{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T22:07:57Z","timestamp":1788386877354,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775088000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-026-08174-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T13:16:05Z","timestamp":1775135765000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["CBCT-Based 3D Assessment of Maxillary Sinus and Pharyngeal Airway in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1965-056X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erjeng","family":"Sayeste","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6306-3901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sema","family":"Kaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6336-4424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kahraman","family":"Gungor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"8174_CR1","first-page":"523","volume":"69","author":"Y Shapira","year":"1999","unstructured":"Shapira Y, Lubit E, Kuftinec MM, Borell G. The distribution of clefts of the primary and secondary palates by sex, type, and location. Angle Orthod. 1999;69(6):523\u20138.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"10","key":"8174_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2015.08.003","volume":"79","author":"O Erdur","year":"2015","unstructured":"Erdur O, Ucar FI, Sekerci AE, \u00c7elikoglu M, Buyuk SK. Maxillary sinus volumes of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;79(10):1741\u20134.","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"6","key":"8174_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2014.02.008","volume":"145","author":"M \u00c7elikoglu","year":"2014","unstructured":"\u00c7elikoglu M, Buyuk SK, Sekerci AE, Ucar FI, Cantekin K. Three-dimensional evaluation of the pharyngeal airway volumes in patients affected by unilateral cleft lip and palate. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2014;145(6):780\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"11","key":"8174_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20774","volume":"291","author":"W Lawson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lawson W, Patel ZM, Lin FY. The development and pathologic processes that influence maxillary sinus pneumatization. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2008;291(11):1554\u201363.","journal-title":"Anat Rec (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"5","key":"8174_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1971.00770060725007","volume":"93","author":"BF Jaffe","year":"1971","unstructured":"Jaffe BF, DeBlanc CB. Sinusitis in children with cleft lip and palate. Arch Otolaryngol. 1971;93(5):479\u201382.","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8174_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1989.01860280040014","volume":"115","author":"Y Ishikawa","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ishikawa Y, Kawano M, Honjo I, Amitani R. The cause of nasal sinusitis in patients with cleft palate. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1989;115(4):442\u20136.","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"8174_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1994.01880320063014","volume":"120","author":"Y Ishikawa","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ishikawa Y, Amitani R. Nasal and paranasal sinus disease in patients with congenital velopharyngeal insufficiency. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1994;120(8):861\u20135.","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"8174_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.1982.92.2.183","volume":"92","author":"HE Robinson","year":"1982","unstructured":"Robinson HE, Zerlin GK, Passy V. Maxillary sinus development in patients with cleft palates as compared to those with normal palates. Laryngoscope. 1982;92(2):183\u20137.","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"8","key":"8174_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1990.01870080042012","volume":"116","author":"P Francis","year":"1990","unstructured":"Francis P, Raman R, Korula P, Korah I. Pneumatization of the paranasal sinuses (maxillary and frontal) in cleft lip and palate. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1990;116(8):920\u20132.","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"8174_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1997_034_0483_faeotp_2.3.co_2","volume":"34","author":"TD Smith","year":"1997","unstructured":"Smith TD, Siegel MI, Mooney MP, Burrows AM, Todhunter JS. Formation and enlargement of the paranasal sinuses in normal and cleft lip and palate human fetuses. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1997;34(6):483\u20139.","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"issue":"2","key":"8174_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2002.125234","volume":"122","author":"N Imamura","year":"2002","unstructured":"Imamura N, Ono T, Hiyama S, Ishiwata Y, Kuroda T. Comparison of the sizes of adenoidal tissues and upper airways of subjects with and without cleft lip and palate. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2002;122(2):189\u201395.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"8174_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.2319\/121913-930.1","volume":"84","author":"M Celikoglu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Celikoglu M, Ucar FI, Sekerci AE, Buyuk SK, Ersoz M, Sisman Y. Assessment of pharyngeal airway volume in adolescent patients affected by bilateral cleft lip and palate using cone beam computed tomography. Angle Orthod. 2014;84(6):995\u20131001.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"6","key":"8174_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1597\/12-004","volume":"49","author":"I Aras","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aras I, Olmez S, Dogan S. Comparative Evaluation of Nasopharyngeal Airways of Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients Using Three-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Methods. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2012;49(6):75\u201381.","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"8174_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4103\/2348-2125.150741","volume":"2","author":"SS Rana","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rana SS, Duggal R, Kharbanda OP. Area And Volume Of The Pharyngeal Airway in Surgically Treated Unilateral Cleft Lip And Palate Patient: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study. J Cleft Lip Palate Craniofac Anomal. 