{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T12:27:54Z","timestamp":1786969674020,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":81,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ege University and Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-026-08688-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T01:44:22Z","timestamp":1779932662000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The comparative evaluation for the efficacy of different remineralization agents on initial caries lesion"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Eylul","family":"Ozgel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cigdem","family":"Atalayin Ozkaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guliz","family":"Armagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huseyin","family":"Tezel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9555","key":"8688_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60031-2","volume":"369","author":"RH Selwitz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Selwitz RH, Ismail AI, Pitts NB. Dental caries. Lancet. 2007;369(9555):51\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"8688_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.07.046","volume":"128","author":"W Hu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hu W, Featherstone JD. Prevention of enamel demineralization: an in-vitro study using light-cured filled sealant. Am J Orthod Dentofac orthopedics: official publication Am Association Orthodontists its constituent Soc Am Board Orthod. 2005;128(5):592\u2013670.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac orthopedics: official publication Am Association Orthodontists its constituent Soc Am Board Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"8688_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2013.162","volume":"214","author":"JM ten Cate","year":"2013","unstructured":"ten Cate JM. Contemporary perspective on the use of fluoride products in caries prevention. Br Dent J. 2013;214(4):161\u20137.","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"8688_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859560","DOI":"10.3389\/fdmed.2022.859560","volume":"3","author":"F Meyer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meyer F, Enax J, Amaechi BT, Limeback H, Fabritius H-O, Ganss B, Pawinska M, Paszynska E. Hydroxyapatite as Remineralization Agent for Children\u2019s Dental Care. Front Dent Med. 2022;3:859560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fdmed.2022.859560.","journal-title":"Front Dent Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"8688_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-77572010000400002","volume":"18","author":"MA Buzalaf","year":"2010","unstructured":"Buzalaf MA, Hannas AR, Magalh\u00e3es AC, Rios D, Hon\u00f3rio HM, Delbem AC. pH-cycling models for in vitro evaluation of the efficacy of fluoridated dentifrices for caries control: strengths and limitations. J Appl oral science: revista FOB. 2010;18(4):316\u201334.","journal-title":"J Appl oral science: revista FOB"},{"key":"8688_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e827643","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.827643","volume":"12","author":"C Qi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qi C, Peng X, Yuan S, Zhang M, Xu X, Cheng X. Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Natural Products-Containing Toothpaste. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;12:e827643.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"8688_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2954","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19052954","volume":"19","author":"MP Pecci-Lloret","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pecci-Lloret MP, L\u00f3pez-Garc\u00eda S, Rodr\u00edguez-Lozano FJ, \u00c1lvarez-Novoa P, Garc\u00eda-Bernal D. In Vitro Biocompatibility of Several Children\u2019s Toothpastes on Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(5):2954.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"8688_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.105429","volume":"15","author":"M Pawinska","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pawinska M, Paszynska E, Amaechi BT, Meyer F, Enax J, Limeback H. Clinical evidence of caries prevention by hydroxyapatite: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent. 2024;15:105429.","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"8688_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.2174\/1874210601105010158","volume":"5","author":"F Bergstrand","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bergstrand F, Twetman S. A review on prevention and treatment of post-orthodontic white spot lesions\u2013evidence-based methods and emerging technologies. open dentistry J. 2011;5:158.","journal-title":"open dentistry J"},{"issue":"2","key":"8688_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-3327.226532","volume":"15","author":"F Heravi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Heravi F, Ahrari F, Tanbakuchi B. Effectiveness of MI Paste Plus and Remin Pro on remineralization and color improvement of postorthodontic white spot lesions. Dent Res J. 2018;15(2):95\u2013103.","journal-title":"Dent Res J"},{"key":"8688_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohapatra S, Kumar RP, Arumugham IM, Sakthi D, Jayashri P. Assessment of Microhardness of Enamel Carious Like Lesions After Treatment with Nova Min, Bio Min and Remin Pro Containing Toothpastes: An in Vitro Study. Indian J Public Health Res Dev. 2019;10(10):375\u201380.","DOI":"10.5958\/0976-5506.2019.02832.8"},{"key":"8688_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meyer F, Enax J. Early Childhood Caries: Epidemiology, Aetiology, and Prevention. Int J Dent. 