{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T14:29:32Z","timestamp":1788791372153,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"APAC Align Research Award","award":["AQKY22-1-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AQKY22-1-4"]}]},{"name":"APAC Align Research Award","award":["AQKY22-1-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AQKY22-1-4"]}]},{"name":"APAC Align Research Award","award":["AQKY22-1-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AQKY22-1-4"]}]},{"name":"China Oral Health Foundation","award":["A2021-143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A2021-143"]}]},{"name":"China Oral Health Foundation","award":["A2021-143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A2021-143"]}]},{"name":"China Oral Health Foundation","award":["A2021-143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A2021-143"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-026-08200-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T05:15:16Z","timestamp":1775020516000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Tooth rotational control with varying attachment configurations in clear aligners under compromised periodontal ligament support: a finite element study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yuching","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HiuChing","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"8200_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trindade D, Carvalho R, Machado V, Chambrone L, Mendes JJ, Botelho J: Prevalence of periodontitis in dentate people between 2011 and 2020: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. J Clin Periodontol 2023;50(5):604\u2013626.","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13769"},{"key":"8200_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Slots J: Periodontitis: facts, fallacies and the future. Periodontol 2000 2017;75(1):7\u201323.","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12221"},{"key":"8200_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanz M, Herrera D, Kebschull M, Chapple I, Jepsen S, Beglundh T, Sculean A, Tonetti MS: Treatment of stage I-III periodontitis-The EFP S3 level clinical practice guideline. J Clin Periodontol 2020;47(Suppl 22):4\u201360.","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13290"},{"key":"8200_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kwon T, Lamster IB, Levin L: Current Concepts in the Management of Periodontitis. Int Dent J 2021;71(6):462\u2013476.","DOI":"10.1111\/idj.12630"},{"key":"8200_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jepsen K, Sculean A, Jepsen S: Complications and treatment errors involving periodontal tissues related to orthodontic therapy. Periodontol 2000 2023;92(1):135\u2013158.","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12484"},{"key":"8200_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herrera D, Sanz M, Kebschull M, Jepsen S, Sculean A, Berglundh T, Papapanou PN, Chapple I, Tonetti MS: Treatment of stage IV periodontitis: The EFP S3 level clinical practice guideline. J Clin Periodontol 2022;49 Suppl 24:4\u201371.","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13639"},{"key":"8200_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erbe C, Heger S, Kasaj A, Berres M, Wehrbein H: Orthodontic treatment in periodontally compromised patients: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2023;27(1):79\u201389.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-022-04822-1"},{"key":"8200_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oruba Z, Gibas-Stanek M, Pihut M, Cze\u015bnikiewicz-Guzik M, St\u00f3s W: Orthodontic treatment in patients with periodontitis - a narrative literature review. Aust Dent J 2023;68(4):238\u2013246.","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12974"},{"key":"8200_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moga RA, Olteanu CD, Botez M, Buru SM: Assessment of the Maximum Amount of Orthodontic Force for PDL in Intact and Reduced Periodontium (Part I). Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023;20(3):1889.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20031889"},{"key":"8200_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhong W, Zhou C, Yin Y, Feng G, Zhao Z, Pan Y, Bai Y, Jin Z, Xu Y, Fang B et al: Expert consensus on orthodontic treatment of patients with periodontal disease. Int J Oral Sci 2025;17(1):27.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-025-00356-w"},{"key":"8200_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Spirito F, D\u2019Ambrosio F, Cannat\u00e0 D, D\u2019Ant\u00f2 V, Giordano F, Martina S: Impact of Clear Aligners versus Fixed Appliances on Periodontal Status of Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews. Healthcare (Basel) 2023;11(9):1340.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11091340"},{"key":"8200_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ronsivalle V, Malara C, Cicci\u00f9 M, Venezia P, Lo Giudice A: Digital orthodontic setup and clear aligners system for treating adult patients with periodontitis: a descriptive case report. Front Dent Med 2024;5:1353114.","DOI":"10.3389\/fdmed.2024.1353114"},{"key":"8200_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shokeen B, Viloria E, Duong E, Rizvi M, Murillo G, Mullen J, Shi B, Dinis M, Li H, Tran NC et al: The impact of fixed orthodontic appliances and clear aligners on the oral microbiome and the association with clinical parameters: A longitudinal comparative study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022;161(5):e475-e485.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2021.10.015"},{"key":"8200_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rouzi M, Zhang X, Jiang Q, Long H, Lai W, Li X: Impact of Clear Aligners on Oral Health and Oral Microbiome During Orthodontic Treatment. Int Dent J 2023;73(5):603\u2013611.