{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T16:51:57Z","timestamp":1782492717160,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779062400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":39,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Project supported by Medical Science and technology development Foundation, Nanjing Department of Health","award":["ZKX24058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZKX24058"]}]},{"name":"High-Level Hospital Construction Project of Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University","award":["0224C013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0224C013"]}]},{"name":"\u201c2015\u201d Cultivation Program for Reserve Talents for Academic Leaders of Nanjing Stomatological School, Medical School of Nanjing Univeristy","award":["0223A209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0223A209"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-026-08526-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T11:35:04Z","timestamp":1779104104000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Morphological characteristics and soft tissue analysis of the naso-oropharyngeal airway in young adults with skeletal Class II anterior open bite: a CBCT retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jindong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanting","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yike","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianghui","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"8526_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"cjae010","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjae010","volume":"46","author":"C Altheer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Altheer C, Papageorgiou SN, Antonarakis GS, Papadopoulou AK. Do patients with different craniofacial patterns have differences in upper airway volume? A systematic review with network meta-analysis. Eur J Orthod. 2024;46(2):cjae010.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"9","key":"8526_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14090903","volume":"14","author":"SI Pop","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pop SI, Procopciuc A, Arsintescu B, Mi\u021bariu M, Mi\u021bariu L, Pop RV, et al. Three-Dimensional Assessment of Upper Airway Volume and Morphology in Patients with Different Sagittal Skeletal Patterns. Diagnostics. 2024;14(9):903.","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"1","key":"8526_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2020.07.015","volume":"16","author":"YC Tseng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tseng YC, Tsai FC, Chou ST, Hsu CY, Cheng JH, Chen CM. Evaluation of pharyngeal airway volume for different dentofacial skeletal patterns using cone-beam computed tomography. J Dent Sci. 2021;16(1):51\u20137.","journal-title":"J Dent Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"8526_CR4","first-page":"e30515","volume":"14","author":"S Rathi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rathi S, Gilani R, Kamble R, Bhandwalkar S. Temporomandibular Joint Disorder and Airway in Class II Malocclusion: A Review. Cureus. 2022;14(10):e30515.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"2","key":"8526_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2024.11.003","volume":"53","author":"S Kazmouz","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kazmouz S, Calzadilla N, Choudhary A, McGinn LS, Seaman A, Purnell CA. Radiographic findings predictive of obstructive sleep apnea in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cranio-Maxillofacial Surg. 2025;53(2):162\u201380.","journal-title":"J Cranio-Maxillofacial Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"8526_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3540","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13123540","volume":"13","author":"A Terawatpothong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Terawatpothong A, Sessirisombat C, Banhiran W, Hotokezaka H, Yoshida N, Sirisoontorn I. Relationship between Cephalometric and Ultrasonic Airway Parameters in Adults with High Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. J Clin Med. 2024;13(12):3540.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"8526_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-05969-5","volume":"25","author":"Z Dong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dong Z, Zeng Y, Chen J, Wu L, Hong H. Upper airway and hyoid bone-related morphological parameters associated with the apnea-hypopnea index and lowest nocturnal oxygen saturation: a cephalometric analysis. BMC Oral Health. 2025;25(1):583.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"8526_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-016-0029-1","volume":"77","author":"C Rijpstra","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rijpstra C, Lisson JA. Etiology of anterior open bite: a review. J Orofac Orthop. 2016;77(4):281\u20136.","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"8526_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.04.032","volume":"128","author":"P Cozza","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cozza P, Baccetti T, Franchi L, Mucedero M, Polimeni A. Sucking habits and facial hyperdivergency as risk factors for anterior open bite in the mixed dentition. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2005;128(4):517\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"8526_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjy055","volume":"41","author":"G Lagan\u00e0","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lagan\u00e0 G, Di Fazio V, Paoloni V, Franchi L, Cozza P, Lione R. Geometric morphometric analysis of the palatal morphology in growing subjects with skeletal open bite. Eur J Orthod. 2018;41(3):258\u201363.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"8526_CR11","first-page":"467","volume":"12","author":"F Laranjo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Laranjo F, Pinho T. Cephalometric study of the upper airways and dentoalveolar height in open bite patients. Int Orthod. 2014;12(4):467\u201382.","journal-title":"Int Orthod"},{"issue":"6","key":"8526_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod22.187","volume":"53","author":"SS Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim SS, Kim YI, Park SB, Kim SH. Three-dimensional evaluation of the pharyngeal airway space in patients with anterior open bite. Korean J Orthod. 