2018;2018:e1415873.","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1415873"},{"issue":"2","key":"8688_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034512450446","volume":"24","author":"M Hannig","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hannig M, Hannig C. Nanotechnology and its role in caries therapy. Adv Dent Res. 2012;24(2):53\u20137.","journal-title":"Adv Dent Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"8688_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1159\/000331207","volume":"45","author":"S Huang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Huang S, Gao S, Cheng L, Yu H. Remineralization potential of nano-hydroxyapatite on initial enamel lesions: an in vitro study. Caries Res. 2011;45(5):460\u20138.","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"8688_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1002\/idj.2009.59.6s1.321","volume":"59","author":"F Sch\u00e4fer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sch\u00e4fer F, Beasley T, Abraham P. In vivo delivery of fluoride and calcium from toothpaste containing 2% hydroxyapatite. Int Dent J. 2009;59(6):321\u20134.","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"issue":"2","key":"8688_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1680\/jbibn.18.00035","volume":"8","author":"K Fabritius-Vilpoux","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fabritius-Vilpoux K, Enax J, Herbig M, Raabe D, Fabritius HO. Quantitative affinity parameters of synthetic hydroxyapatite and enamel surfaces in vitro. Bioinspired Biomim Nanobiomaterials. 2019;8(2):141\u201353.","journal-title":"Bioinspired Biomim Nanobiomaterials"},{"issue":"1","key":"8688_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s41405-019-0026-8","volume":"5","author":"BT Amaechi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Amaechi BT, AbdulAzees PA, Alshareif DO, Shehata MA, Lima PPDCS, Abdollahi A, Evans V. Comparative efficacy of a hydroxyapatite and a fluoride toothpaste for prevention and remineralization of dental caries in children. BDJ open. 2019;5(1):18.","journal-title":"BDJ open"},{"issue":"6","key":"8688_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2011.03.008","volume":"39","author":"P Tschoppe","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tschoppe P, Zandim DL, Martus P, Kielbassa AM. Enamel and dentine remineralization by nano-hydroxyapatite toothpastes. J Dent. 2011;39(6):430\u20137.","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"8688_CR19","first-page":"487","volume":"30","author":"S Ali","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ali S, Farooq I, Al-Thobity AM, Al-Khalifa KS, Alhooshani K, Sauro S. An in-vitro evaluation of fluoride content and enamel remineralization potential of two toothpastes containing different bioactive glasses. Biomed Mater Eng. 2020;30(5\u20136):487\u201396.","journal-title":"Biomed Mater Eng"},{"issue":"12","key":"8688_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.23146","volume":"81","author":"LES Soares","year":"2018","unstructured":"Soares LES, da Silva Magalh\u00e3es J, Marciano FR, Lobo AO. Surface characteristics of a modified acidulated phosphate fluoride gel with nano-hydroxyapatite coating applied on bovine enamel subjected to an erosive environment. Microsc Res Tech. 2018;81(12):1456\u201366.","journal-title":"Microsc Res Tech"},{"issue":"6","key":"8688_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5712(99)00019-6","volume":"14","author":"B Levallois","year":"1998","unstructured":"Levallois B, Fovet Y, Lapeyre L, Gal JY. In vitro fluoride release from restorative materials in water versus artificial saliva medium (SAGF). Dent materials: official publication Acad Dent Mater. 1998;14(6):441\u20137.","journal-title":"Dent materials: official publication Acad Dent Mater"},{"key":"8688_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2017.06.004","volume":"134","author":"M Pietrzy\u0144ska","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pietrzy\u0144ska M, Voelkel A. Stability of simulated body fluids such as blood plasma, artificial urine and artificial saliva. Microchem J. 2017;134:197\u2013201.","journal-title":"Microchem J"},{"key":"8688_CR23","first-page":"7280535","volume":"20161","author":"M Machoy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Machoy M, Seeliger J, Lipski M, W\u00f3jcicka A, Gedrange T, Wo\u017aniak K. SEM-EDS\u2010Based Elemental Identification on the Enamel Surface after the Completion of Orthodontic Treatment: In Vitro Studies. Biomed Res Int. 2016;20161:7280535.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"8688_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-64402010000400008","volume":"21","author":"CP Turssi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Turssi CP, Messias DF, Corona SM, Serra MC. Viability of using enamel and dentin from bovine origin as a substitute for human counterparts in an intraoral erosion model. Braz Dent J. 2010;21:332\u20136.","journal-title":"Braz Dent J"},{"issue":"3","key":"8688_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.53.273","volume":"53","author":"GH Yassen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yassen GH, Platt JA, Hara AT. Bovine teeth as substitute for human teeth in dental research: a review of literature. J Oral Sci. 2011;53(3):273\u201382.","journal-title":"J Oral Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"8688_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.4103\/1305-7456.156848","volume":"9","author":"B Ayd\u0131n","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ayd\u0131n B, Pamir T, Baltaci A, Orman MN, Turk T. Effect of storage solutions on microhardness of crown enamel and dentin. Eur J dentistry. 