2015;2:27\u201333.","journal-title":"J Cleft Lip Palate Craniofac Anomal"},{"issue":"8","key":"8174_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e43405","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043405","volume":"7","author":"T Cheung","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cheung T, Oberoi S. Three Dimensional Assessment of the Pharyngeal Airway in Individuals with Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(8):e43405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0043405.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"8174_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24895","volume":"125","author":"LA Pimenta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pimenta LA, de Rezende Barbosa GL, Pretti H, Emodi O, van Aalst J, Rossouw PE, et al. Three-dimensional evaluation of nasopharyngeal airways of unilateral cleft lip and palate patients. Laryngoscope. 2014;125(3):736\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.24895.","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"1","key":"8174_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1597\/05-175","volume":"44","author":"BC Oosterkamp","year":"2007","unstructured":"Oosterkamp BC, Remmelink HJ, Pruim GJ, Hoekema A, Dijkstra PU. Craniofacial, craniocervical, and pharyngeal morphology in bilateral cleft lip and palate and obstructive sleep apnea patients. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2007;44(1):17.","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"issue":"4","key":"8174_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.03.022","volume":"130","author":"O Martin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Martin O, Muelas L, Vi\u00f1as MJ. Nasopharyngeal cephalometric study of ideal occlusions. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2006;130(4):e4361\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"8174_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(71)90116-3","volume":"60","author":"S Baumrind","year":"1971","unstructured":"Baumrind S, Frantz RC. The reliability of head film measurements. 2. Conventional angular and linear measures. Am J Orthod. 1971;60(5):505\u201317.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"issue":"12","key":"8174_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2014.10.019","volume":"78","author":"GL de Rezende Barbosa","year":"2014","unstructured":"de Rezende Barbosa GL, Pimenta LA, Pretti H, Golden BA, Roberts J, Drake AF. Difference in maxillary sinus volumes of patients with cleft lip and palate. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;78(12):2234\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8174_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2020.08.011","volume":"159","author":"ML Rodrigues","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rodrigues ML, Francisco I, Caramelo F, Figueiredo JP, Vale F. A retrospective and tridimensional study of the maxillary sinus in patients with cleft lip and palate. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2021;159(1):e17\u201324.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"8174_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.10.025","volume":"137","author":"YJ Kim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim YJ, Hong JS, Hwang YI, Park YH. Three-dimensional analysis of pharyngeal airway in preadolescent children with different anteroposterior skeletal patterns. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2010;137(3):e3061\u201330611.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"8174_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665617726991","volume":"55","author":"O Demirtas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Demirtas O, Kalabalik F, Dane A, Aktan AM, Ciftci E, Tarim E. Does unilateral cleft lip and palate affect the maxillary sinus volume? Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2017;55(2):168\u201372.","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"8174_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2016.10.022","volume":"91","author":"B Bhushan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bhushan B, Rychlik K, Schroeder JW Jr. Development of the maxillary sinus in infants and children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2016;91:146\u201351.","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"9","key":"8174_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2015.05.032","volume":"79","author":"D Lorkiewicz-Muszy\u0144ska","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lorkiewicz-Muszy\u0144ska D, Kociemba W, Rewekant A, Sroka A, Jo\u0144czyk-Potoczna K, Patelska-Banaszewska M, Przysta\u0144ska A. Development of the maxillary sinus from birth to age 18: postnatal growth pattern. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;79(9):1393\u2013400.","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"5","key":"8174_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-019-05383-y","volume":"276","author":"CA Belgin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Belgin CA, Colak M, Adiguzel O, Akkus Z, Orhan K. Three-dimensional evaluation of maxillary sinus volume in different age and sex groups using CBCT. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2019;276(5):1493\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8174_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/5.1.47","volume":"5","author":"S Linder-Aronson","year":"1983","unstructured":"Linder-Aronson S, Leighton BC. A longitudinal study of the development of the posterior nasopharyngeal wall between 3 and 16 years of age. Eur J Orthod. 1983;5(1):47\u201358.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"2","key":"8174_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(91)70115-D","volume":"99","author":"LP Tourne","year":"1991","unstructured":"Tourne LP. Growth of the pharynx and its physiologic implications. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1991;99(2):129\u201339.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"8174_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/21.4.357","volume":"21","author":"CH Johnston","year":"1999","unstructured":"Johnston CH, Richardson A. Cephalometric changes in adult pharyngeal morphology. Eur J Orthod. 1999;21(4):357\u201362.