{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T03:50:03Z","timestamp":1782100203890,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":55,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation","award":["2025JJA140435"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JJA140435"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82160188"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82160188"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-026-08459-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:43:45Z","timestamp":1777380225000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Root canal and nasopalatine canal morphology in a Guangxi population: a cone-beam CT study on regional variations"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Xinxin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaming","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianfang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"8459_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13486","volume":"54","author":"HMA Ahmed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ahmed HMA, Ibrahim N, Mohamad NS, Nambiar P, Muhammad RF, Yusoff M, Dummer PMH. Application of a new system for classifying root and canal anatomy in studies involving micro-computed tomography and cone beam computed tomography: Explanation and elaboration. Int Endod J. 2021;54(7):1056\u201382.","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"issue":"7","key":"8459_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2023.07.005","volume":"35","author":"SH Kolarkodi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kolarkodi SH. The importance of cone-beam computed tomography in endodontic therapy: A review. Saudi Dent J. 2023;35(7):780\u20134.","journal-title":"Saudi Dent J"},{"issue":"2","key":"8459_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.05.014","volume":"75","author":"K Kaur","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kaur K, Saini RS, Vaddamanu SK, Bavabeedu SS, Gurumurthy V, Sainudeen S, et al. Exploring Technological Progress in Three-Dimensional Imaging for Root Canal Treatments: A Systematic Review. Int Dent J. 2025;75(2):1097\u2013112.","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"issue":"2","key":"8459_CR4","first-page":"85","volume":"19","author":"S A","year":"2024","unstructured":"A. S. Artificial Intelligence in Endodontics: A Scoping Review. Iran Endod J. 2024;19(2):85\u201398.","journal-title":"Iran Endod J"},{"issue":"9","key":"8459_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11092287","volume":"11","author":"MI Karobari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Karobari MI, Arshad S, Noorani TY, Ahmed N, Basheer SN, Peeran SW, et al. Root and Root Canal Configuration Characterization Using Microcomputed Tomography: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med. 2022;11(9):2287.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"8459_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.4103\/jcd.jcd_606_21","volume":"25","author":"P Nambiar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nambiar P, Pang K, Raja K. A comparative study on mandibular premolar root canal morphology employing cone-beam computed tomography and microcomputed tomography imaging. J Conservative Dentistry. 2022;25(2):173\u20138.","journal-title":"J Conservative Dentistry"},{"issue":"5","key":"8459_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20200503","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20200503","volume":"50","author":"CT Rodrigues","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rodrigues CT, Jacobs R, Vasconcelos KF, Lambrechts P, Rubira-Bullen IRF, Ga\u00eata-Araujo H, et al. Influence of CBCT-based volumetric distortion and beam hardening artefacts on the assessment of root canal filling quality in isthmus-containing molars. Dentomaxillofacial Radiol. 2021;50(5):20200503.","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofacial Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8459_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2010.00563.x","volume":"39","author":"MZ Nassani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nassani MZ, Kay EJ. Tooth loss - an assessment of dental health state utility values. Commun Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2011;39(1):53\u201360.","journal-title":"Commun Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"8459_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2011.01896.x","volume":"44","author":"Q Zheng","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zheng Q, Zhang L, Zhou X, Wang Q, Wang Y, Tang L, et al. C-shaped root canal system in mandibular second molars in a Chinese population evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography. Int Endod J. 2011;44(9):857\u201362.","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"issue":"4","key":"8459_CR10","first-page":"e81784","volume":"17","author":"VR Vasileva","year":"2025","unstructured":"Vasileva VR, Borisova-Papancheva T, Zaneva-Hristova D, Georgieva S, Miteva A-M. C-shaped Canal in Second Mandibular Molar: A Case Report. Cureus. 2025;17(4):e81784.