. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2007;131(3):372\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"8171_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.2319\/112223-774.1","volume":"94","author":"G Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li G, Chen Z, Li Y, Cai G, Ruan X, Wang T, Guan Z, Sun L, Wang W, Sun W, Wang H. Correlation between oral cavity volume and upper airway changes in skeletal Class III patients undergoing bimaxillary orthognathic surgery: a pilot cone-beam computed tomography study. Angle Orthod. 2024;94(4):432\u201340.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"8171_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2014.06.017","volume":"146","author":"SM Gokce","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gokce SM, Gorgulu S, Gokce HS, Bengi AO, Karacayli U, Ors F. Evaluation of pharyngeal airway space changes after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery with a 3-dimensional simulation and modeling program. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2014;146(4):477\u201392.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"9","key":"8171_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13484","volume":"50","author":"KC Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee KC. Long-term evaluation of the upper airway following mandibular setback surgery in the patients with mandibular prognathism. J Oral Rehabil. 2023;50(9):840\u20134.","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"8171_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2018.12.003","volume":"57","author":"JH Park","year":"2019","unstructured":"Park JH, Kim HS, Choi SH, Jung YS, Jung HD. Changes in position of the hyoid bone and volume of the pharyngeal airway after mandibular setback: three-dimensional analysis. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019;57(1):29\u201335.","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"8171_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2017.04.012","volume":"75","author":"W Du","year":"2017","unstructured":"Du W, He D, Wang Y, Liu H, Liao C, Fei W, Luo E. Upper airway changes after mandibular setback and\/or advancement genioplasty in obese patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017;75(10):2202\u201310.","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"8171_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ta\u015fk\u0131ran G, Meral SE, El H, T\u00fcz HH. Three-dimensional evaluation of upper airway changes following maxillomandibular surgery for Class III deformity with or without advancement genioplasty. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2026;55(1):61\u20137.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2025.08.013"},{"issue":"3","key":"8171_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12627","volume":"26","author":"T Nomura","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nomura T, Sasaki A, Fujimoto M, Mano M, Suda N, Kondo K. Effects of jaw movement in bimaxillary orthognathic surgery on the upper airway: Computational fluid dynamics analysis. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2023;26(3):311\u20139.","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"8171_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201903-0692OC","volume":"201","author":"SH Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang SH, Keenan BT, Wiemken A, Zang Y, Staley B, Sarwer DB, Torigian DA, Williams N, Pack AI, Schwab RJ. Effect of weight loss on upper airway anatomy and the apnea-hypopnea index. The importance of tongue fat. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;201(6):718\u201327.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"8171_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s40902-017-0120-6","volume":"39","author":"JE Park","year":"2017","unstructured":"Park JE, Bae SH, Choi YJ, Choi WC, Kim HW, Lee UL. The structural changes of pharyngeal airway contributing to snoring after orthognathic surgery in skeletal class III patients. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg. 2017;39(1):22.","journal-title":"Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"8171_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ronchi P, Saccomanno S, Disconzi B, Saran S, Carganico A, Bocchieri S, Mastrapasqua RF, Fiorillo L, Sambataro S, Cicci\u00f9 M, Levrini L. Upper airway changes and OSAS risk in patients after mandibular setback surgery to treat III class skeletal malocclusion. J Pers Med. 2023;13(7):1105.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13071105"},{"issue":"3","key":"8171_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2010.11.037","volume":"69","author":"Z Abramson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abramson Z, Susarla SM, Lawler M, Bouchard C, Troulis M, Kaban LB. Three-dimensional computed tomographic airway analysis of patients with obstructive sleep apnea treated by maxillomandibular advancement. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;69(3):677\u201386.","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"8171_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989310800203","volume":"108","author":"RW Riley","year":"1993","unstructured":"Riley RW, Powell NB, Guilleminault C. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a review of 306 consecutively treated surgical patients. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1993;108(2):117\u201325.","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08171-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08171-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08171-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T06:22:57Z","timestamp":1778221377000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08171-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8171"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08171-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All patients in this study have signed written informed consent and this retrospective research was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University (CMUSH-IRB-KJ-PJ-2023-39) in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"809"}}