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2023.03.012"},{"key":"8200_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weir T: Clear aligners in orthodontic treatment. Aust Dent J 2017;62 Suppl 1:58\u201362.","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12480"},{"key":"8200_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang J, Li J, Peng Y: Orthodontic treatment with clear aligners for a patient with chronic periodontitis. Korean J Orthod 2022;52(6):439\u2013450.","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod21.263"},{"key":"8200_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Upadhyay M, Arqub SA: Biomechanics of clear aligners: hidden truths & first principles. J World Fed Orthod 2022;11(1):12\u201321.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2021.11.002"},{"key":"8200_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muro MP, Caracciolo ACA, Patel MP, Feres MFN, Roscoe MG: Effectiveness and predictability of treatment with clear orthodontic aligners: A scoping review. Int Orthod 2023;21(2):100755.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2023.100755"},{"key":"8200_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rossini G, Parrini S, Castroflorio T, Deregibus A, Debernardi CL. Efficacy of clear aligners in controlling orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review. Angle Orthod. 2015;85(5):881\u20139.","DOI":"10.2319\/061614-436.1"},{"key":"8200_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galan-Lopez L, Barcia-Gonzalez J, Plasencia E. A systematic review of the accuracy and efficiency of dental movements with Invisalign\u00ae. Korean J Orthod. 2019;49(3):140\u20139.","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2019.49.3.140"},{"key":"8200_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Ant\u00f2 V, Rongo R, Casaburo SD, Martina S, Petrucci P, Keraj K, et al. Predictability of tooth rotations in patients treated with clear aligners. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):11348.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-61594-2"},{"key":"8200_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haouili N, Kravitz ND, Vaid NR, Ferguson DJ, Makki L. Has Invisalign improved? A prospective follow-up study on the efficacy of tooth movement with Invisalign. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2020;158(3):420\u20135.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2019.12.015"},{"key":"8200_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simon M, Keilig L, Schwarze J, Jung BA, Bourauel C. Treatment outcome and efficacy of an aligner technique\u2013regarding incisor torque, premolar derotation and molar distalization. BMC Oral Health. 2014;14:68.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-14-68"},{"key":"8200_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castroflorio T, Sedran A, Parrini S, Garino F, Reverdito M, Capuozzo R, et al. Predictability of orthodontic tooth movement with aligners: effect of treatment design. Prog Orthod. 2023;24(1):2.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-022-00453-0"},{"key":"8200_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simon M, Keilig L, Schwarze J, Jung BA, Bourauel C. Forces and moments generated by removable thermoplastic aligners: incisor torque, premolar derotation, and molar distalization. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;145(6):728\u201336.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2014.03.015"},{"key":"8200_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meng X, Wang C, Xu W, Wang R, Zheng L, Wang C, et al. Effects of different designs of orthodontic clear aligners on the maxillary central incisors in the tooth extraction cases: a biomechanical study. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23(1):416.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03106-8"},{"key":"8200_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hong YY, Kang T, Zhou MQ, Zhong JY, Chen XP. Effect of varying auxiliaries on maxillary incisor torque control with clear aligners: A finite element analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2024;166(1):50\u201360.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2024.02.012"},{"key":"8200_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ohiomoba H, Sonis A, Yansane A, Friedland B. Quantitative evaluation of maxillary alveolar cortical bone thickness and density using computed tomography imaging. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2017;151(1):82\u201391.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.05.015"},{"key":"8200_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guo R, Lam XY, Zhang L, Li W, Lin Y. Biomechanical analysis of miniscrew-assisted molar distalization with clear aligners: a three-dimensional finite element study. Eur J Orthod. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejo\/cjad077.","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjad077"},{"key":"8200_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sultano\u011flu E, G\u00fcrel HG, G\u00fclyurt M. The Effects of Different Attachment Types and Positions on Rotation Movement in Clear Aligner Treatments: A Finite Element Analysis. Cureus. 2024;16(8):e66273.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.66273"},{"key":"8200_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tonetti MS, Greenwell H, Kornman KS. Staging and grading of periodontitis: Framework and proposal of a new classification and case definition. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45(Suppl 20):S149-s161.","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12945"},{"key":"8200_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cho SM, Choi SH, Sung SJ, Yu HS, Hwang CJ. The effects of alveolar bone loss and miniscrew position on initial tooth displacement during intrusion of the maxillary anterior teeth: Finite element analysis. Korean J Orthod. 2016;46(5):310\u201322.","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2016.46.5.310"},{"key":"8200_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma Y, Li S. The optimal orthodontic displacement of clear aligner for mild, moderate and severe periodontal conditions: an in vitro study in a periodontally compromised individual using the finite element model. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21(1):109.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-021-01474-7"},{"key":"8200_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gomez JP, Pe\u00f1a FM, Mart\u00ednez V, Giraldo DC, Cardona CI. Initial force systems during bodily tooth movement with plastic aligners and composite attachments: A three-dimensional finite element analysis. Angle Orthod. 2015;85(3):454\u201360.","DOI":"10.2319\/050714-330.1"},{"key":"8200_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cortona A, Rossini G, Parrini S, Deregibus A, Castroflorio T. Clear aligner orthodontic therapy of rotated mandibular round-shaped teeth: A finite element study. Angle Orthod. 2020;90(2):247\u201354.","DOI":"10.2319\/020719-86.1"},{"key":"8200_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu X, Cheng Y, Qin W, Fang S, Wang W, Ma Y, et al. Effects of upper-molar distalization using clear aligners in combination with Class II elastics: a three-dimensional finite element analysis. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22(1):546.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02526-2"},{"key":"8200_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kojima Y, Fukui H. Numerical simulations of canine retraction with T-loop springs based on the updated moment-to-force ratio. Eur J Orthod. 2012;34(1):10\u20138.","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjq164"},{"key":"8200_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moga RA, Buru SM, Chiorean CG. Overall stress in periodontal ligament under orthodontic movement during a periodontal breakdown. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2022;161(2):e127\u201335.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2021.06.014"},{"key":"8200_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilson AN, Middleton J, Jones ML, McGuinness NJ. The finite element analysis of stress in the periodontal ligament when subject to vertical orthodontic forces. Br J Orthod. 1994;21(2):161\u20137.","DOI":"10.1179\/bjo.21.2.161"},{"key":"8200_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferlias N, Dalstra M, Cornelis MA, Cattaneo PM. In Vitro Comparison of Different Invisalign\u00ae and 3Shape\u00ae Attachment Shapes to Control Premolar Rotation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022;10:840622.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.840622"},{"key":"8200_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parthiban R, Kailasam V, Venkatasamy NS. Rotations of teeth-a systematic review. Front Oral Health. 2024;5:1484020.","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2024.1484020"},{"key":"8200_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jati AS, Furquim LZ, Consolaro A. Gingival recession: its causes and types, and the importance of orthodontic treatment. Dental Press J Orthod. 2016;21(3):18\u201329.","DOI":"10.1590\/2177-6709.21.3.018-029.oin"},{"key":"8200_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meng M, Yang M, Lv C, Yang Q, Yang Z, Chen S. Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Relapse of Rotated Teeth: A Systematic Review of Human and Animal Study. Photomed Laser Surg. 2017;35(1):3\u201311.","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2015.4069"},{"key":"8200_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robertson L, Kaur H, Fagundes NCF, Romanyk D, Major P, Flores Mir C. Effectiveness of clear aligner therapy for orthodontic treatment: A systematic review. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2020;23(2):133\u201342.","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12353"},{"key":"8200_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lombardo L, Arreghini A, Ramina F, Huanca Ghislanzoni LT, Siciliani G. Predictability of orthodontic movement with orthodontic aligners: a retrospective study. Prog Orthod. 2017;18(1):35.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-017-0190-0"},{"key":"8200_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kravitz ND, Kusnoto B, Agran B, Viana G. Influence of attachments and interproximal reduction on the accuracy of canine rotation with Invisalign. A prospective clinical study. Angle Orthod. 2008;78(4):682\u20137.","DOI":"10.2319\/0003-3219(2008)078[0682:IOAAIR]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"8200_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karras T, Singh M, Karkazis E, Liu D, Nimeri G, Ahuja B. Efficacy of Invisalign attachments: A retrospective study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2021;160(2):250\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2020.04.028"},{"key":"8200_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gr\u00fcnheid T, Loh C, Larson BE. How accurate is Invisalign in nonextraction cases? Are predicted tooth positions achieved?>. Angle Orthod. 2017;87(6):809\u201315.","DOI":"10.2319\/022717-147.1"},{"key":"8200_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charalampakis O, Iliadi A, Ueno H, Oliver DR, Kim KB. Accuracy of clear aligners: A retrospective study of patients who needed refinement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2018;154(1):47\u201354.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2017.11.028"},{"key":"8200_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao H, Hua X, Yang L, Aoki K, Shang S, Lin D. A systematic review of biomechanics of clear aligners by finite element analysis. BMC Oral Health. 2025;25(1):1026.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-06295-6"},{"key":"8200_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu L, Song Q, Zhou J, Kuang Q, Yan X, Zhang X, et al. The effects of aligner overtreatment on torque control and intrusion of incisors for anterior retraction with clear aligners: A finite-element study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2022;162(1):33\u201341.