2023;53(6):358\u201364.","journal-title":"Korean J Orthod"},{"issue":"2","key":"8526_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.02.007","volume":"18","author":"PA Vidal-Manyari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vidal-Manyari PA, Arriola-Guill\u00e9n LE, Jimenez-Valdivia LM, Dias-Da Silveira HL, Boessio-Vizzotto M. Upper airways evaluation in young adults with an anterior open bite: A CBCT retrospective controlled and cross-sectional study. Int Orthod. 2020;18(2):276\u201385.","journal-title":"Int Orthod"},{"key":"8526_CR14","unstructured":"Zhao JX. Study on the upper airway morphology and fluid dynamics changes of skeletal Class II malocclusion children with obstructive sleep-disordered breathing treated by TB appliance [master\u2019s thesis]. Kunming: Kunming Medical University; 2023. [In Chinese]."},{"issue":"12","key":"8526_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12712","volume":"45","author":"Y Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen Y, Chen H, Hsu L, Wang S, Chen Y, Lai EH, et al. Airway increase after open bite closure with temporary anchorage devices for intrusion of the upper posteriors: Evidence from 2D cephalometric measurements and 3D magnetic resonance imaging. J Rehabil. 2018;45(12):939\u201347.","journal-title":"J Rehabil"},{"issue":"11","key":"8526_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2957","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-021-04778-2","volume":"121","author":"LM Mann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mann LM, Angus SA, Doherty CJ, Dominelli PB. Evaluation of sex-based differences in airway size and the physiological implications. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2021;121(11):2957\u201366.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"8526_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10092087","volume":"10","author":"S Martin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Martin S, Mathur R, Marshall I, Douglas N. The effect of age, sex, obesity and posture on upper airway size. Eur Respir J. 1997;10(9):2087\u201390.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"8526_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13937","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-41263-6","volume":"13","author":"C Tanikawa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tanikawa C, Oka A, Shiraishi Y, Yamashiro T. Sex differences in airway volume and 3-dimensional shape in Japanese adults. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):13937.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"8526_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.12.005","volume":"19","author":"DAR Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez DAR, Garz\u00f3n JS, Franco JQ, Botero-Mariaca P. Anterior open bite and its relationship with dental arch dimensions and tongue position during swallowing and phonation in individuals aged 8\u201316 years: A retrospective case\u2013control study. Int Orthod. 2021;19(1):107\u201316.","journal-title":"Int Orthod"},{"issue":"3","key":"8526_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjv044","volume":"38","author":"C Van Dyck","year":"2015","unstructured":"Van Dyck C, Dekeyser A, Vantricht E, Manders E, Goeleven A, Fieuws S, et al. The effect of orofacial myofunctional treatment in children with anterior open bite and tongue dysfunction: a pilot study. Eur J Orthod. 2015;38(3):227\u201334.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"6","key":"8526_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15060724","volume":"15","author":"O Bunta","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bunta O, Filip I, Garba C, Colceriu-Simon IM, Olteanu C, Festila D, et al. Tongue Behavior in Anterior Open Bite\u2014A Narrative Review. Diagnostics. 2025;15(6):724.","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"2","key":"8526_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjq042","volume":"33","author":"S Premkumar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Premkumar S, Avathvadi Venkatesan S, Rangachari S. Altered oral sensory perception in tongue thrusters with an anterior open bite. Eur J Orthod. 2010;33(2):139\u201342.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"8526_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15960","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.15960","volume":"11","author":"O Mortezai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mortezai O, Shalli Z, Tofangchiha M, Alizadeh A, Pagnoni F, Reda R, et al. Effect of premolar extraction and anchorage type for orthodontic space closure on upper airway dimensions and position of hyoid bone in adults: a retrospective cephalometric assessment. PeerJ. 2023;11:e15960.","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"8526_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-025-06367-5","volume":"29","author":"MAA Al-Somairi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Al-Somairi MAA, Yan Y, Alhammadi MS, Al\u2013Worafi NA, Alyafrusee ES, Almaqrami BS, et al. Three-dimensional pharyngeal airway and hyoid bone changes in skeletal class I malocclusion treated with extraction and non-extraction protocols: a comparative study of fixed orthodontic appliance and clear aligners. Clin Oral Invest. 2025;29(6):299.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Invest"},{"issue":"6","key":"8526_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2020.02.016","volume":"159","author":"X Shi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shi X, Chen H, Lobbezoo F, Berkhout E, de Lange J, Guo J, et al. Effects of miniscrew-assisted orthodontic treatment with premolar extractions on upper airway dimensions in adult patients with Class II high-angle malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2021;159(6):724\u201332.