{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T15:43:26Z","timestamp":1776354206213,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775088000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-026-08245-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T03:03:21Z","timestamp":1775099001000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Differential diagnosis between oral squamous cell carcinoma and osteomyelitis through mandibular canal changes on panoramic radiographs"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Jung Eun","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Hoe","family":"Huh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ju-Hee","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo-Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Won-Jin","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min-Suk","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sam-Sun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"8245_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-023-00249-w","volume":"15","author":"Y Tan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tan Y, Wang Z, Xu M, et al. Oral squamous cell carcinomas: state of the field and emerging directions. Int J Oral Sci. 2023;15:44.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"key":"8245_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15446","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95007-5","volume":"11","author":"NC Lin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lin NC, Hsien SI, Hsu JT, Chen MYC. Impact on patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma in different anatomical subsites: A single-center study in Taiwan. Sci Rep. 2021;11:15446.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"8245_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1159\/000507478","volume":"13","author":"H Takahashi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Takahashi H, Takaku Y, Kozakai A, Otsuru H, Murata Y, Myers MW. Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma arising from a dentigerous cyst of the maxillary wisdom tooth. Case Rep Oncol. 2020;13:611\u20136.","journal-title":"Case Rep Oncol"},{"key":"8245_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-020-03091-2","volume":"36","author":"M de Pauli Paglioni","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Pauli Paglioni M, Faria KM, Palmier NR, et al. Patterns of oral mucositis in advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma patients managed with prophylactic photobiomodulation therapy: insights for future protocol development. Lasers Med Sci. 2021;36:429\u201336.","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"8245_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480600818054","volume":"127","author":"KC Prasad","year":"2007","unstructured":"Prasad KC, Prasad SC, Mouli N, Agarwal S. Osteomyelitis in the head and neck. Acta Otolaryngol. 2007;127(2):194\u2013205.","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"8245_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mundiya J. Osteomyelitis of the jaw. In: Dym H, Halpern LR, Ogle OE, editors. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology for the Clinician. Hoboken (NJ): Wiley; 2023. pp. 183\u201392.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119362579.ch15"},{"key":"8245_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03447-6","volume":"25","author":"J Moratin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moratin J, Freudlsperger C, Metzger K, et al. Development of osteomyelitis following dental abscesses-influence of therapy and comorbidities. Clin Oral Invest. 2021;25:1395\u2013401.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Invest"},{"key":"8245_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2017.05.003","volume":"118","author":"B Gonz\u00e1lez-Navarro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Navarro B, Arranz-Obispo C, Albuquerque R, Jan\u00e9-Salas E, L\u00f3pez-L\u00f3pez J. Osteomyelitis of the jaw (with pathological fracture) following extraction of an impacted wisdom tooth. A case report. J Stomatology Oral Maxillofacial Surg. 2017;118:306\u20139.","journal-title":"J Stomatology Oral Maxillofacial Surg"},{"key":"8245_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/S1348-8643(08)80021-3","volume":"5","author":"H Nakano","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nakano H, Miki T, Aota K, Sumi T, Matsumoto K, Yura Y. Garr\u00e9\u2019s osteomyelitis of the mandible caused by an infected wisdom tooth. Oral Sci Int. 2008;5:150\u20134.","journal-title":"Oral Sci Int"},{"key":"8245_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-020-1325-0","volume":"228","author":"S Prabhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Prabhu S, Khan S, Doudnikoff A, Peters T, Reebye U. Osteomyelitis or osteitis? Br Dent J. 2020;228:228\u20139.","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"8245_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-5-291","volume":"5","author":"N Akbulut","year":"2011","unstructured":"Akbulut N, Oztas B, Kursun S, Evirgen S. Delayed diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma: a case series. J Med Case Rep. 2011;5:291.","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"8245_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s11282-023-00701-x","volume":"39","author":"C Sugawara","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sugawara C, Takahashi A. Orofacial symptoms suggestive of malignant lesions and the role of imaging: literature review and case presentation. Oral Radiol. 