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"8174_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schendel SA, Jacobson R, Khalessi S. Airway growth and development: a computerized 3-dimensional analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;70(9):2174\u201383.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.10.013"},{"key":"8174_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huynh NT, Desplats E, Almeida FR. Orthodontic treatments for managing obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2016;25:84\u201394.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2015.02.002"},{"issue":"5","key":"8174_CR32","first-page":"489","volume":"39","author":"JN Zimmerman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zimmerman JN, Lee J, Pliska BT. Reliability of upper pharyngeal airway assessment using dental CBCT: a systematic review. Eur J Orthod. 2017;39(5):489\u201396.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"8","key":"8174_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e43405","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043405","volume":"7","author":"T Cheung","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cheung T, Oberoi S. Three-dimensional assessment of the pharyngeal airway in individuals with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(8):e43405.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"8174_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.04.043","volume":"135","author":"C Aboudara","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aboudara C, Nielsen IB, Huang JC, Maki K, Miller AJ, Hatcher D. Comparison of airway space with conventional lateral headfilms and 3-dimensional reconstruction from cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2009;135(4):468\u201379.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"8174_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0544.2003.253.x","volume":"6","author":"CA Aboudara","year":"2003","unstructured":"Aboudara CA, Hatcher D, Nielsen IL, Miller A. A three-dimensional evaluation of the upper airway in adolescents. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2003;6:173\u20135.","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"8174_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.03.015","volume":"69","author":"CR Sears","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sears CR, Miller AJ, Chang MK, Huang JC, Lee JS. Comparison of pharyngeal airway changes on plain radiography and cone-beam computed tomography after orthognathic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;69(11):e385\u201394.","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"8174_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/45926904","volume":"37","author":"A Yamashina","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yamashina A, Tanimoto K, Sutthiprapaporn P, Hayakawa Y. The reliability of computed tomography (CT) values and dimensional measurements of the oropharyngeal region using cone beam CT: comparison with multidetector CT. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2008;37(5):245\u201351.","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8174_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S50e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.11.010","volume":"137","author":"H El","year":"2010","unstructured":"El H, Palomo JM. Measuring the airway in 3 dimensions: a reliability and accuracy study. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2010;137(4):S50e1.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"11","key":"8174_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2011.06.017","volume":"40","author":"R Guijarro-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guijarro-Mart\u00ednez R, Swennen GRJ. Cone-beam computerized tomography imaging and analysis of the upper airway: a systematic review of the literature. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;40(11):1227\u201337.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"8174_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.07.015","volume":"142","author":"A Weissheimer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Weissheimer A, De Menezes LM, Sameshima GT, Enciso R, Pham J, Grauer D. Imaging software accuracy for 3-dimensional analysis of the upper airway. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2012;142(6):801\u201313.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"8174_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.23.3.7835518","volume":"23","author":"Y Ariji","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ariji Y, Kuroki T, Moriguchi S, Ariji E, Kanda S. Age changes in the volume of the human maxillary sinus: a study using computed tomography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 1994;23:163\u20138.","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"8174_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jasi.2014.04.007","volume":"63","author":"K Suresh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Suresh K, Jehan M, Kumar A. Measurement of maxillary sinus volume and dimensions by computed tomography scan for gender determination. J Anat Soc India. 2014;63:36\u201342.","journal-title":"J Anat Soc India"},{"key":"8174_CR43","unstructured":"\u00c7olako\u011flu G. Sagital y\u00f6nde farkl\u0131 maksiller konuma sahip bireylerde maksiller sin\u00fcs hacimlerinin dental volumetrik tomografi kullan\u0131larak morfometrik olarak kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 [dissertation]. \u0130stanbul: Marmara Universitesi; 2013."},{"issue":"1","key":"8174_CR44","first-page":"63","volume":"30","author":"CH Park","year":"2000","unstructured":"Park CH, Kim KD, Park CS. Measurement of maxillary sinus volume using computed tomography. Korean J Oral Maxillofac Radiol. 2000;30(1):63\u201370. Korean.","journal-title":"Korean J Oral Maxillofac Radiol"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08174-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08174-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08174-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T14:46:06Z","timestamp":1776350766000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08174-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8174"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08174-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Gazi University Ethics Committee under protocol number 2021\u2009\u2212\u2009831. Informed consent was obtained from all participants or their legal guardians.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"684"}}