{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T16:54:45Z","timestamp":1793724885907,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":60,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-026-08234-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T10:46:35Z","timestamp":1775731595000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of masseter muscle thickness in relation to sagittal skeletal pattern, intermolar width and masseter echogenicity: a prospective ultrasonographic and lateral cephalometric radiographic study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1492-8430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selinay Sari","family":"Kurt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8633-1764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Halil","family":"Ayyildiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"8234_CR1","first-page":"698","volume":"16","author":"OA Soyoye","year":"2018","unstructured":"Soyoye OA, Otuyemi OD, Kolawole KA, Ayoola OO. Relationship between masseter muscle thickness and maxillofacial morphology in pre-orthodontic treatment patients. Int Orthod. 2018;16(4):698\u2013711.","journal-title":"Int Orthod"},{"issue":"6","key":"8234_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cji052","volume":"27","author":"F Satiro\u011flu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Satiro\u011flu F, Arun T, I\u015fik F. Comparative data on facial morphology and muscle thickness using ultrasonography. Eur J Orthod. 2005;27(6):562\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"8","key":"8234_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12806","volume":"24","author":"G Isola","year":"2018","unstructured":"Isola G, Anastasi GP, Matarese G, Williams RC, Cutroneo G, Bracco P, Piancino MG. Functional and molecular outcomes of the human masticatory muscles. Oral Dis. 2018;24(8):1428\u201341.","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"8234_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.5624\/isd.2018.48.3.213","volume":"48","author":"KM Park","year":"2018","unstructured":"Park KM, Choi E, Kwak EJ, Kim S, Park W, Jeong JS, Kim KD. The relationship between masseter muscle thickness measured by ultrasonography and facial profile in young Korean adults. Imaging Sci Dent. 2018;48(3):213\u201321.","journal-title":"Imaging Sci Dent"},{"issue":"8","key":"8234_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20220166","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20220166","volume":"51","author":"NG Ispir","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ispir NG, Toraman M. The relationship of masseter muscle thickness with face morphology and parafunctional habits: an ultrasound study. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2022;51(8):20220166.","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"8234_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20170052","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20170052","volume":"46","author":"AP Reis Dur\u00e3o","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reis Dur\u00e3o AP, Morosolli A, Brown J, Jacobs R. Masseter muscle measurement performed by ultrasound: a systematic review. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2017;46(6):20170052. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/dmfr.20170052. Epub 2017 Jun 8. PMID: 28467130; PMCID: PMC5606285.","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"8234_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.111247","volume":"23","author":"AK Rohila","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rohila AK, Sharma VP, Shrivastav PK, Nagar A, Singh GP. An ultrasonographic evaluation of masseter muscle thickness in different dentofacial patterns. Indian J Dent Res. 2012;23(6):726\u201331.","journal-title":"Indian J Dent Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"8234_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/00016350701884604","volume":"66","author":"M Charalampidou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Charalampidou M, Kjellberg H, Georgiakaki I, Kiliaridis S. Masseter muscle thickness and mechanical advantage in relation to vertical craniofacial morphology in children. Acta Odontol Scand. 2008;66(1):23\u201330.","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"issue":"2","key":"8234_CR9","first-page":"28","volume":"5","author":"S Tircoveluri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tircoveluri S, Singh JR, Rayapudi N, Karra A, Begum M, Challa P. Correlation of masseter muscle thickness and intermolar width - an ultrasonography study. J Int Oral Health. 2013;5(2):28\u201334.","journal-title":"J Int Oral Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"8234_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjq152","volume":"33","author":"Y Uchida","year":"2011","unstructured":"Uchida Y, Motoyoshi M, Shigeeda T, Shinohara A, Igarashi Y, Sakaguchi M, Shimizu N. Relationship between masseter muscle size and maxillary morphology. Eur J Orthod. 2011;33(6):654\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejo\/cjq152. Epub 2011 Jan 24. PMID: 21262936.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"3","key":"8234_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.36.136","volume":"36","author":"R Kobayashi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kobayashi R, Haga S, Umehara A, Takakaze M, Akatsuka K, Nakano H. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the masseter muscle by ultrasonography and correlation with whole body health status. J Phys Ther Sci. 2024;36(3):136\u201341.","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"8234_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/25.3.259","volume":"25","author":"S Kiliaridis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kiliaridis S, Georgiakaki I, Katsaros C. Masseter muscle thickness and maxillary dental arch width. Eur J Orthod. 2003;25(3):259\u201363.