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"5","key":"8459_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(84)90085-9","volume":"58","author":"FJ V","year":"1984","unstructured":"FJ V. Root canal anatomy of the human permanent teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1984;58(5):589\u201399.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8459_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13248","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-97392-7","volume":"15","author":"KR Beshtawi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Beshtawi KR. Morphology and dimensions of the nasopalatine canal in Palestinian patients assessed using cone beam computed tomography. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):13248.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"8459_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16875","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-68014-5","volume":"14","author":"M Jang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jang M, Yu S-K, Lim S-H, Jih M-K, Jeong S. Radiologic study of the distance between the maxillary central incisor root and the incisive canal according to skeletal malocclusion classification. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):16875.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"8459_CR14","first-page":"153","volume":"78","author":"I Bah\u015fi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bah\u015fi I, Orhan M, Kervanc\u0131o\u011flu P, Yal\u00e7\u0131n ED, Aktan AM. Anatomical evaluation of nasopalatine canal on cone-beam computed tomography images. Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2019;78(1):153\u201362.","journal-title":"Folia Morphol (Warsz)"},{"issue":"3","key":"8459_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2025.100993","volume":"23","author":"RK Al-Rokhami","year":"2025","unstructured":"Al-Rokhami RK, Gu H, Dang X, Li Z, Elayah SA, Zhao X, Sakran KA. 3D analysis of morphological changes, maxillary central incisor\u2013incisive canal relationship, and root resorption in subjects with maxillary incisors protrusion who underwent non-extraction fixed appliance therapy considering demographic and skeletal factors: A retrospective study. Int Orthod. 2025;23(3):100993.","journal-title":"Int Orthod"},{"issue":"1","key":"8459_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-025-02299-4","volume":"23","author":"W Wan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wan W, Huang H, Hu C, Zhang X, Zhou Q, Yang M, et al. Ancient genomes in Southwest China revealed genetic interactions among diverse populations in the historical period. BMC Biol. 2025;23(1):174.","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8459_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2025.02.025","volume":"135","author":"E Couso-Queiruga","year":"2026","unstructured":"Couso-Queiruga E, Pedrinaci I, Avila-Ortiz G, Chappuis V, Barboza EP, Petersen RL, et al. Characterization of the anterior maxillary region for immediate implant placement: A radiographic cross-sectional study. J Prosthet Dent. 2026;135(1):78\u201385.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"8459_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03107-7","volume":"23","author":"E Erkan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Erkan E, Olcay K, Ey\u00fcbo\u011flu TF, \u015eener E, G\u00fcndo\u011far M. Assessment of the canal anatomy of the premolar teeth in a selected Turkish population: a cone-beam computed tomography study. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23(1):403.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"8459_CR19","first-page":"32","volume":"72","author":"A Evan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Evan A, Lynn DDS, State Dent. J. 2006;72(6):32\u20134.","journal-title":"J"},{"issue":"8","key":"8459_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(06)81990-4","volume":"17","author":"C Darlene","year":"1991","unstructured":"Darlene C, Melton D, Keith V, Krell DDS, MA MS, Fuller MW. DDS, MS. Anatomical and Histological Features of C-Shaped Canals in Mandibular Second Molars. J Endod. 1991;17(8):384\u20138.","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"issue":"1","key":"8459_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23863","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-03329-1","volume":"11","author":"S Khawaja","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khawaja S, Alharbi N, Chaudhry J, Khamis AH, Abed RE, Ghoneima A, Jamal M. The C-shaped root canal systems in mandibular second molars in an Emirati population. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):23863.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"8459_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000005805","volume":"31","author":"ZH Al-Ghurabi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-Ghurabi ZH, Al-Bahrani ZM. Radiographic Assessment of Nasopalatine Canal Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. J Craniofac Surg. 2020;31(1):e4\u20136.","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"8459_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2020.12.018","volume":"47","author":"I Noguchi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Noguchi I, Suzuki K, Yoshida T, Yamamoto Y, Ono M, Yamazaki Y, et al. Development of Innovative Contra-angle Handpiece Device with Piston Movement for Root Canal Preparation. J Endod. 