{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:25:28Z","timestamp":1792805128540,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":55,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-026-08395-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:14:27Z","timestamp":1777371267000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Plaque removal efficacy of manual versus powered toothbrushes in patients with clear aligners: a single-brushing randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5123-8276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K\u00fcbra","family":"Arslan \u00c7arpar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0963-5498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tu\u011fba","family":"Y\u0131lmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"8395_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-6-S1-S14","volume":"6","author":"PD Marsh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Marsh PD. Dental plaque as a biofilm and a microbial community\u2013implications for health and disease. BMC Oral Health. 2006;6(Suppl 1):S14.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"8395_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2008.0184","volume":"139","author":"A-M Bollen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bollen A-M, Cunha-Cruz J, Bakko DW, Huang GJ, Hujoel PP. The effects of orthodontic therapy on periodontal health: a systematic review of controlled evidence. J Am Dent Association. 2008;139(4):413\u201322.","journal-title":"J Am Dent Association"},{"issue":"2","key":"8395_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.2319\/051710-262.1","volume":"81","author":"E Tufekci","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tufekci E, Dixon JS, Gunsolley J, Lindauer SJ. Prevalence of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Angle Orthod. 2011;81(2):206\u201310.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"8395_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2023.03.012","volume":"73","author":"M Rouzi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rouzi M, Zhang X, Jiang Q, Long H, Lai W, Li X. Impact of clear aligners on oral health and oral microbiome during orthodontic treatment. Int Dent J. 2023;73(5):603\u201311.","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"issue":"4","key":"8395_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e330","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.25760","volume":"28","author":"M Crego-Ruiz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Crego-Ruiz M, Jorba-Garc\u00eda A. Assessment of the periodontal health status and gingival recession during orthodontic treatment with clear aligners and fixed appliances: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Med Oral Patologia Oral Y Cir Bucal. 2023;28(4):e330.","journal-title":"Med Oral Patologia Oral Y Cir Bucal"},{"key":"8395_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Spirito F, D\u2019Ambrosio F, Cannat\u00e0 D, D\u2019Ant\u00f2 V, Giordano F, Martina S. Impact of clear aligners versus fixed appliances on periodontal status of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment: a systematic review of systematic reviews. In: Healthcare: 2023: MDPI; 2023: 1340.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11091340"},{"issue":"5","key":"8395_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cju083","volume":"37","author":"G Rossini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rossini G, Parrini S, Castroflorio T, Deregibus A, Debernardi CL. Periodontal health during clear aligners treatment: a systematic review. Eur J Orthod. 2014;37(5):539\u201343.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"8395_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjq126","volume":"33","author":"B Low","year":"2011","unstructured":"Low B, Lee W, Seneviratne C, Samaranayake LP, H\u00e4gg U. Ultrastructure and morphology of biofilms on thermoplastic orthodontic appliances in \u2018fast\u2019and \u2018slow\u2019plaque formers. Eur J Orthod. 2011;33(5):577\u201383.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"8395_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod24.085","volume":"54","author":"T Eliades","year":"2024","unstructured":"Eliades T, Eliades G. Intraoral ageing of aligners and attachments: Adverse effects on clinical efficiency and release of biologically-active compounds. Korean J Orthod. 2024;54(4):199\u2013209.","journal-title":"Korean J Orthod"},{"key":"8395_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S77","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12359","volume":"42","author":"FA Van der Weijden","year":"2015","unstructured":"Van der Weijden FA, Slot DE. Efficacy of homecare regimens for mechanical plaque removal in managing gingivitis a meta review. J Clin Periodontol. 2015;42:S77\u201391.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"8395_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yaacob M, Worthington HV, Deacon SA, Deery C, Walmsley AD, Robinson PG, Glenny AM. Powered versus manual toothbrushing for oral health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;6:CD002281.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002281.pub3"},{"issue":"1","key":"8395_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.12563","volume":"20","author":"TM Thomassen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Thomassen TM, Van der Weijden FG, Slot DE. The efficacy of powered toothbrushes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Int J Dental Hygiene. 2022;20(1):3\u201317.","journal-title":"Int J Dental Hygiene"},{"issue":"1","key":"8395_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2023.06.009","volume":"74","author":"Y Zou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zou Y, Grender J, Adam R, Levin L. A meta-analysis comparing toothbrush technologies on gingivitis and plaque. Int Dent J. 2024;74(1):146\u201356.","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"issue":"5","key":"8395_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2020.04.018","volume":"158","author":"M ElShehaby","year":"2020","unstructured":"ElShehaby M, Mofti B, Montasser MA, Bearn D. Powered vs manual tooth brushing in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2020;158(5):639\u201349.