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2021.02.020"},{"key":"8200_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elkholy F, Mikhaiel B, Repky S, Schmidt F, Lapatki BG. Effect of different attachment geometries on the mechanical load exerted by PET\u2011G aligners during derotation of mandibular canines\u202f: An in vitro study. J Orofac Orthop. 2019;80(6):315\u201326.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-019-00193-7"},{"key":"8200_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pede K, Shetty P, Ranjan A, Khan W, Patil H, Mishra H. Evaluation of effects of different sizes and shapes of attachments during rotation, tipping, and torquing in clear aligner therapy - A finite element study. J Orthod Sci. 2024;13:30.","DOI":"10.4103\/jos.jos_199_23"},{"key":"8200_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brezniak N. The clear plastic appliance: a biomechanical point of view. Angle Orthod. 2008;78(2):381\u20132.","DOI":"10.2319\/0003-3219(2008)078[0381:TCPA]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"8200_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elkholy F, Mikhaiel B, Schmidt F, Lapatki BG. Mechanical load exerted by PET-G aligners during mesial and distal derotation of a mandibular canine\u202f: An in vitro study. J Orofac Orthop. 2017;78(5):361\u201370.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-017-0090-4"},{"key":"8200_CR56","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez Arango JP, Pe\u00f1a FM, Valencia E, Mesa CE. Effect of composite attachment on initial force system generated during canine rotation with plastic aligners: a threedimensional finite elements analysis. J Aligner Orthod. 2018;2(1):31\u201336."},{"key":"8200_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moga RA, Buru SM, Chiorean CG, Cosgarea R. Compressive stress in periodontal ligament under orthodontic movements during periodontal breakdown. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2021;159(3):e291\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2020.10.021"},{"key":"8200_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen Y, Huang Y, Deng X. External cervical resorption-a review of pathogenesis and potential predisposing factors. Int J Oral Sci. 2021;13(1):19.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-021-00121-9"},{"key":"8200_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moga RA, Cosgarea R, Buru SM, Chiorean CG. Finite element analysis of the dental pulp under orthodontic forces. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2019;155(4):543\u201351.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.05.018"},{"key":"8200_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hemanth M, Raghuveer HP, Rani MS, Hegde C, Kabbur KJ, Vedavathi B, et al. An Analysis of the Stress Induced in the Periodontal Ligament during Extrusion and Rotation Movements: A Finite Element Method Linear Study Part I. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2015;16(9):740\u20133.","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-1750"},{"key":"8200_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moga RA, Buru SM, Olteanu CD. Assessment of the Best FEA Failure Criteria (Part I): Investigation of the Biomechanical Behavior of PDL in Intact and Reduced Periodontium. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph191912424.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191912424"},{"key":"8200_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hohmann A, Wolfram U, Geiger M, Boryor A, Sander C, Faltin R, et al. Periodontal ligament hydrostatic pressure with areas of root resorption after application of a continuous torque moment. Angle Orthod. 2007;77(4):653\u20139.","DOI":"10.2319\/060806-234"},{"key":"8200_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Sosowa AA, Alhajj MN, Abdulghani EA, Al-Moraissi EA, Zheng H, Pang Y, et al. Three-dimensional Analysis of Alveolar Bone With and Without Periodontitis. Int Dent J. 2022;72(5):634\u201340.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2022.03.003"},{"key":"8200_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fiorillo G, Campobasso A, Croce S, Hussain U, Battista G, Lo Muzio E, et al. Accuracy of clear aligners in the orthodontic rotational movement using different attachment configurations. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2024;27(6):996\u20131003.","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12846"},{"key":"8200_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie J, Liu F, Sang T, Wu J. Factors affecting the efficacy of Invisalign in anterior tooth rotation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2023;163(4):540-552.e542.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.04.017"},{"key":"8200_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elshazly TM, Bourauel C, Ismail A, Ghoraba O, Aldesoki M, Salvatori D, et al. Effect of material composition and thickness of orthodontic aligners on the transmission and distribution of forces: an in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig. 2024;28(5):258.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-024-05662-x"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08200-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08200-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08200-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T13:16:54Z","timestamp":1777295814000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08200-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8200"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08200-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the Decla-ration of Helsinki, and approved by the Ethical Committee of West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University (WCHSIRB-D-2025-339) on 1\u2009st July, 2025. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. No clinical intervention was performed.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent has been obtained from the patient(s) to publish this paper.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"745"}}