2021;47(4):641\u20137.","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"issue":"S3","key":"8459_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13685","volume":"55","author":"A Chaniotis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chaniotis A, Ordinola-Zapata R. Present status and future directions: Management of curved and calcified root canals. Int Endod J. 2022;55(S3):656\u201384.","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"issue":"12","key":"8459_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2021.08.012","volume":"47","author":"T Harada","year":"2021","unstructured":"Harada T, Harada K, Nozoe A, Tanaka S, Kogo M. A Novel Surgical Approach for the Successful Removal of Overextruded Separated Endodontic Instruments. J Endod. 2021;47(12):1942\u20136.","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"issue":"1","key":"8459_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15006","DOI":"10.1038\/bdjopen.2015.6","volume":"2","author":"B Celikten","year":"2016","unstructured":"Celikten B, Orhan K, Aksoy U, Tufenkci P, Kalender A, Basmaci F, Dabaj P. Cone-beam CT evaluation of root canal morphology of maxillary and mandibular premolars in a Turkish Cypriot population. BDJ Open. 2016;2(1):15006.","journal-title":"BDJ Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"8459_CR27","first-page":"e45888","volume":"15","author":"MA Mirah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mirah MA, Bafail A, Baik A, Abu zaid B, Hakeem M, Ghabbani H. Root Canal Morphology of Premolars in Saudis. Cureus. 2023;15(9):e45888.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"8459_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4392","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-86277-4","volume":"15","author":"M Mustafa","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mustafa M, Karobari MI, Al-Maqtari AAA, Abdulwahed A, Almokhatieb AA, Almufleh LS, et al. Investigating root and canal morphology of anterior and premolar teeth using CBCT with a novel coding classification system in Saudi subpopulation. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):4392.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"8459_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.03.020","volume":"33","author":"B Cleghorn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cleghorn B, Christie W, Dong C. The Root and Root Canal Morphology of the Human Mandibular Second Premolar: A Literature Review. J Endod. 2007;33(9):1031\u20137.","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"8459_CR30","unstructured":"R\u00f3\u017cy\u0142o1 TK. MM, I. R\u00f3\u017cy\u0142o-Kalinowska1, F. Burdan2. Morphology of root canals in adult premolar teeth. Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2008;67(4):280-5."},{"issue":"1","key":"8459_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19290","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-02669-6","volume":"15","author":"F Pertek Hatipo\u011flu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pertek Hatipo\u011flu F, Magat G, Karobari MI, Madarati AA, Tulegenova I, Hatipo\u011flu \u00d6, et al. Root and canal configurations of maxillary first premolars in 22 countries using two classification systems: a multinational cross-sectional study. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):19290.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"8459_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2014.898091","volume":"72","author":"E Ok","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ok E, Altunsoy M, Nur BG, Aglarci OS, \u00c7olak M, G\u00fcng\u00f6r E. A cone-beam computed tomography study of root canal morphology of maxillary and mandibular premolars in a Turkish population. Acta Odontol Scand. 2014;72(8):701\u20136.","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"issue":"4","key":"8459_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-0707.136437","volume":"17","author":"M Fernandes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fernandes M, de Ataide I, Wagle R. C-shaped root canal configuration: A review of literature. J Conservative Dentistry. 2014;17(4):312\u20139.","journal-title":"J Conservative Dentistry"},{"issue":"11","key":"8459_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12256","volume":"47","author":"A Kato","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kato A, Ziegler A, Higuchi N, Nakata K, Nakamura H, Ohno N. Aetiology, incidence and morphology of the C-shaped root canal system and its impact on clinical endodontics. Int Endod J. 2014;47(11):1012\u201333.","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"issue":"2","key":"8459_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1111\/aej.12509","volume":"47","author":"G Martin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martin G, Arce Briss\u00f3n G, Chen B, Noem\u00ed de Caso C, Boetto AC, Jacobo MI, et al. Root dentine thickness in C-shaped lower second molars after instrumentation: A CBCT and micro\u2010CT study. Australian Endodontic J. 2021;47(2):122\u20139.","journal-title":"Australian Endodontic J"},{"issue":"1","key":"8459_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-06946-8","volume":"25","author":"F Yousefi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yousefi F, Mohammadi Y, Shokri E. Prevalence of c-shaped canal morphology in premolar and molar teeth assessed by cone-beam computed tomography: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health. 