2015;9(2):262\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur J dentistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"8688_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.07.028","volume":"136","author":"S Jaffer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jaffer S, Oesterle LJ, Newman SM. Storage media effect on bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2009;136(1):83\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"9","key":"8688_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2015.06.004","volume":"43","author":"M Zeczkowski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zeczkowski M, Tenuta LMA, Ambrosano GMB, Aguiar FHB, Lima DA N. L. Effect of different storage conditions on the physical properties of bleached enamel: An in vitro vs. in situ study. J Dent. 2015;43(9):1154\u201361.","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"8688_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2019.04.013","volume":"95","author":"LC Hua","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hua LC, Wang WY, Swain MV, Zhu CL, Huang HB, Du JK, Zhou ZR. The dehydration effect on mechanical properties of tooth enamel. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2019;95:210\u20134.","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater"},{"issue":"3","key":"8688_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-1445","volume":"10","author":"D Prajapati","year":"2017","unstructured":"Prajapati D, Nayak R, Pai D, Upadhya N, Bhaskar VK, Kamath P. Effect of resin infiltration on artificial caries: an in vitro evaluation of resin penetration and microhardness. Int J Clin Pediatr dentistry. 2017;10(3):250.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pediatr dentistry"},{"key":"8688_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-14392009000400016","volume":"12","author":"C Chuenarrom","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chuenarrom C, Benjakul P, Daosodsai P. Effect of indentation load and time on knoop and vickers microhardness tests for enamel and dentin. Mater Res. 2009;12:473\u20136.","journal-title":"Mater Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"8688_CR32","first-page":"154","volume":"30","author":"A Al-Joba\u0131r","year":"2010","unstructured":"Al-Joba\u0131r A. The effect of repeated applications of enamel surface. Pakistan Oral Dent J. 2010;30(1):154\u20138.","journal-title":"Pakistan Oral Dent J"},{"key":"8688_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poggio C, Gulino C, Mirando M, Colombo M, Pietrocola G. Protective effect of zinc-hydroxyapatite toothpastes on enamel erosion: An in vitro study. J Clin experimental dentistry. 2017;9(1):e118.","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.53068"},{"issue":"4","key":"8688_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2008.11.020","volume":"37","author":"J Xue","year":"2009","unstructured":"Xue J, Li W, Swain MV. In vitro demineralization of human enamel natural and abraded surfaces: A micromechanical and SEM investigation. J Dent. 2009;37(4):264\u201372.","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"issue":"4","key":"8688_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.2341\/11-070-L","volume":"37","author":"CRG Torres","year":"2012","unstructured":"Torres CRG, Rosa PCF, Ferreira NS, Borges A. Effect of caries infiltration technique and fluoride therapy on microhardness of enamel carious lesions. Oper Dent. 2012;37(4):363\u20139.","journal-title":"Oper Dent"},{"issue":"2","key":"8688_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.17796\/jcpd.39.2.yn2r54nw24l03741","volume":"39","author":"S Vyavhare","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vyavhare S, Sharma DS, Kulkarni VK. Effect of three different pastes on remineralization of initial enamel lesion: an in vitro study. J Clin Pediatr Dentistry. 2015;39(2):149\u201360.","journal-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dentistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"8688_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"034104","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-6041\/4\/3\/034104","volume":"4","author":"SB Huang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Huang SB, Gao SS, Yu HY. Effect of nano-hydroxyapatite concentration on remineralization of initial enamel lesion in vitro. Biomed Mater. 2009;4(3):034104.","journal-title":"Biomed Mater"},{"issue":"4","key":"8688_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.4103\/jispcd.JISPCD_64_21","volume":"11","author":"P Kasemkhun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kasemkhun P, Rirattanapong P. The Efficacy of Non-fluoridated Toothpastes on Artificial Enamel Caries in Primary Teeth: An: In Vitro: Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dentistry. 2021;11(4):397\u2013401.","journal-title":"J Int Soc Prev Community Dentistry"},{"key":"8688_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amaechi, B. T., Farah, R., Liu, J. A., Phillips, T. S., Perozo, B. I., Kataoka, Y.,\u2026 Enax, J. (2022). Remineralization of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) with a hydroxyapatite toothpaste: an in-situ study. BDJ open, 8(1), 33.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41405-022-00126-4"},{"issue":"3","key":"8688_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513520548","volume":"93","author":"JE Schmitz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schmitz JE, Teepe JD, Hu Y, Smith CE, Fajardo RJ, Chun YH. Estimating mineral changes in enamel formation by ashing\/BSE and microCT. J Dent Res. 2014;93(3):256\u201362.