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Following the 2023 earthquakes in Hatay, T\u00fcrkiye, medical facilities were severely disrupted, creating a post-disaster clinical setting. This cross-sectional, isolate-based study descriptively evaluated antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and selected virulence-associated genes among\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates recovered from radicular cyst infections in this setting.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 225 clinical\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates were recovered from surgically excised radicular cysts. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion according to CLSI guidelines. Eleven selected targets, including\n                      <jats:italic>mecA<\/jats:italic>\n                      and virulence-associated genes (\n                      <jats:italic>hla, hlb, pvl, fnbA, fnbB, clfA, cna, ebpS, bbp<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), together with 16S rRNA for species confirmation, were detected by PCR. Pairwise and higher-level co-occurrence analyses were used to describe gene co-detection patterns. Associations between resistance categories and gene positivity were evaluated using Fisher\u2019s exact test or chi-square test, as appropriate.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Resistance to one, two, and three or more antimicrobial classes was observed in 45.3%, 32.9%, and 21.8% of isolates, respectively.\n                      <jats:italic>MecA<\/jats:italic>\n                      positivity was more frequent in isolates with higher resistance categories, increasing from 4.9% in single-class-resistant isolates to 30.6% in multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Among the selected virulence-associated genes,\n                      <jats:italic>fnbA<\/jats:italic>\n                      (58.7%),\n                      <jats:italic>hla<\/jats:italic>\n                      (52.9%), and\n                      <jats:italic>cna<\/jats:italic>\n                      (45.8%) were most frequently detected. MDR isolates showed higher detection frequencies of\n                      <jats:italic>hla<\/jats:italic>\n                      (85.7%),\n                      <jats:italic>fnbA<\/jats:italic>\n                      (81.6%), and\n                      <jats:italic>cna<\/jats:italic>\n                      (73.5%) than lower resistance categories. Although\n                      <jats:italic>pvl<\/jats:italic>\n                      was detected in only 8.0% of isolates overall, it was more frequently detected among MDR isolates. Co-occurrence analysis identified recurrent gene co-detection patterns involving adhesion- and hemolysin-associated genes, most commonly\n                      <jats:italic>fnbA-cna, hla-fnbA<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>hla-cna<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Higher-order gene combinations (\u2265\u20094 genes) were uncommon and reflected isolates that simultaneously carried multiple virulence-associated genes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this isolated collection, multidrug resistance was associated with more frequent detection of selected virulence-associated genes in cyst-derived\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates. The results may be relevant for the combined use of phenotypic susceptibility testing and molecular detection of major resistance markers, particularly\n                      <jats:italic>mecA<\/jats:italic>\n                      , in laboratory characterization of isolates. Because the study lacked a pre-disaster comparator and external control group, the recorded patterns cannot be attributed to the disaster context; rather, they provide descriptive baseline data from a post-disaster clinical setting.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-026-08449-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T07:53:26Z","timestamp":1778658806000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Co-detection of antimicrobial resistance and virulence-associated determinants in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from radicular cysts in a post-disaster region of T\u00fcrkiye"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ahmet","family":"CanHaskan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2766-3491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nizami","family":"Duran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elif Yaprak","family":"Colak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fariz","family":"Selimli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibel","family":"Dagli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"8449_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13100677","volume":"13","author":"N Ahmad-Mansour","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ahmad-Mansour N, Loubet P, Pouget C, Dunyach-Remy C, Sotto A, Lavigne JP, et al. 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