2023;39:599\u2013613.","journal-title":"Oral Radiol"},{"key":"8245_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.5624\/isd.20230263","volume":"54","author":"YM Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim YM, Choi HK, Kim JE, Han JJ, Huh KH. Multislice computed tomography demonstrating mental nerve paresthesia caused by periapical infection: A case report. Imaging Sci Dentistry. 2024;54:115\u201320.","journal-title":"Imaging Sci Dentistry"},{"key":"8245_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8360357","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8360357","volume":"2019","author":"J Cheung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cheung J, Al Afif A, Bullock MJ, Robertson C, Hart R, Goodday R. An unusual case of mandibular squamous cell carcinoma in intimacy with an impacted wisdom tooth. Case Rep Surg. 2019;2019:8360357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/8360357.","journal-title":"Case Rep Surg"},{"key":"8245_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-025-02450-2","author":"R Ghosh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ghosh R, Sinha N, Ansari S, Garg S, Gupta RK, Dandekar M. Mandibular squamous cell carcinoma mimicking chronic osteomyelitis: diagnostic dilemma. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12663-025-02450-2. Epub ahead of print 2025 Feb 7.","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"8245_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12092062","volume":"12","author":"R Scanferla","year":"2022","unstructured":"Scanferla R, Roselli G, Scoccianti G, Bartolini M, Muratori F, Campanacci DA. Management of squamous cell carcinoma in chronic osteomyelitis: our experience, review of the literature and role of MRI in differential diagnosis. Diagnostics. 2022;12:2062.","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"4","key":"8245_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.3390\/oral1040032","volume":"1","author":"R Mauceri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mauceri R, Toro C, Panzarella V, Iurato Carbone M, Rodolico V, Campisi G. Oral squamous cell carcinoma mimicking medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ): a case series. Oral. 2021;1(4):326\u201331.","journal-title":"Oral"},{"key":"8245_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-016-1002-8","volume":"10","author":"G Caruso","year":"2016","unstructured":"Caruso G, Gerace E, Lorusso V, Cultrera R, Moretti L, Massari L. Squamous cell carcinoma in chronic osteomyelitis: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep. 2016;10:215.","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"8245_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034519827565","volume":"98","author":"YJ Shin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shin YJ, Choung HW, Lee JH, Rhyu IC, Kim HD. Association of periodontitis with oral cancer: a case-control study. J Dent Res. 2019;98:526\u201333.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"8245_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-021-02708-7","volume":"43","author":"JJ Valenzuela-Fuenzalida","year":"2021","unstructured":"Valenzuela-Fuenzalida JJ, Cariseo C, Gold M, D\u00edaz D, Orellana M, Iwanaga J. Anatomical variations of the mandibular canal and their clinical implications in dental practice: a literature review. Surg Radiol Anat. 2021;43:1259\u201372.","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"8245_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03496-9","volume":"23","author":"SY Chun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chun SY, Kang YH, Yang S, et al. Automatic classification of 3D positional relationship between mandibular third molar and inferior alveolar canal using a distance-aware network. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23:794.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"8245_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.5624\/isd.20230245","volume":"54","author":"MTZ Aung","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aung MTZ, Lim SH, Han J, et al. Deep learning-based automatic segmentation of the mandibular canal on panoramic radiographs: A multi-device study. Imaging Sci Dentistry. 2024;54:81\u201391.","journal-title":"Imaging Sci Dentistry"},{"key":"8245_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.5624\/isd.2019.49.2.79","volume":"49","author":"H Mortazavi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mortazavi H, Baharvand M, Safi Y, Behnaz M. Common conditions associated with displacement of the inferior alveolar nerve canal: A radiographic diagnostic aid. Imaging Sci Dentistry. 2019;49:79\u201386.","journal-title":"Imaging Sci Dentistry"},{"key":"8245_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.5624\/isd.2019.49.2.87","volume":"49","author":"H Mortazavi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mortazavi H, Baharvand M, Safi Y, Dalaie K, Behnaz M, Safari F. Common conditions associated with mandibular canal widening: A literature review. Imaging Sci Dentistry. 2019;49:87\u201395.","journal-title":"Imaging Sci Dentistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"8245_CR25","first-page":"37","volume":"20","author":"JA Cohen","year":"1960","unstructured":"Cohen JA. A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Psychol Bull. 1960;20(1):37\u201346.