{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T23:59:58Z","timestamp":1781135998393,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":52,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-026-08374-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T17:27:05Z","timestamp":1776706025000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Perceived preparedness and educational gaps in post-exposure prophylaxis among dental students in Saudi Arabia: a nationwide survey"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6029-0439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bassel","family":"Tarakji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5158-7222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anas","family":"Alsalhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6888-0639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faisal Mehsen","family":"Alali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulrahman Farhan","family":"Almukhalfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hamad","family":"Alkanhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghadah Saad","family":"Alazmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afra Hamoud","family":"Alshammari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sultan Abdulaziz","family":"Altowairqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anwar Abdalrhman","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar Hassan M","family":"Alyzid Asiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0474-7067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah Saad","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Alshehri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8535-5876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah","family":"Bin Nabhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faisal S.","family":"Alhedyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid Ayidh","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed A S","family":"Abuelqomsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8847-6817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Sadeg A.","family":"Al-Awar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0927-895X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Zakaria","family":"Nassani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"8374_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.010","volume":"74","author":"SH Al-Amad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-Amad SH. Bloodborne infections relevant to dental practice. Int Dent J. 2024;74:S429\u201336.","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"issue":"1","key":"8374_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-009-0452-3","volume":"83","author":"S Wicker","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wicker S, Rabenau HF. Occupational exposures to bloodborne viruses among German dental professionals and students in a clinical setting. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2010;83(1):77\u201383.","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"8374_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2016.03.020","volume":"147","author":"JL Cleveland","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cleveland JL, Gray SK, Harte JA, Robison VA, Moorman AC, Gooch BF. Transmission of blood-borne pathogens in US dental health care settings: 2016 update. J Am Dent Association. 2016;147(9):729\u201338.","journal-title":"J Am Dent Association"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"8374_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S161","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ068","volume":"60","author":"N Ford","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ford N, Mayer KH. World Health Organization Guidelines on Postexposure Prophylaxis for HIV: Recommendations for a Public Health Approach. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;60(Suppl 3):S161\u2013164.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"8374_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1086\/672271","volume":"34","author":"DT Kuhar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kuhar DT, Henderson DK, Struble KA, Heneine W, Thomas V, Cheever LW, Gomaa A, Panlilio AL, Group UPHSW. Updated US Public Health Service guidelines for the management of occupational exposures to human immunodeficiency virus and recommendations for postexposure prophylaxis. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2013;34(9):875\u201392.","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"#cr-split#-8374_CR6.1","unstructured":"Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 29 CFR 1910.1030: Occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens"},{"key":"#cr-split#-8374_CR6.2","unstructured":"final rule. Fed Regist. 1991;56(235):64004-182. https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/laws-regs\/federalregister\/1991-12-06."},{"issue":"4","key":"8374_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.4103\/2141-9248.139308","volume":"4","author":"V Kasat","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kasat V, Saluja H, Ladda R, Sachdeva S, Somasundaram K, Gupta A. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices toward Post Exposure Prophylaxis for Human Immunodeficiency Virus among Dental Students in India. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2014;4(4):543\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Med Health Sci Res"},{"key":"8374_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tebeje B, Hailu C. Assessment of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis use among health workers of governmental health institutions in Jimma Zone, Oromiya Region, Southwest Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2010;20(1):55\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/ejhs.v20i1.69429.","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v20i1.69429"},{"issue":"6","key":"8374_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2004.11.011","volume":"34","author":"A Tarantola","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tarantola A, Abiteboul D, Rachline A. Infection risks following accidental exposure to blood or body fluids in health care workers: a review of pathogens transmitted in published cases. Am J Infect Control. 2006;34(6):367\u201375.","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"4","key":"8374_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0124416","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124416","volume":"10","author":"LN Aminde","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aminde LN, Takah NF, Dzudie A, Bonko NM, Awungafac G, Teno D, Mbuagbaw L, Sliwa K. Occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in a health district in Cameroon: Assessment of the knowledge and practices of nurses. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(4):e0124416.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"8374_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-016-1880-2","volume":"9","author":"OO Aluko","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aluko OO, Adebayo AE, Adebisi TF, Ewegbemi MK, Abidoye AT, Popoola BF. Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of occupational hazards and safety practices in Nigerian healthcare workers. BMC Res Notes. 2016;9:1\u201314.","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"issue":"1","key":"8374_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-025-07271-y","volume":"25","author":"M Zarabadipour","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zarabadipour M, Gholizadeh N, Mirzadeh M, Khorasani E. Impact of educational intervention on dental students\u2019 competence in managing injuries caused by sharp objects: a quasi-experimental study. BMC Med Educ. 2025;25(1):657.","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"key":"8374_CR13","first-page":"e34","volume-title":"In","author":"G Eysenbach","year":"2004","unstructured":"Eysenbach G. Improving the quality of Web surveys: the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES). In. Volume 6. Toronto, Canada: Gunther Eysenbach Centre for Global eHealth Innovation; 2004. p. e34."},{"key":"8374_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2468-9","volume":"15","author":"LN Aminde","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aminde LN, Takah NF, Noubiap JJN, Tindong M, Ngwasiri C, Jingi AM, Kengne AP, Dzudie A. Awareness and low uptake of post exposure prophylaxis for HIV among clinical medical students in a high endemicity setting. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:1\u20139.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"8374_CR15","unstructured":"Bloom BS, Engelhart MD, Furst EJ, Hill WH, Krathwohl DR. Taxonomy of educational objectives: the classification of educational goals. Handbook I: cognitive domain. New York: David McKay; 1956. https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/title\/86054529."},{"key":"8374_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sullivan GM. A primer on the validity of assessment instruments. J Grad Med Educ. 2011;3(2):119\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4300\/JGME-D-11-00075.1.","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-11-00075.1"},{"issue":"6","key":"8374_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e957","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.15.e957","volume":"15","author":"M Jain","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jain M, Sawla L, Mathur A, Nihlani T, Ayair U, Prabu D, Kulkarni S. Knowledge, attitude and practice towards droplet and airborne isolation precautions amongs dental health care professionals in India. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2010;15(6):e957\u2013961.","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"},{"issue":"1","key":"8374_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-4611-2","volume":"19","author":"B Anteneh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Anteneh B, Belachew SA, Endeshaw A, Wubneh ZB, Sarkar BR. Knowledge, attitude and practices of medical and health science students on the antiretroviral based HIV post-exposure prophylaxis in an Ethiopian hospital: an institutional based cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2019;19(1):713.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"8374_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-02890-7","volume":"23","author":"H Saleem","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saleem H, Waly N, Abdelgawad F. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of post exposure prophylaxis for fifth year dental students at a private Egyptian university: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23(1):167.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"8374_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117863292513166","DOI":"10.1177\/11786329251316668","volume":"18","author":"M Ahmadi Marzaleh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ahmadi Marzaleh M, Bastani P, Raeyat Mohtashami A, Farhadi P, Ghanbari S, Ravangard R. Predicting Factors Affecting the Behavior of Healthcare Employees in the Use of Personal Protective Equipment During Epidemics Based on Godin et al\u2019s Model: A Study in Iran. Health Serv Insights. 2025;18:11786329251316668.","journal-title":"Health Serv Insights"},{"issue":"1","key":"8374_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.4103\/jispcd.JISPCD_282_17","volume":"8","author":"A Hbibi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hbibi A, Kasouati J, Charof R, Chaouir S, El Harti K. Evaluation of the knowledge and attitudes of dental students toward occupational blood exposure accidents at the end of the dental training program. J Int Soc Prev Community Dentistry. 2018;8(1):77\u201386.","journal-title":"J Int Soc Prev Community Dentistry"},{"key":"8374_CR22","first-page":"31","volume":"43","author":"B Atiba","year":"2014","unstructured":"Atiba B, Ajao K, Babalola R, Awosusi A, Ayeni O, Ijadunola K. Hepatitis B Virus infection and its modes of prevention among clinical students of Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Afr J Med Med Sci. 2014;43:31\u20137.","journal-title":"Afr J Med Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"8374_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2013.38","volume":"28","author":"S Mukherjee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mukherjee S, Bhattacharyya A, SharmaSarkar B, Goswami DN, Ghosh S, Samanta A. Knowledge and practice of standard precautions and awareness regarding post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV among interns of a medical college in West Bengal, India. Oman Med J. 2013;28(2):141.","journal-title":"Oman Med J"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08374-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08374-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08374-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T23:39:16Z","timestamp":1781134756000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08374-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8374"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08374-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was obtained from the Health Sector Ethical Review Committee of the Ethical Review Board at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (SCBR-368\/2024). All participants were informed about the study\u2019s purpose, procedures, and they were assured of the confidentiality of their information. All participants were declared as participants in the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1010"}}