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"8688_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9969(00)00113-8","volume":"46","author":"B J\u00e4levik","year":"2001","unstructured":"J\u00e4levik B, Odelius H, Dietz W, Nor\u00e9n J. Secondary ion mass spectrometry and X-ray microanalysis of hypomineralized enamel in human permanent first molars. Arch Oral Biol. 2001;46(3):239\u201347.","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8688_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2009.09.002","volume":"38","author":"RA Farah","year":"2010","unstructured":"Farah RA, Swain MV, Drummond BK, Cook R, Atieh M. Mineral density of hypomineralised enamel. J Dent. 2010;38(1):50\u20138.","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"8688_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-02805-6","volume":"23","author":"S Akk\u00fc\u00e7","year":"2023","unstructured":"Akk\u00fc\u00e7 S, Duruk G, Kele\u015f A. Remineralization effect of three different agents on initial caries and erosive lesions: a micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy analysis. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23(1):106.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"8688_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2011.03.005","volume":"39","author":"H Hamba","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hamba H, Nikaido T, Inoue G, Sadr A, Tagami J. Effects of CPP-ACP with sodium fluoride on inhibition of bovine enamel demineralization: a quantitative assessment using micro-computed tomography. J Dent. 2011;39(6):405\u201313.","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"8688_CR45","unstructured":"Miyahira, K., Coutinho, T. C. L., da Silva, E. M., Pereira, A. M. B., Tostes, M. A.,Coutinho, T., \u2026 Tostes, M. (2017). Evaluation of CPP-ACP and Fluoride on Inhibition of Human Enamel demineralisation: Cross-sectional Hardness and MicroCT Studies. Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry, 15(6)"},{"issue":"7","key":"8688_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1080\/00016357.2018.1437217","volume":"76","author":"B Yazkan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yazkan B, Ermis RB. Effect of resin infiltration and microabrasion on the microhardness, surface roughness and morphology of incipient carious lesions. Acta Odontol Scand. 2018;76(7):473\u201381.","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"8688_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2020.04.005","volume":"16","author":"OAES El Meligy","year":"2021","unstructured":"El Meligy OAES, Alamoudi NM, Ibrahim E, Felemban ST, O. M., Al-Tuwirqi AA. Effect of resin infiltration application on early proximal caries lesions in vitro. J Dent Sci. 2021;16(1):296\u2013303.","journal-title":"J Dent Sci"},{"key":"8688_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li M, Yang Z, Huang Y, Li Y, Zhou Z. In vitro effect of resin infiltrant on resistance of sound enamel surfaces in permanent teeth to demineralization. Peer J. 2021;9:e12008.","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.12008"},{"issue":"7","key":"8688_CR49","first-page":"e861","volume":"9","author":"M Colombo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Colombo M, Mirando M, Rattalino D, Beltrami R, Chiesa M, Poggio C. Remineralizing effect of a zinc-hydroxyapatite toothpaste on enamel erosion caused by soft drinks: Ultrastructural analysis. J Clin experimental dentistry. 2017;9(7):e861.","journal-title":"J Clin experimental dentistry"},{"issue":"34","key":"8688_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4079","DOI":"10.1039\/b806090h","volume":"18","author":"L Li","year":"2008","unstructured":"Li L, Pan H, Tao J, Xu X, Mao C, Gu X, Tang R. Repair of enamel by using hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as the building blocks. J Mater Chem. 2008;18(34):4079\u201384.","journal-title":"J Mater Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"8688_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.13150","volume":"36","author":"B G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fta\u015f","year":"2024","unstructured":"G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fta\u015f B, Birant S, \u015ei\u015fmano\u011flu S. Ultrastructural investigation of the effect of toothpastes containing different remineralizing agents on demineralized enamel. J Esthetic Restor Dentistry. 2024;36(4):663\u201372.","journal-title":"J Esthetic Restor Dentistry"},{"issue":"12","key":"8688_CR52","first-page":"e1120","volume":"11","author":"C Thimmaiah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thimmaiah C, Shetty P, Shetty SB, Natarajan S, Thomas NA. Comparative analysis of the remineralization potential of CPP\u2013ACP with Fluoride, Tri-Calcium Phosphate and Nano Hydroxyapatite using SEM\/EDX\u2013An in vitro study. J Clin Experimental Dentistry. 2019;11(12):e1120.","journal-title":"J Clin Experimental Dentistry"},{"key":"8688_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shaik, Z. A., Rambabu, T., Sajjan, G., Varma, M., Satish, K., Raju, V. B., \u2026 Ventrapati,N. (2017). Quantitative analysis of remineralization of artificial carious lesions with commercially available newer remineralizing agents using SEM-EDX-in vitro study.Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, 11(4), ZC20.","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2017\/22270.9642"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08688-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08688-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08688-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T12:01:57Z","timestamp":1786968117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08688-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8688"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08688-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study used bovine incisors, and the necessary approval for this was obtained from the Ege University Experimental Animals Local Ethics Committee (dated 29.06.2022, permission number: 2022-048).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1465"}}