2025;25(1):1657.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"S1","key":"8459_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S65","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12925","volume":"67","author":"T Fenelon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fenelon T, Parashos P. Prevalence and morphology of C-shaped and non\u2010C\u2010shaped root canal systems in mandibular second molars. Aust Dent J. 2022;67(S1):S65\u201375.","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"issue":"9","key":"8459_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2017.04.016","volume":"43","author":"M von Zuben","year":"2017","unstructured":"von Zuben M, Martins JNR, Berti L, Cassim I, Flynn D, Gonzalez JA, et al. Worldwide Prevalence of Mandibular Second Molar C-Shaped Morphologies Evaluated by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography. J Endod. 2017;43(9):1442\u20137.","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"issue":"S1","key":"8459_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/aej.12692","volume":"49","author":"Q Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo Q, Wang Q, Yang Y, Guo D. Root and root canal morphology of mandibular second permanent molars in the Gansu province population: A CBCT study. Australian Endodontic J. 2022;49(S1):27\u201332.","journal-title":"Australian Endodontic J"},{"issue":"1","key":"8459_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02299-8","volume":"22","author":"L Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang L, Han J, Wang Q, Wang Z, Yu X, Du Y. Variations of root and canal morphology of mandibular second molars in Chinese individuals: a cone-beam computed tomography study. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22(1):274.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"8459_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/ijos.2012.42","volume":"4","author":"Y Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang Y, Guo J, Yang H-B, Han X, Yu Y. Incidence of C-shaped root canal systems in mandibular second molars in the native Chinese population by analysis of clinical methods. Int J Oral Sci. 2012;4(3):161\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"8459_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-025-01640-1","volume":"25","author":"M Pataer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pataer M, Abulizi A, Jumatai S, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhao J. C-shaped canal configuration in mandibular second molars of a selected Uyghur adults in Xinjiang: prevalence, correlation, and differences of root canal configuration using cone-beam computed tomography. BMC Med Imaging. 2025;25(1):116.","journal-title":"BMC Med Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"8459_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.14744\/eej.2020.94695","volume":"6","author":"E Senan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Senan E, Alhadainy H, Madfa AA. Root and Canal Morphology of Mandibular Second Molars in a Yemeni Population: A Cone-beam Computed Tomography. Eur Endodontic J. 2021;6(1):72\u201381.","journal-title":"Eur Endodontic J"},{"issue":"7","key":"8459_CR44","first-page":"e3069","volume":"10","author":"S Lake","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lake S, Iwanaga J, Kikuta S, Oskouian RJ, Loukas M, Tubbs RS. The Incisive Canal: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus. 2018;10(7):e3069.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"8459_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Panda M, Shankar T, Raut A, Dev S, Kar A, Hota S. Cone beam computerized tomography evaluation of incisive canal and anterior maxillary bone thickness for placement of immediate implants. J Indian Prosthodontic Soc. 2018;18(4):356-63.","DOI":"10.4103\/jips.jips_167_18"},{"issue":"11","key":"8459_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diii.2015.11.012","volume":"97","author":"Y G\u00f6n\u00fcl","year":"2016","unstructured":"G\u00f6n\u00fcl Y, Bucak A, Atalay Y, Beker-Acay M, \u00c7ali\u015fkan A, Sakarya G, et al. MDCT evaluation of nasopalatine canal morphometry and variations: An analysis of 100 patients. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2016;97(11):1165\u201372.","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"8459_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.11.025","volume":"77","author":"Y Costa EDd, Nejaim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Costa EDd, Nejaim Y, Martins LAC, Peyneau PD, Ambrosano GMB, Oliveira ML. Morphological Evaluation of the Nasopalatine Canal in Patients With Different Facial Profiles and Ages. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019;77(4):721\u20139.","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"8459_CR48","first-page":"158","volume":"73","author":"TTI Daimaruya","year":"2003","unstructured":"Daimaruya TTI, Nagasaka H, Umemori M, Sugawara J, Mitani H. Effects of Maxillary Molar Intrusion on the Nasal Floor and Tooth Root Using the Skeletal Anchorage System in Dogs. Angle Orthod. 2003;73(2):158\u201366.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"3","key":"8459_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-2257","volume":"19","author":"JBTP Rao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rao JBTP, Pulla A, Kumar N, Patil SC, Tiwari I. Radiographic Assessment of Anatomy of Nasopalatine Canal for Dental Implant Placement: A Cone Beam Computed Tomographic Study. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2018;19(3):301\u20135.","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"8459_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1324","volume":"156","author":"KJ Connelly","year":"2015","unstructured":"Connelly KJ, Larson EA, Marks DL, Klein RF. Neonatal Estrogen Exposure Results in Biphasic Age-Dependent Effects on the Skeletal Development of Male Mice. Endocrinology. 2015;156(1):193\u2013202.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"8459_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e944868","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.944868","volume":"30","author":"M Firincioglulari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Firincioglulari M, Orhan K. Morphological Variations of the Nasopalatine Canal in the North Cyprus Population: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study. Med Sci Monit. 2024;30:e944868.","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"issue":"6","key":"8459_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2025.01.015","volume":"133","author":"I Assoratgoon","year":"2025","unstructured":"Assoratgoon I, Wan B, Tenkumo T, Sato T, Kawata T, Hardani Putra R, et al. Three-dimensional in vivo and finite element analyses of peri-implant bone remodeling after superstructure placement. J Prosthet Dent. 2025;133(6):1535\u201344.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"issue":"24","key":"8459_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5853","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10245853","volume":"10","author":"A Botermans","year":"2021","unstructured":"Botermans A, Lid\u00e9n A, de Carvalho Machado V, Chrcanovic BR. Immediate Implant Placement in the Maxillary Aesthetic Zone: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study. J Clin Med. 2021;10(24):5853.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"8459_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-023-00258-9","volume":"15","author":"P Rao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rao P, jing J, Fan Y, Zhou C. Spatiotemporal cellular dynamics and molecular regulation of tooth root ontogeny. Int J Oral Sci. 2023;15(1):50.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"8459_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5510","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-61048-x","volume":"16","author":"M Nagata","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nagata M, Gadhvi GT, Komori T, Arai Y, Manabe H, Chu AKY, et al. Wnt-directed CXCL12-expressing apical papilla progenitor cells drive tooth root formation. Nat Commun. 2025;16(1):5510.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"7","key":"8459_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5387","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.30243","volume":"236","author":"S Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang S, Choi H, Kim TH, Jeong JK, Liu Y, Harada H, Cho ES. Cell dynamics in Hertwig\u2019s epithelial root sheath are regulated by \u03b2-catenin activity during tooth root development. J Cell Physiol. 2020;236(7):5387\u201398.","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"8459_CR57","first-page":"e61883","volume":"16","author":"A Burse","year":"2024","unstructured":"Burse A, Mahapatra J, Reche A, Awghad SS. Uncovering the Enigma of the C-shaped Root Canal Morphology. Cureus. 2024;16(6):e61883.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"8459_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12714","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-12745-1","volume":"7","author":"H Seo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Seo H, Kim J, Hwang JJ, Jeong H-G, Han S-S, Park W, et al. Regulation of root patterns in mammalian teeth. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):12714.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"8459_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2021.105117","volume":"126","author":"M He","year":"2021","unstructured":"He M, Wang P, Li B, Wang Y, Wang X, Bai D, Guo Y. Rodent incisor and molar dental follicles show distinct characteristics in tooth eruption. Arch Oral Biol. 2021;126:105117.","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"8459_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660644","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.660644","volume":"12","author":"H Mu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mu H, Liu X, Geng S, Su D, Chang H, Li L, et al. Epithelial Bone Morphogenic Protein 2 and 4 Are Indispensable for Tooth Development. Front Physiol. 