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"8526_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119004370.ch28","volume":"28","author":"JP Reyneke","year":"2016","unstructured":"Reyneke JP, Ferretti C. Surgical Correction of Skeletal Anterior Open Bite: Segmental Maxillary Surgery. Orthognathic Surg. 2016;28:480\u201397.","journal-title":"Orthognathic Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"8526_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000011053","volume":"36","author":"S Do\u011fru Yuvarlakba\u015f","year":"2025","unstructured":"Do\u011fru Yuvarlakba\u015f S, Boyan N, Kuleci S, Balli HT. Anatomic Changes of Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome at Different Stages. J Craniofac Surg. 2025;36(4):1254\u20137.","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"21","key":"8526_CR28","first-page":"1853","volume":"29","author":"X Guofeng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guofeng X, Jianwen H, Weijun C, Yimin Z, Wenlong Z. The analysis of correlation between tongue body MRI and upper airway pressure measurements of blocked lingual region in patients with moderate and severe OSAHS. J Clin Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015;29(21):1853\u20136.","journal-title":"J Clin Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"8526_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14175","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14175","volume":"33","author":"P Bokov","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bokov P, Dahan J, Boujemla I, Dudoignon B, Delclaux C. The role of atypical deglutition in children and adolescents with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. J Sleep Res. 2024;33(5):e14175.","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"8526_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.06.021","volume":"98","author":"P Bokov","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bokov P, Dahan J, Boujemla I, Dudoignon B, Andr\u00e9 CV, Bennaceur S, et al. Prevalence of mouth breathing, with or without nasal obstruction, in children with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Med. 2022;98:98\u2013105.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"8526_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(97)70244-0","volume":"112","author":"EK Pae","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pae EK, Kuhlberg A, Nanda R. Role of pharyngeal length in patients with a lack of overbite. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1997;112(2):179\u201386.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"8526_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14061963","volume":"14","author":"O Tanellari","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tanellari O, Alushi A, Ghanim S, Balcos C, Cioloca DP, Zetu IN. A Comprehensive Analysis of the Interrelationship Between Craniofacial Variables in Cephalometric Analysis and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). J Clin Med. 2025;14(6):1963.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"8526_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.01.007","volume":"31","author":"BC Neelapu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Neelapu BC, Kharbanda OP, Sardana HK, Balachandran R, Sardana V, Kapoor P, et al. Craniofacial and upper airway morphology in adult obstructive sleep apnea patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cephalometric studies. Sleep Med Rev. 2017;31:79\u201390.","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"8526_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2022.101741","volume":"68","author":"PJ Hartfield","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hartfield PJ, Janczy J, Sharma A, Newsome HA, Sparapani RA, Rhee JS, et al. Anatomical determinants of upper airway collapsibility in obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2023;68:101741.","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"8526_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089606","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.1089606","volume":"13","author":"CJ Samaha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Samaha CJ, Tannous HJ, Salman D, Ghafari JG, Amatoury J. Role of surgical hyoid bone repositioning in modifying upper airway collapsibility. Front Physiol. 2022;13:1089606.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"8526_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-013-0878-4","volume":"18","author":"R Pahkala","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pahkala R, Sepp\u00e4 J, Ikonen A, Smirnov G, Tuomilehto H. The impact of pharyngeal fat tissue on the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath. 2013;18(2):275\u201382.","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"issue":"6","key":"8526_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201903-0692OC","volume":"201","author":"SH Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang SH, Keenan BT, Wiemken A, Zang Y, Staley B, Sarwer DB, et al. Effect of Weight Loss on Upper Airway Anatomy and the Apnea\u2013Hypopnea Index. The Importance of Tongue Fat. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;201(6):718\u201327.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"8526_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00385-2015","volume":"47","author":"AG Kaditis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kaditis AG, Alonso Alvarez ML, Boudewyns A, Alexopoulos EI, Ersu R, Joosten K, et al. Obstructive sleep disordered breathing in 2- to 18-year-old children: diagnosis and management. Eur Respir J. 2015;47(1):69\u201394.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"8526_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin Z, Zhou C, Hu Z, Zhang Z, Cheng Y, Fang B, et al. Expert consensus on imaging diagnosis and analysis of early correction of childhood malocclusion. International Journal Of Oral Science. 2025;17(1):21.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-025-00351-1"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08526-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08526-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08526-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T16:34:41Z","timestamp":1782491681000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08526-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8526"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08526-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School (Approval No.: KY-2021NL-062). The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent for study participation and for the use of patients' records in research was obtained.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1119"}}