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"3","key":"8234_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.70812","volume":"21","author":"S Rani","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rani S, Ravi MS. Masseter muscle thickness in different skeletal morphology: an ultrasonographic study. Indian J Dent Res. 2010;21(3):402\u20137.","journal-title":"Indian J Dent Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"8234_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S889","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1112_23","volume":"16","author":"J Meher","year":"2024","unstructured":"Meher J, Khan SH, Abhishek, Prasad KS, Dixit C, Singh RK. Masseter Muscle Thickness in Relation to Facial Form in Angle\u2019s Normal Occlusion and Malocclusions: An Observational Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024;16(Suppl 1):S889\u201393.","journal-title":"J Pharm Bioallied Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"8234_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2013.03.012","volume":"115","author":"J Marotti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marotti J, Heger S, Tinschert J, Tortamano P, Chuembou F, Radermacher K, Wolfart S. Recent advances of ultrasound imaging in dentistry\u2013a review of the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2013;115(6):819\u201332.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"8234_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2008.05.009","volume":"34","author":"MD Serra","year":"2008","unstructured":"Serra MD, Duarte Gavi\u00e3o MB, dos Santos Uch\u00f4a MN. The use of ultrasound in the investigation of the muscles of mastication. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2008;34(12):1875\u201384.","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8234_CR17","first-page":"486","volume":"11","author":"A Ta\u015f","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ta\u015f A, Y\u0131lmaz S. Di\u015f Hekimli\u011finde Ultrasonografi ve Malign Dokularda Kullan\u0131m\u0131. S\u00fcleyman Demirel \u00dcniversitesi Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri Dergisi. 2020;11(4):486\u201393.","journal-title":"S\u00fcleyman Demirel \u00dcniversitesi Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri Dergisi"},{"issue":"4","key":"8234_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1007\/s11282-023-00688-5","volume":"39","author":"ZB Arslan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arslan ZB, Ya\u015far F. Evaluation of the thickness and internal structure of the masseter muscle with ultrasonography in female bruxism patients. Oral Radiol. 2023;39(4):708\u201314.","journal-title":"Oral Radiol"},{"key":"8234_CR19","unstructured":"W R. Image Processing and Analysis in Java. https:\/\/imagej.net\/ij\/download.html. Accessed 08 Jan 2023."},{"issue":"5","key":"8234_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1590\/2177-6709.23.5.075-081.oar","volume":"23","author":"M Ahmed","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ahmed M, Shaikh A, Fida M. Diagnostic validity of different cephalometric analyses for assessment of the sagittal skeletal pattern. Dent Press J Orthod. 2018;23(5):75\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/2177-6709.23.5.075-081.oar. PMID: 30427496; PMCID: PMC6266314.","journal-title":"Dent Press J Orthod"},{"issue":"19","key":"8234_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6333","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12196333","volume":"12","author":"J Kotu\u0142a","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kotu\u0142a J, Kuc A, Szel\u0105g E, Babczy\u0144ska A, Lis J, Matys J, Kawala B, Sarul M. Comparison of Diagnostic Validity of Cephalometric Analyses of the ANB Angle and Tau Angle for Assessment of the Sagittal Relationship of Jaw and Mandible. J Clin Med. 2023;12(19):6333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12196333. PMID: 37834977; PMCID: PMC10573306.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"8234_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2009.09.016","volume":"43","author":"JH Chen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chen JH, Liu C, You L, Simmons CA. Boning up on Wolff\u2019s Law: mechanical regulation of the cells that make and maintain bone. J Biomech. 2010;43(1):108\u201318.","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"1","key":"8234_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s11282-024-00774-2","volume":"41","author":"C T\u00fcfek\u00e7i","year":"2025","unstructured":"T\u00fcfek\u00e7i C, G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f EB, Y\u0131lmaz SG. Evaluation of masticatory muscles in patients with different sagittal direction skeletal anomalies by ultrasonography and ultrasonographic elastography. Oral Radiol. 2025;41(1):41\u201351.","journal-title":"Oral Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"8234_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(199707)248:3<464::AID-AR20>3.0.CO;2-M","volume":"248","author":"TM Van Eijden","year":"1997","unstructured":"Van Eijden TM, Korfage JA, Brugman P. Architecture of the human jaw-closing and jaw-opening muscles. Anat Rec. 1997;248(3):464\u201374.","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"issue":"9","key":"8234_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910508400901","volume":"84","author":"JA Korfage","year":"2005","unstructured":"Korfage JA, Koolstra JH, Langenbach GE, van Eijden TM. Fiber-type composition of the human jaw muscles\u2013(part 1) origin and functional significance of fiber-type diversity. J Dent Res. 2005;84(9):74\u201383.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"195","key":"8234_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.24976\/Discov.Med.202537195.61","volume":"37","author":"L Tian","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tian L, He Y, Zhang W, Yang W, Jiang C, He D, Mao E, Luo Y, Sheng X. Effects of Botulinum Toxin A on Condylar Subchondral Bone Mass. Discov Med. 2025;37(195):706\u201314.","journal-title":"Discov Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"8234_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2015.05.034","volume":"148","author":"T Matthys","year":"2015","unstructured":"Matthys T, Ho Dang HA, Rafferty KL, Herring SW. Bone and cartilage changes in rabbit mandibular condyles after 1 injection of botulinum toxin. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2015;148(6):999\u20131009.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"12","key":"8234_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2008.07.004","volume":"53","author":"A Odman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Odman A, Mavropoulos A, Kiliaridis S. Do masticatory functional changes influence the mandibular morphology in adult rats. Arch Oral Biol. 2008;53(12):1149\u201354.","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8234_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-024-00534-2","volume":"25","author":"D Togninalli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Togninalli D, Antonarakis GS, Papadopoulou AK. Relationship between craniofacial skeletal patterns and anatomic characteristics of masticatory muscles: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prog Orthod. 