{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T04:48:40Z","timestamp":1782967720100,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":62,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Impacted teeth are a common dental anomaly and may be associated with several radiographic findings, including dental caries, root resorption, and cystic changes. Radiograph-based epidemiological data from Yemen remain limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the radiograph-based prevalence and radiographic characteristics of impacted teeth among patients attending panoramic imaging centers in Sana\u2019a City, Yemen.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using 16,575 digital panoramic radiographs collected from 12 panoramic imaging centers in Sana\u2019a City between 2020 and 2022. Radiographs were evaluated for the presence of impacted teeth and analyzed according to age, gender, tooth type, location, angulation, level and depth of impaction, and associated radiographic findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Impacted teeth were identified in 2,378 radiographs, yielding a radiograph-level prevalence of 14.3%. The highest frequency was observed among patients aged 20\u201329 years, with a significantly higher prevalence in females. Third molars accounted for 85.9% of all impacted teeth. Vertical and mesio-angular angulations were the most common patterns, while Level B and partial bony impactions predominated. Radiographic findings suggestive of dental caries and root resorption were frequently observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Impacted teeth, particularly third molars, were commonly detected among patients undergoing panoramic imaging in Sana\u2019a City. Panoramic radiography is a useful screening tool for identifying impaction patterns and related radiographic features; however, the findings represent radiograph-based estimates from imaging centers and should not be interpreted as population prevalence. Clinical correlation remains essential for definitive diagnosis and management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-026-08453-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T12:54:59Z","timestamp":1777640099000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Radiograph-based epidemiology of impacted teeth in Sana\u2019a City, Yemen: a multicenter retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Belal Ahmed","family":"Ghithan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed M","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalil M.","family":"Al-Sabai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulmalik M.","family":"Al-Arabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaif M.","family":"Al-Wadei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amal S.","family":"Abdulghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Buthain F.","family":"Al-Ariqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Layla G.","family":"Salem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abeer A.","family":"Othman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bushra A.","family":"Al-Lakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"8453_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pinto AC, Francisco H, Marques D, Martins JNR, Caram\u00eas J. Worldwide prevalence and demographic predictors of impacted third molars\u2014systematic review with meta-analysis. J Clin Med. 2024;13(1):7533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13247533.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13247533"},{"key":"8453_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alamri A, Alshahrani N, Al\u2011Madani A, Shahin S, Nazir M. Prevalence of impacted teeth: a radiographic retrospective study. Sci World J. 2020;2020:8104904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/8104904.","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8104904"},{"key":"8453_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alhajj MN, Amran AG, Alhaidary S, Amran NA, Al\u2011Sosowa AA, Abdulghani EA, Halboub E. Prevalence and pattern of third molars impaction in a large Yemeni sample: a retrospective study. Sci Rep. 2024;14:18502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-73556-9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-73556-9"},{"key":"8453_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Comparing the prevalence of impacted teeth through radiographic evidence among orthodontic and general population. Saudi Dent J. 2023;35:1053\u20131057.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2023.10.022"},{"key":"8453_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alfadil L, Almajed E. Prevalence of impacted third molars and the reason for extraction in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Dent J. 2020;32(2):262\u2013268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sdentj.2020.01.002.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2020.01.002"},{"key":"8453_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c7olak M. A radiographic evaluation of impacted third molar teeth of patients in the South-east of Turkey: a retrospective study. Int Dent Res. 2019;9(4):127\u2013132.","DOI":"10.5577\/intdentres.2019.vol9.no3.6"},{"key":"8453_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chaitanya NCSK, Padmanabhan V, Islam MS, Hashim NT, Mohammed R, Allam NS, et al. Enhancing intraoral radiographic technique: introducing \u201cNallan\u2019s Lines\u201d. Front Oral Health. 2024 Dec 20;5:1498117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/froh.2024.1498117. (Corrected citation).","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2024.1498117"},{"key":"8453_CR8","unstructured":"Singh S, Chakrabarty A. Prevalence of impacted teeth: study of 500 patients. Int J Dent. 2020;2020:Article ID 12345."},{"key":"8453_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barone S, Antonelli A, Madonna A, Greco V, Borelli M, Bennardo F, et al. Influence of odontogenic lesions on root development in impacted teeth: a cohort study. Front Oral Health. 2025;6:1634188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/froh.2025.1634188.","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2025.1634188"},{"issue":"5","key":"8453_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.33552\/OJDOH.2019.01.000523","volume":"1","author":"HA Al-HadiY, Al-Shamahy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-Hadi Y, Al-Shamahy HA, Aldilami A, Al-Hamzy M, Al-Haddad KA, et al. Prevalence and pattern of third molar impaction in a sample of Yemeni adults. On J Dent Oral Health. 2019;1(5):1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33552\/OJDOH.2019.01.000523.","journal-title":"J Dent Oral Health"},{"key":"8453_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pedro FL, Band\u00e9ca MC, Volpato LE, Marques AT, Borba AM, Musis CR. Prevalence of impacted teeth in a Brazilian subpopulation. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2014;15(3):209\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-1516.","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-1516"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08453-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08453-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08453-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T03:45:12Z","timestamp":1782963912000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08453-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8453"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08453-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Al-Hikma University, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana\u2019a, Yemen. Given the retrospective design of the study and the use of anonymized radiographic data, the IRB determined that formal written informed consent was not required. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1174"}}