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"8395_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3390\/dj11020046","volume":"11","author":"A Graves","year":"2023","unstructured":"Graves A, Grahl T, Keiserman M, Kingsley K. Systematic review and meta analysis of the relative effect on plaque index among pediatric patients using powered (electric) versus manual toothbrushes. Dentistry J. 2023;11(2):46.","journal-title":"Dentistry J"},{"issue":"1","key":"8395_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03257-8","volume":"23","author":"S Raghavan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Raghavan S, Abu Alhaija ES, Duggal MS, Narasimhan S, Al-Maweri SA. White spot lesions, plaque accumulation and salivary caries-associated bacteria in clear aligners compared to fixed orthodontic treatment. A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23(1):599.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"8395_CR17","first-page":"42","volume":"27","author":"U Ok","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ok U, Sadry S. Sabit Ortodontik Tedavi G\u00f6ren Hastalarda Plak Temizleme Etkinli\u011finin De\u011ferlendirilmesi. Turkiye Klinikleri Dishekimligi Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021;27(1):42\u20138.","journal-title":"Turkiye Klinikleri Dishekimligi Bilimleri Dergisi"},{"issue":"4","key":"8395_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.2319\/050111-312.1","volume":"82","author":"SA Al-Anezi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Al-Anezi SA, Harradine NW. Quantifying plaque during orthodontic treatment: a systematic review. Angle Orthod. 2012;82(4):748\u201353.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"8395_CR19","unstructured":"Nammi K, Starke EM, Ou S-S, Ward M, Jenkins W, Milleman JL, Milleman K. The effects of use of a powered and a manual home oral hygiene regimen on plaque and gum health in an orthodontic population. J Clin Dent 2019, 30(Spec No A):A1\u2013A8\u2013A1\u2013A8."},{"issue":"6","key":"8395_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1967.38.6.610","volume":"38","author":"H L\u00f6e","year":"1967","unstructured":"L\u00f6e H. The gingival index, the plaque index and the retention index systems. J Periodontology. 1967;38(6):610\u20136.","journal-title":"J Periodontology"},{"issue":"5","key":"8395_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2007.01.008","volume":"7","author":"AG Copay","year":"2007","unstructured":"Copay AG, Subach BR, Glassman SD, Polly DW Jr, Schuler TC. Understanding the minimum clinically important difference: a review of concepts and methods. Spine J. 2007;7(5):541\u20136.","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"8395_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.01.018","volume":"130","author":"Z Rafe","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rafe Z, Vardimon A, Ashkenazi M. Comparative study of 3 types of toothbrushes in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2006;130(1):92\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"8395_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.5051\/jpis.2018.48.1.22","volume":"48","author":"S-H Park","year":"2018","unstructured":"Park S-H, Cho S-H, Han J-Y. Effective professional intraoral tooth brushing instruction using the modified plaque score: a randomized clinical trial. J periodontal implant Sci. 2018;48(1):22.","journal-title":"J periodontal implant Sci"},{"key":"8395_CR24","first-page":"1","volume":"2012","author":"G Van der Weijden","year":"2012","unstructured":"Van der Weijden G, Slot D. Interdental oral hygiene: The evidence. Multi-Disciplinary Manage Periodontal Disease. 2012;2012:1\u201318.","journal-title":"Multi-Disciplinary Manage Periodontal Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"8395_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5921","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-56017-1","volume":"14","author":"RL Rominger","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rominger RL, Patcas R, Hamza B, Sch\u00e4tzle M, Wegehaupt FJ, Hersberger-Zurfluh MA. Cleaning performance of electric toothbrushes around brackets applying different brushing forces: an in-vitro study. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):5921.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"8395_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/23.5.475","volume":"23","author":"W Sukontapatipark","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sukontapatipark W, El-Agroudi MA, Selliseth NJ, Thunold K, Selvig KA. Bacterial colonization associated with fixed orthodontic appliances. A scanning electron microscopy study. Eur J Orthod. 2001;23(5):475\u201384.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"03","key":"8395_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.4103\/1305-7456.163218","volume":"9","author":"L Levrini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Levrini L, Mangano A, Montanari P, Margherini S, Caprioglio A, Abbate GM. Periodontal health status in patients treated with the Invisalign\u00ae system and fixed orthodontic appliances: A 3 months clinical and microbiological evaluation. Eur J dentistry. 2015;9(03):404\u201310.","journal-title":"Eur J dentistry"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08395-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08395-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08395-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T01:59:28Z","timestamp":1782093568000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08395-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8395"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08395-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the Mersin University Clinical Research Ethics Committee (13.11.2024; approval no. 2024\/1110) and was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent forms were obtained from all participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1100"}}