2024;25(1):36.","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"issue":"12","key":"8234_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(94)90061-2","volume":"39","author":"MC Raadsheer","year":"1994","unstructured":"Raadsheer MC, Van Eijden TM, Van Spronsen PH, Van Ginkel FC, Kiliaridis S, Prahl-Andersen B. A comparison of human masseter muscle thickness measured by ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging. Arch Oral Biol. 1994;39(12):1079\u201384.","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8234_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.1025","volume":"29","author":"AC Dupont","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dupont AC, Sauerbrei EE, Fenton PV, Shragge PC, Loeb GE, Richmond FJ. Real-time sonography to estimate muscle thickness: comparison with MRI and CT. J Clin Ultrasound. 2001;29(4):230\u20136.","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"},{"issue":"1","key":"8234_CR32","first-page":"47","volume":"17","author":"K Biondi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Biondi K, Lorusso P, Fastuca R, Mangano A, Zecca PA, Bosco M, Caprioglio A, Levrini L. Evaluation of masseter muscle in different vertical skeletal patterns in growing patients. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2016;17(1):47\u201352.","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"8234_CR33","first-page":"32","volume":"12","author":"MP Becht","year":"2014","unstructured":"Becht MP, Mah J, Martin C, Razmus T, Gunel E, Ngan P. Evaluation of masseter muscle morphology in different types of malocclusions using cone beam computed tomography. Int Orthod. 2014;12(1):32\u201348.","journal-title":"Int Orthod"},{"issue":"3","key":"8234_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1007\/s10266-023-00785-1","volume":"111","author":"P Meisel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Meisel P, Daboul A, B\u00fclow R, Eremenko M, V\u00f6lzke H, Biffar R, Kocher T. Masticaticatory muscles characteristics in relation to adiposity and general muscular fitness: a population-based study. Odontology. 2023;111(3):742\u20139.","journal-title":"Odontology"},{"issue":"1","key":"8234_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14357","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71378-z","volume":"10","author":"PH Chang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chang PH, Chen YJ, Chang KV, Wu WT, \u00d6z\u00e7akar L. Ultrasound measurements of superficial and deep masticatory muscles in various postures: reliability and influencers. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):14357.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"8234_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2030","volume":"45","author":"AZ Pereira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pereira AZ, Uezima CB, Zanella MT, Prado RRD, Gonzalez MC, Zheng J, Heymsfield SB. Muscle Echogenicity and Changes Related to Age and Body Mass Index. JPEN J Parenter Enter Nutr. 2021;45(7):1591\u20136. Epub 2020 Dec 8. PMID: 33111338.","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enter Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"8234_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13010026","volume":"13","author":"M Umbrello","year":"2023","unstructured":"Umbrello M, Brogi E, Formenti P, Corradi F, Forfori F. Ultrasonographic Features of Muscular Weakness and Muscle Wasting in Critically Ill Patients. J Clin Med. 2023;13(1):26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13010026. PMID: 38202033; PMCID: PMC10780243.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"8234_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Reimers K, Reimers CD, Wagner S, Paetzke I, Pongratz DE. Skeletal muscle sonography: a correlative study of echogenicity and morphology. J Ultrasound Med. 1993;12(2):73\u2009\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7863\/jum.1993.12.2.73. PMID: 8468739.","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1993.12.2.73"},{"issue":"1","key":"8234_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14522","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-65395-5","volume":"14","author":"BB de Souza Nobre","year":"2024","unstructured":"de Souza Nobre BB, Rezende L, Barbosa C\u00e2mara-Souza M, Sanchez-Ayala A, Blass R, Carbone AC, Manso AC, Ernberg M, Christidis N. De la Torre Canales G. Exploring botulinum toxin\u2019s impact on masseter hypertrophy: a randomized, triple-blinded clinical trial. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):14522.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"8234_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins17020091","volume":"17","author":"M Ferrillo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ferrillo M, Sommadossi E, Raciti L, Calafiore D, Mezian K, Tarantino V, Vecchio M, Longo UG, Losco L, de Sire A. The Role of Botulinum Toxin for Masseter Muscle Hypertrophy: A Comprehensive Review. Toxins (Basel). 2025;17(2):91.","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"23","key":"8234_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2755","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14232755","volume":"14","author":"S Szajkowski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Szajkowski S, Pasek J, Cie\u015blar G. The Condition of the Masseter Muscles After Orthodontic Treatment with Fixed Appliances. Diagnostics (Basel). 2024;14(23):2755.","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08234-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08234-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08234-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T02:16:04Z","timestamp":1780884964000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08234-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8234"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08234-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The research protocol was approved by Kutahya Health Science University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee (decision date and approval number: 19.12.2023 - 2023\/14-28). All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008 (5). Patients invited to participate in the study signed an Informed Consent Form.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"976"}}