2021;12:660644.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8459_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4687","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40158-4","volume":"14","author":"A Sadier","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sadier A, Anthwal N, Krause AL, Dessalles R, Lake M, Bentolila LA, et al. Bat teeth illuminate the diversification of mammalian tooth classes. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):4687.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"8459_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13004","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-12532-y","volume":"7","author":"T Sagai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sagai T, Amano T, Maeno A, Kiyonari H, Seo H, Cho S-W, Shiroishi T. SHH signaling directed by two oral epithelium-specific enhancers controls tooth and oral development. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):13004.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"8459_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6440202305577","volume":"34","author":"BPFAAE Gomes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gomes BPFAAE, Kishen A. Irrigants and irrigation activation systems in Endodontics. Braz Dent J. 2023;34(4):1\u201333.","journal-title":"Braz Dent J"},{"issue":"6","key":"8459_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.14744\/eej.2025.22599","volume":"10","author":"M Dashti","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dashti M, Ghadimi N, Yalc\u0131n TY, Zahmatkesh H, Orhan K, Rankouhi SI, et al. Three-Dimensional Filling Quality of Cold Lateral vs Warm Vertical Condensation: A Micro-CT and CBCT-Based Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Eur Endodontic J. 2025;10(6):479\u201387.","journal-title":"Eur Endodontic J"},{"issue":"1","key":"8459_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19155","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-98345-6","volume":"11","author":"AP Candemil","year":"2021","unstructured":"Candemil AP, Salmon B, Vasconcelos KF, Oenning AC, Jacobs R, Freitas DQ, et al. Cone beam CT optimisation for detection of vertical root fracture with metal in the field of view or the exomass. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):19155.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"8459_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-024-7504-7","volume":"236","author":"KA Carney","year":"2024","unstructured":"Carney KA, Colloc TNE, Kilgariff JK. Management of rarely seen internal tunnelling root resorption associated with a maxillary permanent incisor. Br Dent J. 2024;236(12):955\u201361.","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"issue":"2","key":"8459_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.02.014","volume":"168","author":"T ElShebiny","year":"2025","unstructured":"ElShebiny T, Abdelrauof D, Elattar M, Motro M, Retrouvey JM, El-Dawlatly M, et al. A deep learning model for multiclass tooth segmentation on cone-beam computed tomography scans. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2025;168(2):191\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"8459_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-024-01307-3","volume":"38","author":"\u00d6D Tarak\u00e7\u0131","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tarak\u00e7\u0131 \u00d6D, K\u0131\u015f HC, Amasya H, \u00d6zt\u00fcrk \u0130, Karahan E, Orhan K. Radiomics-Based Diagnosis in Dentomaxillofacial Radiology: A Systematic Review. J Imaging Inf Med. 2024;38(4):2428\u201361.","journal-title":"J Imaging Inf Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"8459_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97255","DOI":"10.4329\/wjr.v17.i1.97255","volume":"17","author":"K Kamburo\u011flu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kamburo\u011flu K. Trends in dentomaxillofacial radiology. World J Radiol. 2025;17(1):97255.","journal-title":"World J Radiol"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08459-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08459-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08459-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T03:27:40Z","timestamp":1782098860000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08459-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8459"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08459-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This retrospective study utilized only de-identified electronic health records with no additional interventions or data collection. This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of the College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University (Approval No. GXMUHS-KY2026-001-CS), which granted a waiver of informed consent. This waiver was justified because: (1) the research posed no more than minimal risk to subjects; (2) obtaining individual consent was impracticable; and (3) the waiver did not adversely affect the rights and welfare of the subjects.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1094"}}