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"8245_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","volume":"33","author":"JR Landis","year":"1977","unstructured":"Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. 1977;33(1):159\u201374.","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"8245_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S, Sturdivant RX. Applied logistic regression. 3rd ed. Hoboken (NJ): Wiley; 2013.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118548387"},{"issue":"8","key":"8245_CR28","first-page":"728","volume":"52","author":"R Abdalla-Aslan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdalla-Aslan R, Keshet N, Zadik Y, Aframian DJ, Nadler C. Standardization of terminology, imaging features, and interpretation of CBCT sialography of major salivary glands: a clinical review. Quintessence Int. 2021;52(8):728\u201340.","journal-title":"Quintessence Int"},{"key":"8245_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.5624\/isd.20230258","volume":"54","author":"T Oshima","year":"2024","unstructured":"Oshima T, Asaumi R, Ogura S, Kawai T. Evaluation of peri-implant bone defects on cone-beam computed tomography and the diagnostic accuracy of detecting these defects on panoramic images. Imaging Sci Dentistry. 2024;54:171\u201380.","journal-title":"Imaging Sci Dentistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"8245_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25021251","volume":"25","author":"IS Pateras","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pateras IS, Igea A, Nikas IP, et al. Diagnostic challenges during inflammation and cancer: current biomarkers and future perspectives in navigating through the minefield of reactive versus dysplastic and cancerous lesions in the digestive system. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(2):1251.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"8245_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-022-04099-1","volume":"52","author":"J Crim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Crim J, Layfield LJ. Bone and soft tissue tumors at the borderlands of malignancy. Skeletal Radiol. 2023;52:379\u201392.","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"8245_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm6120116","volume":"6","author":"M Kawaguchi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kawaguchi M, Kato H, Tomita H, et al. Imaging characteristics of malignant sinonasal tumors. J Clin Med. 2017;6(12):116.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"8245_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3301","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-017-4189-7","volume":"28","author":"K Briot","year":"2017","unstructured":"Briot K, Geusens P, Em Bultink I, Lems WF, Roux C. Inflammatory diseases and bone fragility. Osteoporos Int. 2017;28:3301\u201314.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"8245_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22496","volume":"56","author":"E Jimenez-Boj","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jimenez-Boj E, N\u00f6bauer-Huhmann I, Hanslik-Schnabel B, et al. Bone erosions and bone marrow edema as defined by magnetic resonance imaging reflect true bone marrow inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthr Rhuem. 2007;56(4):1118\u201324.","journal-title":"Arthr Rhuem"},{"key":"8245_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.5624\/isd.20230189","volume":"54","author":"S Choi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Choi S, Kim MJ, Kang SH, Park IW. Pediatric mandibular chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis: A case report with 12 years of radiologic follow-up. Imaging Sci Dentistry. 2024;54:93\u2013104.","journal-title":"Imaging Sci Dentistry"},{"key":"8245_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-011-0840-0","volume":"122","author":"R Reynolds","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reynolds R, Roncaroli F, Nicholas R, Radotra B, Gveric D, Howell O. The neuropathological basis of clinical progression in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol. 2011;122:155\u201370.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"8245_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1358599","volume":"44","author":"M Tardieu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tardieu M, Deiva K. Rare inflammatory diseases of the white matter and mimics of multiple sclerosis and related disorders. Neuropediatrics. 2013;44(6):302\u20138.","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08245-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08245-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08245-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T14:46:10Z","timestamp":1776350770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08245-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8245"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08245-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This retrospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (IRB No. ERI24016). The requirement for written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board of Seoul National University Dental Hospital because of the retrospective design of the study and the use of anonymized data.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable. (The manuscript does not contain any individual person\u2019s identifiable data in any form.)","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"686"}}